《跨文化交际》课程典型考点解析

1、跨文化交际课程典型考点解析（3）本资源系根据教材内容及特点， 找出课程学习中必须引起重视的核心考点， 并结合历届考题加以分析， 供学生在自主学习、 期末复习时使用，也可作为教师进行面授教学、归纳课程重点的依据。典型考点3：正误判断题（一）考点扫描正误判断题的目的是为了测验考生对准确理解上下文中反映的观点、 事实并做出准确判断的能力。（二）真题链接1 （ 2007-1）Passage 1In some respects we are like computers that are controlled by operatingsystems ourculture.AnlhropologistsE

2、dwardT.Halland MildredReedHallsuggested thatcultureisa system for creating,sending,storing, and processinginformation. .Sounds rather like the standard definition for a computer, doesntit? This useful metaphor helps us better understand how culture operates, Thinkof yourbody as the hardware ofa comp

3、uter.Computers may have more thanone operatingsystem,such as DOS, Mac,Unix, orWindows. Theyalsohave softwarethatcontrolsspecificapplications, suchas wordprocessing,spreadsheets,and presentations.Whenyou are functioningunderone operatingsystem, say as a European North American,you behave likeothersin

4、thatgroup.Butat timesyou may be controlledby anotheroperating system, say, when you are in a situation where you are functioning as afemale. Society programs men and women to act differently. Gender, race, age,religion,andmany otherfactorsaffectour behavior.Thesefactorsarelikeoperating systems that

5、program us to behave in certain patterns.Just as Unix operating system has trouble communicating with a DOS machine,1so do peoplefrom one culturehave difficultygettingthroughtothosefrom anotherculture,Because individualshave more than one operatingsystem,theydo notalwaysbehaveasexpected.Andjustasope

6、ratingsystemscan controlmany softwareapplications, people are further differentiated by the software application thatmay be operating at any given time. For example, work cultures differ remarkablyfrom oneorganizationtoanother.When peopleconditionedtoworkincasualsurroundingsare placed inworkcultures

7、thataremore formalandregimented,theymay experience culture shock.Theimportantthingtoremember isthatcultureisa powerfuloperatingforcethatconditions the way we think and behave.And yet,we are nottruly computers.Asthinkingindividuals,weareextraordinarilyflexibleandarecapable ofphenomenal change.1.Insom

8、e waypeoplearelikecomputersthat are controlledbyoperatingsystems-culture.2. Society programs men and women of the same culture not to act differently.3. Justas computers withdifferentoperatingsystemshave difficultycommunicatingwitheach other,people fromdifferentculturescannotcommunicatewitheach othe

9、r.4. Gender, race, age, religion, and many other factors are like operating systems that program us to behave in certain patterns.5. In one society,people conditionedto work in casualconditionswillnot be shockedwhen placed in formal work cultures.（三）考点解析Passage 1 中 5 道题均为正误判断题，仔细阅读文章的相关句子即可做出正确判断，其中

10、 1 题可以通过与文章的第一句“In some respects we are like computers that arecontrolled by operating systems our culture.”作比较得出结论为T。第二题可以在第一段的倒数第三句“Society programs men and women to act differently.”中找到答案，结果为F。第三题可以在第二段第一句“Justas Unixoperating system has trouble2communicating with a DOS machine, so do people from

11、 one culture have difficultygetting through to those from another culture, Because individuals have more thanone operating system, they do not always behave as expected.”中找到答案，结果为F。第四题可以在第一段的最后一句“ Gender, race,age, religion,and many otherfactorsaffect our behavior.”找到答案，即T。第五题可以在第二段的最后一句“When people

12、conditionedto work in casualsurroundingsare placedin work culturesthatare moreformal and regimented, they may experience culture shock.“中找到答案，即F。（四）考点拓展包括对文章观点的判断、对单词或词组意思的判断、对句子或句群意思的判断等，在跨文化交际课程考试中全部以阅读短文后进行正误判断的形式考核。请同学们练习以下题目：Passage 2Developing cultural competence often involves changing attitu

13、des. Rememberthat culture is learned. Through exposure to other cultures and through training,you can learn new attitudes and behaviors that help bridge gaps between cultures.Onedesirableattitudeinachievingmuhiculturalsensitivityisthatoftolerance. Close-minded people cannot look beyond their own eth

14、nocentrism. But asglobal markets expand and as our own society becomes increasingly multiethnic,tolerancebecomesespecially.ignificant.Some jobdescriptionsnowincludestatements such as Must be able to interact with et!mically diverse personnel.To improve tolerance, youli want to practice empathy. This

15、 means trying tosee the world throughanothers eyes. Itmeans being less judgmentaland more eagerto seek commonground.For example, one of the most ambitiouscross-culturalbusinessprojectsever attemptedjoinedSiemens AG, the giantGerman technologyfirm, withToshibaCorporation5Japan and IBM. Scientistsfrom

16、 each countryworked at the IBMfacility onthe Hudson River inNew York Stateto develop a revolutionary computermemory chip. All sides devoted extra effort to overcoming communication and otherproblems.The Siemens employees had been briefedon America s hamburgerstyleofmanagement. When American managers

17、 must criticize subordinates, they generally3startwithsmalltalk,such as “ How”s thefamily.?That,accordingto theGermans,is the bun on the top of the hamburger. Then they slip in the meat, which is thecriticism. They end with encouraging words, which is the bun on the bottom. WithGermans,saida Siemens

18、 cross-culturaltrainer,allyou get is themeat. And withthe Japanese, it is all the soft stuff - you have to smell the meat. Along thecontinuum of high-context, low-context cultures, you can see that the Germans aremore direct, the Americans are less direct, and the Japanese are very subtle.Recognizin

19、gthese culturaldifferencesenabled the scientiststowork togetherwithgreatertolerance.Theyalsosoughtcommon groundwhentryingtosolvedisagreements,suchasoneinvolvingworkspace.TheToshibaresearcherswereaccustomedtoworkinginbigcrowdedareaslikeclassroomswhereconstantsupervisionand interactiontookplace. But IBMersworkedinsmallisolatedoffices.The solution was to knock out some walls for cooperative work areas while alsoretainingsmallerofficesforthose who wanted them.Insteadof passingjudgment andtellingthe Japanesethatsolitaryworkspacesarethe best way forseriousthinkersto concen