中级口译第五讲5-内部资料-讲义

1、中译第5讲3.14 英语从句的翻译 3.14.1 名词性从句的翻译顺序法 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导词：what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why. if It is a pity that he has missed the lecture. 很可惜，他错过了讲座。 It is strange that he should have left without saying 'goodbye'. 真奇怪，他居然不辞而别了。 3.14.2 状语从句的翻译 汉语逻辑顺序：先一般，后特殊；先原因

2、，后结果；先条件，后结果；先事实，后结论；时间分句和让步分句在先，补充说明置后。 He came early so that he could sit in the front. 为了能坐前排，他来得很早。 He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard. 他尽力大声叫喊，好让别人听见。 I was absent from the meeting because l wasn't informed of it. 我不知道要开会，所以才缺席的。 After I had been at Starbucks

3、 for a year, I had an experience that changed my life. 进入星巴克咖啡连锁公司一年之后，发生了一件事，我的人生又有了大转变。 I was reading such an interesting book that I couldn't stop until I came to the end. 我读的书非常有趣，我手不释卷，一直读到结尾。 At the time, I did not consider this a luxury, although today it certainly would be. 这一切在现在看来已经是一种

4、奢望，然而当时的我却不以为然。 But no matter how easily I delivered them at home, as soon as I stepped on stage, every word disappeared from my head. 但是，不管我在家把台词背的多么滚瓜烂熟，只要我一踏上舞台，脑袋里就一片空白。 3.14.3 定语从句的翻译 A. 限定与非限定 The old man has a daughter, who works in the hospital. 这位老人有一个女儿，她在医院工作。老人只有一个女儿 The old man has a da

5、ughter who works in the daughter. 这位老人有一个女儿在医院工作。可能还有其他的女儿在干别的工作 B.方法 a. 译成前置定语 He is not the one who will give up easily. 他不是一个轻易服输的人。 Chances favor the minds that are prepared. 唯有时刻准备的人才能抓住机遇。 A man, who bites others, gets bitten himself 害人者，反害已。b. 把从句独立出来，与主句形成并列结构 I told Tom the story, who then

6、told it to his sister. 我给汤姆讲了这个故事，汤姆又把故事告诉了他姐姐。 The market is exactly a battle field where the final victory always belongs to those brave and intelligent persons. 市场就是战场，胜利永远属于那些勇者、智者。c. 灵活处理关系代词，使句子更通顺 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of though

7、t, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. 希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程有着某种关系，这种观点在人们认识到语言的千差万别之前就在欧洲扎了根。In short, we are for a world in which every people, rooted in their national cultural values, will be receptive to the abundant benefits of other nations. 一句话，我们赞成

8、这样的世界：每个国家的人民都扎根于自己的民族文化宝库之中，有汲取其他国家的丰富的滋养。d. 把定语从句翻译成状语 Students who are taking exams are not allowed to talk with others. 学生在考试时不允许交谈。 Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will e

9、xperience greater intellectual development. 行为主义者的看法是，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长，而这些刺激物又有利于 其适当反应能力的发展，那么，这个儿童的智 力就会发展到较高的水平。 e.主句缩译成主语，从句已成谓语等。 We are peoples that have inherited ancient wisdom, that know the worth of biding one's time and recognized opportunity for combat. 我们人民继承了古代的智慧，懂得如何等待并善于抓住战机。

10、f. “the last +to do；the last+定语从句 This is the last thing l would ever want to do. 译文1：这是我想做的最后一件事情。 译文2：这是我最不愿做的一件事情。 g. but引导定语从句, but=who don't There are few but understand his idea. 几乎没有人不理解他的想法。h. “It is a + 形容词 + 名词+that” “无论怎样的也不” It is a wise man that never makes mistakes. 译文1：永不犯错误的人才是聪明

11、的。 译文2：聪明的人也会犯错误。 It's a long lane that has no turning. 无论怎样长的巷子也有转弯处。 引申：耐心等待终会时来运转。 It's a good horse that never stumbles. 再好的马也有失前蹄的时候。 引申：金无足赤，人无完人。 汉译英 3.14.4 分译法 1防止句意表达不清，合理断句。 上海浦东新区地处中国海岸线中点和长江出海口的交汇处，紧靠繁华的上海市区，背倚物阜民丰的长江三角洲，面对太平洋及东南亚的发达国家和地区，有着得天独厚的地理优势。 the middle of China's co

