名词性从句学案(优)

1、 高三名词性从句复习学案 名词性从句复习学案班级_ 组别_ 姓名_【自主学习，明确目标】1. 教学目标：1）了解名词性从句的定义、种类，及其位置。2）掌握名词性从句的语序，引导词的选择及其技巧。2教学重点: 熟记that, whether, if, what, which等引导词的特殊用法。 3. 易混淆点：1）whether, if的区别； 2）that, what的区别；3) what, which 的区别 4) 主语从句中的主谓一致问题。【自主学习，问题生成】一、感受名词性从句: 猜猜下列谚语的汉语意思，并判断各句中的名词性从句分别是什么从句。1. What's lost is

2、lost. (句意：_ _从句)2. It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun. (句意： _从句)3. Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. (句意： _从句)4. Children are what the mothers are. (句意： _从句)5. We hold this truth that all men are created equal. (句意： _从句)二、基础知识回顾：1. 名词性从句的定义、句法功能和分类由连接词引导，在复合句中

3、起_词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句在复合句中的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任_语、 _语、 _语和 _语等，因此根据它在句中不同的句法功能，名词性从句又可分别分为_从句、_从句、_从句，和_从句。2. 引导名词性从句的连接词，及其在句中的作用。名词性从句的引导词在从句中的作用连词that(无意义), whether/ if (是否)不充当句子成分，只起连接作用连接代词what, who, whom(宾格), which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 主语，宾语，表语，whose只作定语连

4、接副词when, where, why, how, becausewhenever, wherever, however状语3. 解题方法：1). 找出主句的谓语，确定是什么从句。2). 分析从句的句子成分，缺什么，补什么；不缺句子成分，不缺意思，就选_; 不缺句子成分，只缺“是否”， 就选_或if；缺主语/宾语/表语，就补连接_词，选what, who, whom, which等；缺状语，就补连接_词，选when, where, why, how等。3). 确定词性后，再根据句子的意思选择适当的引导词。我的问题：（你在预习中有哪些未能解决的问题和有疑问的地方？写在下面做个备忘吧！等待课堂上与

5、老师和同学他就讨论解决。）【合作探究，解决问题】探究一：观察句子，找出主句谓语，划出从句，判断从句类型。1. Whoever comes is welcome. (_从句)2. It is reported that three people were killed in the traffic accident yesterday. (_从句)3. The question is whether the film is worth seeing. (_从句)4. I wondered why

6、you were so angry. (_从句)5. It all depends on how we solve the problem. (_从句)6. I think it necessary that we should do our homework. (_从句)7. I have no idea which one I should choose. (_从句)小结一：1._从句在复合句中作主语。_从句一般位于主句_词或介词之后(如例1)，为避免主语冗长，句子头重脚轻，经常用_作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末(如例2)。 2. 在复合句中作宾语的从句叫作_从句。它常位于_词或介词之后

7、(如例4, 5)。当宾语后面还有宾补时，常用_作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的宾语从句放到_(如例7) 3. 在复合句中用作表语的从句叫作_从句。它一般位于_ 动词之后。（如例3）。4.同位语从句一般位于fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, information, doubt, hope, opinion, plan, suggestion等抽象_词之后，进一步解释和说明前面名词的具体内容或含义。(如例8)探究二：名词性从句的语序问题：选择最佳答案。1. No one can be sure _ in a million years

8、.A. what will man look like B. what man will look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like2. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited小结二：名词性从句在句中要用_语序, (即连接词

9、+主语+谓语)，从句的引导词必须始终置于从句的句首。探究三：主谓一致问题：（用括号中的词的适当形式填空。）1. When the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet.2. When and where the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet.3. When they will start and where they will go_ (be) still unknown.4. What we need _(be) more time. 5. What we need

10、 _(be) more dictionaries. 小结三：1. 单个的主语从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词一般用_数形式。（如例1）2. 由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用_数形式。（如例2）3. 如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用_数形式。（如例3）4. 由what引导从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词的数一般与后面的_语的数保持一致。(如例4、5)探究四：连接词的选用：(一)whether和if的选用 (用A. whether/if B. whether C. if 填空)1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. It is doubtfu

