the beauty of art

1、 Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci was one of the greatest creative minds of the Italian Renaissance. He was not only hugely influential as an artist and sculptor but also talented as an engineer, scientist and inventor. He was widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time. He w

2、as born on 15 April, 1452 near the town of Vinci in Florence. In about 1483, he moved to Milan to work as an engineer, sculptor, painter and architect. Da Vinci remained in Milan until the city was invaded by the French in 1499. He may have visited Venice before returning to Florence. During his tim

3、e in Florence, he painted several portraits 肖像画, but the only one that survives is The Mona Lisa. It is primarily as a painter that Leonardo was and is renowned. Two of his works, the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper occupy unique positions as the most famous, most reproduced and most imitated portrait

4、 and religious painting of all time, their fame approached only by Michelangelos Creation of Adam. Leonardos drawing of the Vitruvian Man is also iconic. Perhaps fifteen paintings survive, the small number due to his constant, and frequently disastrous, experimentation with new techniques, and his c

5、hronic procrastination. Nevertheless these few works, together with his notebooks, which contain drawings, scientific diagrams, and his thoughts on the nature of painting, comprise an unmatched contribution to later generations of artists. As an engineer, Leonardo conceived ideas vastly ahead of his

6、 own time, conceptualising a helicopter, a tank, concentrated solar power, a calculator, and the double hull, and outlining a rudimentary theory of plate tectonics. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or even feasible during his lifetime, but some of his smaller inventions such as an auto

7、mated bobbin winder and a machine for testing the tensile strength of wire entered the world of manufacturing unheralded. As a scientist, he greatly advanced the state of knowledge in the fields of anatomy, civil engineering, optics, and hydrodynamics. 一般说来，“老师概念之形成经历了非常漫长的历史。杨士勋唐初学者，四门博士?春秋谷梁传疏?曰：“

8、师者教人以不及，故谓师为师资也。这儿的“师资，其实就是先秦而后历代对老师的别称之一。?韩非子?也有云：“今有不才之子师长教之弗为变其“师长当然也指老师。这儿的“师资和“师长可称为“老师概念的雏形，但仍说不上是名副其实的“老师，因为“老师必需要有明确的传授知识的对象和本身明确的职责。 The Mona Lisa was one of Da Vincis favourite paintings, and he carried it with him until he died. Today, it is regarded as the most famous painting in the wor

9、ld, and is visited by many thousands of people every year.家庭是幼儿语言活动的重要环境，为了与家长配合做好幼儿阅读训练工作，孩子一入园就召开家长会，给家长提出早期抓好幼儿阅读的要求。我把幼儿在园里的阅读活动及阅读情况及时传递给家长，要求孩子回家向家长朗读儿歌，表演故事。我和家长共同配合，一道训练，幼儿的阅读才能进步很快。 The painting, a halflength portrait, depicts a woman with an expression often described as mysterious. Who is

10、 this familiar figure? Many suggestions have been made, but the most likely one is Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a Florentine silk merchant. Another more unlikely but popular theory is that the painting was a selfportrait. There are certainly similarities between the facial features of the Mona Lisa

11、and of the artists selfportrait painted many years later. Could this be why Da Vinci gave the subject such a mysterious smile?我国古代的读书人,从上学之日起,就日诵不辍,一般在几年内就能识记几千个汉字,熟记几百篇文章,写出的诗文也是字斟句酌,琅琅上口,成为满腹经纶的文人。为什么在现代化教学的今天,我们念了十几年书的高中毕业生甚至大学生,竟提起作文就头疼,写不出像样的文章呢?吕叔湘先生早在1978年就锋利地提出:“中小学语文教学效果差,中学语文毕业生语文程度低,十几年上课

12、总时数是9160课时,语文是2749课时,恰好是30%,十年的时间,二千七百多课时,用来学本国语文,却是大多数不过关,岂非咄咄怪事!寻根究底,其主要原因就是腹中无物。特别是写议论文,初中程度以上的学生都知道议论文的“三要素是论点、论据、论证,也通晓议论文的根本构造:提出问题分析问题解决问题,但真正动起笔来就犯难了。知道“是这样,就是讲不出“为什么。根本原因还是无“米下“锅。于是便翻开作文集锦之类的书大段抄起来,抄人家的名言警句,抄人家的事例,不参考作文书就很难写出像样的文章。所以,词汇贫乏、内容空洞、千篇一律便成了中学生作文的通病。要解决这个问题,不能单在布局谋篇等写作技方面下功夫,必须认识到

13、“死记硬背的重要性,让学生积累足够的“米。语文课本中的文章都是精选的比较优秀的文章,还有不少名家名篇。假如有选择循序渐进地让学生背诵一些优秀篇目、精彩段落,对进步学生的程度会大有裨益。如今,不少语文老师在分析课文时,把文章解体的支离破碎,总在文章的技巧方面下功夫。结果老师费力,学生头疼。分析完之后,学生收效甚微,没过几天便忘的一干二净。造成这种事倍功半的为难场面的关键就是对文章读的不熟。常言道“书读百遍,其义自见,假如有目的、有方案地引导学生反复阅读课文,或细读、默读、跳读,或听读、范读、轮读、分角色朗读,学生便可以在读中自然领悟文章的思想内容和写作技巧,可以在读中自然加强语感,增强语言的感受

14、力。久而久之,这种思想内容、写作技巧和语感就会自然浸透到学生的语言意识之中,就会在写作中自觉不自觉地加以运用、创造和开展。 Da Vinci used a technique known as sfumato 渲染层次 the blurring 使模糊不清 of sharp edges by mixing colours to leave the corners of the eyes and the mouth in shadow. It is this technique that makes the Mona Lisas expression ambiguous. Today, the Mona Lisa looks rather s