12、astline where the Changjiang River empties into the sea adjacent to the prosperous downtown area of Shanghai, affluent and populous Yangtze Delta, and faces developed Pacific and Southeast Asian countries and regions enjoys a unique geographic advantage. The Pudong New Area of Shanghai lies at the m

13、iddle of China's coastline where the Changjiang River empties into the sea. As it is adjacent to the prosperous downtown area of Shanghai, borders on the affluent and populous Yangtze Delta, and faces the developed Pacific and Southeast Asian countries and regions, the new area certainly enjoys

14、a unique geographic advantage.2汉语分句之间总分关系，断句处理。 我们必须抓住新的机遇，迎接新的挑战，采取更加有力的措施，以更为积极的姿态扩大对外开放，力争对外贸易和吸收外资有新的增长。 seize new opportunities meet new challenges take effective measures open wider to the outside world more actively expand foreign trade absorb/attract foreign funds/capital foreign investment

15、attraction We must seize new opportunities and meet new challenges. We must take effective measures and open wider to the outside world more actively so as to expand foreign trade and absorb more foreign funds3汉语句子语气发生变化，发生转折，常常断句。采用yet、however、nevertheless等。 在漫长的历史过程中，中国虽然经历过改朝换代、政权更迭，出现过地方割据，遭遇过外敌

16、入侵，特别是近代史上曾饱受外国列强的侵略和瓜分，但统一始终是中国历史发展的主流。 changes of dynasties transfers of governments regional separatist regimes foreign invasions aggression and dismemberment by foreign powers the main development trend Throughout its long history, China has witnessed changes of dynasties, transfers of governmen

17、ts, regional separatist regimes, foreign invasions, and especially the aggression and dismemberment by foreign powers in modern history. Nevertheless, unity has always represented the main development trend in Chinese history。3.14.5 合译法 1分析关系，添加连词时间：when，as，while，as soon as, before，after，since，until

18、 等地点：where原因：because，since，as，seeing that，now that，in that，considering that，given that目的：so that，in order that，lest，in case，for fear that，in thehope that，for the purpose that等结果：so that，in order that, such.that, such that条件：if, unless, as/so long as, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case th

19、at, on occasion that让步：though，although，even if, even though, while, no matter., in spite of the fact that等比较：as，同级比较，than不同级比较，the more.the more.，just as.，A is to B what X is to Y, no han, not A so much as B等方式：as, as if，how, the way等 苏州地处长江下游，气候温和，土地肥沃，再加上湖泊密布、水道纵横，自唐代以来就有“鱼米之乡”的美称。 the lower reach

20、es of the Yangtze River mild climate, fertile soil and numerous lakes waterways across the region an area of fish and rice enjoy the reputation of Suzhou, located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, has enjoyed the reputation of “an area of fish and rice” ever since the Tang Dynasty with its

21、mild climate, fertile soil and numerous lakes and waterways across the region. 桂林山水甲天下，阳朔山水甲桂林。 Guilin landscape tops that elsewhere, and Yangshuo landscape tops that of Guilin. 中国幅员辽阔，各地景色、气候差异很大，可以说一年四季都可以旅游。 China is a vast land with great variations in landscape and climate, so any season of the

22、 year is ideal for tourism 努力实现和平统一，中国人不打中国人。 Since Chinese should not attack Chinese, we must strive for the peaceful reunification of the motherland.西部地域辽阔，交通不发达，首先要进行基础设施的建设。 1. As China's west is a vast land with inconvenient transportation, the top priority is to build infrastructure facili

23、ties 2. Since the western region covers a vast area with poor transport facilities, we should first of all build infrastructure facilities2统一主语，分词连接 汉语中具有因果、转折、假设、条件等意义的分句都可以译作英语的分词结构，但需要注意的是，分词结构的主语要和主句的主语保持一致，防止出现“悬垂分句”( dangling sentences)。 东部地区加快发展，有利于增强国家财力、物力和科技实力，更好地支持中西部地区发展。 Accelerating de

24、velopment of the eastern region will strengthen the country financially, materially, scientifically and technologically, thereby providing more support for the development of the central and western regions中国人民通过辛亥革命推翻了统治中国几千年的君主专制制度，为中国的进步打开了闸门。 The Chinese people launched the Revolution of 1911 th

25、at overthrew the feudal autocracy ruling China for several thousand years, thus opening the door to China's progress.3找关联点，利用定语从句 定语从句Attributive Clauses关系词：who，whom, whose，that，which等 居民贷款按揭购房，切莫轻视房产保险，通过参加房产保险，才能切实使置业投资免除后顾之忧。 Civilians must not ignore the insurance in housing when they buy houses