11、l _ he will come here. 3. _ he will come is not clear. 4. The question is _ hell come. 5. I havent decided _ to go there. 6. It all depends on _ they will support us.7. I dont know _ or not he is well. 8. I have no idea _ the meeting will be put off. 小结：1.用whether，if均可的情况： (1) 引导_词后的宾语从句(如例1)； (2)当i

12、t作形式主语，主语从句在_时(如例2)2.下列情况下只能用whether, 不能用if引导名词性从句： (1) 引导 从句并在句首时(如例3)、引导_从句(如例4)、同位语从句(如例8)；(2)引导_词后的宾语从句(如例6)；(3)从句后紧跟着_时(如例7); (4) 后接不定式时(如例5)。(二) that 和what 的选用 （选择A. that B. what填空）1. _ he wants is encouragement. 2. I have no doubt _ you will succeed.3. This is _ we want to know. 4. He is no l

13、onger _he used to be. 小结：1. That在名词性从句中_任何成分，只起连接作用,即当从句是完整的也不缺任何意义时，就选_。2. _除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的_语、_语、或_语，即当从句中缺主语、宾语或表语时，就选_(如例1, 3, 4)。 what的含义是：“什么”、“所的人/地方/样子”等。 (三) which 与what 的选用 (选用which或what填空)1. The Indians used to live in_ is now part of the USA.2. There are many kinds of bikes in

14、the shop. I don't know _ to choose. 3. I want to buy something for my mother as a gift, but I dont know _ to buy. 4. It is still unknown _ team will win the match.解题点拨：_表示泛指的事物,常译为"什么"或"所的事物"；which表示_范围内的“哪一个(些)”。(四) that, because, why 的选用 (选用A. that B. because C. why填空)1. He

15、 failed the exam. Thats _ he didnt study hard enough. 2. Tom is ill. That was _ he was absent from school this morning. 3. The reason why he was late was_ he missed the train by one minute.解题点拨：1. Thats because.那是因为(强调原因)；Thats why.那是的缘故(强调结果)。2. 在表语从句中,当reason做主语时, 引导词只能用_,不能用because (如例3) 。固定句型：Th

16、e reason why(定从) is that.的原因是。固定句型：The reason why is/ was that. 的原因是。探究五：连词that (一) that 的省略 （选择A. that B. (that) 填空）1. The result is _ we won the game. 2. I think _it will clear up this afternoon and _ they will come to say goodbye to us.3. This is a very good composition except _ there are a few s

17、pelling mistakes. 4. I think it necessary _ you should read English aloud every day.解题点拨：1. That引导主语从句、_从句和同位语从句时不能省略(如例1)。2. that引导_从句时，常可省略，但在下列三种情况下不能省略：当that引导的从句作_词的宾语时(如例3)；当有_作形式宾语，而that引导的宾语从句放于句末时(如例4)；当有两个或多个并列宾语从句时，引导第一个从句的that可省略，其余的不可省略(如例2)。(二) 介词后的that宾语从句 (选用A. it that B. that 填空)1.

18、He is a good student except _ he is a little bit careless. 2. You may depend on _ we shall never lose heart.解题点拨：that从句一般不作_词的宾语，偶尔可作except, but, in等的宾语(如例1)；其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，需要用_ 作形式宾语(如例2)。【问题拓展，能力提升】读下面一篇作文, 划出文中的名词性从句, 并说明是什么从句（主语、宾语、表语从句）。My name is Li Qing. What I like most are sports and E

19、nglish. I like making friends and I am ready to help others. In my opinion，success in life depends mainly on whether one can get along well with others. Im sure that I can be your good friend. It is known that a man who has a settled purpose(明确的目标) will surely succeed. My hope is that I can be admit

20、ted to a key university Im dreaming of. However, it is a fact that I dont do very well in study. All in all, I will make more efforts to make my dream come true.第二课时1. 教学目标：1）学习名词性从句的时态运用；2）学习名词性从句中的虚拟语气；3）学习同位语从句。2. 教学重难点：1)同位语从句及其引导词的选用;2)疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句3. 易混淆点：1）同位语从句的引导词whether与that的区别；2）同位语从句与

21、定语从句的区别。 探究一：易错易混淆点： (一) it作形式宾语 （选择最佳答案）1. We all find _ important that we (should) make a quick decision. A. that B. it C. this D. which2. I hate _when they talk with their mouths full of food. A. it B. that C. these D. them3. Id appreciate _ if you can come to help me. A. that B. it C. this D. yo

22、u解题点拨：1. 若主句谓语动词是_，feel，consider, make, believe等，常用_作形式宾语，而将宾语从句置于宾补后(如例1)。2. 有些动词接从句作宾语时要用_作形式宾语，这类动词主要有_，_，take，love，like, see to, depend on, count on等(如例2、3)。(二) 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 (选择最佳答案)1. It is required that the work _finished before dark. A. will be B. would be C. should be D. must be 2. It is stra

23、nge that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3. My suggestion is that we _ out early. A. will start B. would start C. start out D. started 4. We suggested that the meeting _.A. should put off B. be put off C. was put off D. putting off5. The smile on his face suggested

24、 that he _satisfied with our work. A. was B. is C. be D. has been 6. The boy insisted that he _nothing wrong and insisted that he _punished. A. should do; not punish B. did; not punish C. had done; not be punished D. do; should not be punished 小结一：1. 在“It is +形容词(necessary/ natural/ strange/ advisab

25、le/)+ that .”句型中, 谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即_(如例2)。2. 表示建议、要求、命令, 坚持要求/主张等动词如：_、advise、propose、demand、_、advice、request、command、order等后的宾语从句、表语从句谓语动词要用_表示虚拟(如例1、4、6)。注意: suggest当表示“暗示、表明”，insist 表示“坚持认为”时，从句不用虚拟语气，而按需要来选择时态(如例5、6)。3. 在suggestion, proposal, plan, order, advice 等表示“建议、计划、命令、劝告”的名词后的同位语从句、_从句中要用_语气，即

26、_(如例3)。(三) wh-ever与no matter wh- 的用法区别1. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who2. He would believe _ you said. A. anything what B. whatever C. no matter what D. what ever3. _ I said, he wouldnt listen to me. A. Whatever B. No matte

27、r what C. Whatever/No matter what D. Anything what解题点拨：wh-ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句(如例1、2)；而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句(如例3)。探究二：同位语从句 (一)同位语从句中引导词的选用 (用适当的连词完成句子)1. I have no idea _ he has gone. 2. I have no idea _ he did it.3. I have no idea _ he did. 解题点拨：在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句。4. A saying goes

28、_practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧是一句谚语。5. Word(消息) came_ the mayor(市长) will visit our school next week.解题点拨：同位语从句的引导词有时与它所解释说明的名词被其他成分隔开，构成分隔式同位语从句。 (二) 选用whether或that填空6. There is no doubt _ he will keep his promise. 7. We have some doubt _ they can complete the task on time.8. I dont doubt _ you will

29、succeed.9. I doubt _ he will come tonight. 解题点拨：doubt(怀疑)即可作动词，也可作名词，用于肯定句时，其后的宾语从句和同位语从句常用_ 引导(如例7、9)；doubt用于否定句时(不怀疑)，其后的宾语从句和同位语从句常用_引导从句(如例6、8)。在同位语从句中表示“是否”时，只能用_,不能用if。 (三) 选用A. that B. which C. that/which 填空10. The news_ (which/ that) our team has won the match is true. (_从句)11. The news

30、 _ (which/ that) he told me just now is true(_从句)连词“that”引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别：引导从句that在从句中的作用有无意义可否省略可否用which代替从句的作用同位语从句连接词_成分，只起连接作用，_不省略不可代替说明前面名词的具体内容定语从句关系代词_、_、表语，起连接作用，有意义作_语时可省略指_时常可用which代替_或限制先行词【问题拓展，能力提升】一、单项填空1. It is generally considered unwise to giv

31、e a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever2. It is none of your business_ other people think about you. Believe yourself. (2007 福建) A. how B. what C. which D. when3. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007天津) A. this B. that C. it D. th

32、ese4. Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you5. _she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000全国卷)  A. that; what  B. what; why   C. what; because  D. why; that6. W

33、ord came _ Napoleon(拿破仑) himself was coming to inspect them. A. which B. when C. what D. that 7. It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office. (2012年江西卷) A. whether B. where C. which D. that 8. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. (2010 湖南卷) A. where B. whether C. that D. why9. I pre