{人教版}高中英语必修三Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars训练卷(一)(带答案)

1、2019-2020学年高一下学期训练卷必修三 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars英 语 （一）（本卷满分100分）一、单词拼写（每小题1.5分，共15分）1 .Today all of us face the problems of（ 气候）change, shortage of energy and other natural resources.2 .A family- friendly（ 气氛）in this hotel makes travelers comfortable.3 .A truck went out of control

2、and（ 碰撞）into the back of a bus.4 .As we all know, Qiesenan Xu is a famous（ 物理学家）.1.1 n old times people had a（理论）that the world was flat.6 .They have almost spent as much as one（十亿）dollars on this project.7 .Because of the（猛烈的）natural disaster, a lot of people have lost their lives.8.People sufferin

3、g hunger still（ 存在）in many parts of the world today.9.Smoking is（有害的）to health, but there are still many people picking it up.10.Some people are still（迷惑的）about how the computer works.二、单句语法填空（每小题 1.5分，共15分）11. Mary is very proud because her father is astronaut.12. They don ' t allow（park） in fr

4、ont of the office.13. It ' s your turn（give） a presentation in front of the class.14. Tom, as well as his parents,（watch） TV at present.15. It seems to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.16. It is uncertain side effects the medicine will bring.17. It is still under discuss

5、ion the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.18. struck me most in the movie was the father' s deep love for his son.19. He arrived home , （exhaust）.20. China is one of the countries most affected by（globe） warming.三、翻译句子（每小题2分，共20分）21. （太空旅行所需的）is careful preparations.2

6、2. It will soon be announced （谁获得第一名）.23. （杨利伟从太空中安然着陆地球） made all Chinese exited and cheerful.24. It is still unknown （他什么时候入党的）25. （宇航员在太空中如何吃饭、睡觉和 行走）is very strange and interesting.26. （地球与其它行星在哪方面不同）is what aremost interested in.27. It remains a secret （他为什么突然变圭卜）28. （何时战争才会从世上消失）is hard to say

7、.29. （最令人满意的是 ）was that they finished the work in time.30. （怎样提高我们的学习成绩） is what we are most concerned about.四、阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分）AThe Mystery of Dark MatterIf you look at the night sky, you'll often see stars moving very quickly. In fact, they move much more quickly than they should according to

8、 their size and the laws of physics. Scientists do not completely understand why the speed of these stars is so high. But many believe the reason is that much of the universe is made up of something called dark matter”. Groups of stars called galaxies, such as the Milky Way, might even consist of ni

9、nety per cent dark matter.How much something weighs depends on where it is. The same object weighs only half as much onMars as it does on Earth and almost three times as much on Jupiter. So scientists prefer to talk about the mass of something rather than how much it weighs, because mass does not ch

10、ange. They can work out the mass of galaxies by measuring the distance between them and the speed they move. Recently, Dr. Jorge Penarrubia and a team from Edinburgh University discovered something interesting. The mass of the Milky Way is only half as much as the mass of another nearby galaxy, Andr

11、omeda. This seems strange, but dark matter may explain why.Finding out more about dark matter could help us understand how the universe began, but this is not easy. Lots of scientists with different types of expert knowledge are working on the problem. The Edinburgh team is working with many other u

12、niversities like the University of British Columbia.We can't see dark matter, it's very difficult to measure and we can't find out its mass. Unlike stars, dark matter doesn't produce or reflect light. But we can make a good guess that it is there because of the way things move and th

13、e way light bends. Experts now think dark mater may be very different from the mater which we find on Earth. There may also be five times as much dark matter in the universe as ordinary matter.The Swiss scientist Fritz Zwicky first gave dark matter its name in the nineteen-thirties. Researchers have

14、 been looking for it ever since. Today, technology such as the Large Hadron Collider is collecting more and more information but this technology cannot tell us everything. New ways of finding dark matter will be needed. Investigating dark matter may even mean we will need to start asking questions a

15、bout the way we look at the universe, including the ideas of Albert Einstein.31. In what way do scientists find out the mass of galaxies ?A . Depending on where they are.B. Depending on how much they weigh.C. According to the way they move and the laws of physics.D. By calculating how far between th

16、em and how fast they move.32. Which of the following statements about dark matter is NOT TRUE ?A. It can't be seen.C. It is not unlike ordinary matter.D. It affects the movement of things.33. What may get researchers looking for dark matter ?A. To change the way light bends.B. To prove the ideas

17、 of Albert Einstein.C. To collect more and more information.D. To help understand the origin of the universe.34. Which heading best matches Paragraph 5?A. It's there but we can't see it.B. Sharing ideas leads to success.C. We may need to change the way we think.D. What your eyes can see can&

18、#39;t be fully explained.BAstronomers have taken the first ever image of a black hole, which is located in a distant galaxy ( 星 系).The black hole is 500 million trillion km away and was photographed by a network of eight telescopes across the world. It was captured by the Event Horizon Telescope (EH

19、T).The announcement was made in Washington, Brussels, Santiago, Shanghai, Taipei and Tokyo. Details have been published today in Astrophysical Journal Letters.Prof Heino Falckc, of Radboud University in the Netherlands, who suggested the experiment, told BBC News that the black hole was found in a g

20、alaxy called M87. What we see is larger than the size of our entire Solar System, " he said. It has a mass 6.5 billion times that of the Sun. And it is one of the heaviest black holes that we think exists. It is an absolute monster, the heavyweight champion of black holes in the Universe.”B. It

21、 doesn't reflect light.distance from Earth. The edge of the dark circle at the center is the point at which the gas enters the blackThe image shows an intensely bright ring of fire”, as Prof Falckc describes it, surrounding a perfectly circular dark hole. The bright halo is caused by very heated

22、 gas falling into the hole. The light is brighter than all the billions of other stars in the galaxy combined - which is why it can be seen at such hole, which is an object that has such a large gravitational pull （ 万有弓 | 力），not even light can escape.It is remarkable that the image we observe is so

23、similar to that which we get from our theoretical calculations. So far, it looks like Einstein is correct once again." said Dr Ziri Younsi, of University College London -who is part of the EHT cooperation.Chinese scientists were involved in the observation through a telescope in Hawaii. They we

24、re also highly involved in follow-up data processing and theoretical analysis, said Shen Zhiqiang, head of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Shanhai Astronomical Observatory and a member of the EHT international team.Shanghai and Taipei were selected as two of the cities to hold news conferences,

25、 together with Washington, Brussels, Santiago and Tokyo, recognition of China's contribution.In the fields of astronomy, radio astronomy, and space astrophysics, China has made a significant contribution to this global project, “ Falcke said.35. Who first got the idea for the project?A. Shen Zhi

26、qiang.B. Heino Falcke.C. Albert Einstein.D . Ziri Younsi.36. Why are six cities selected for the announcement?A. It was the first black hole ever discovered.B. It took eight telescopes to work together.C. It was a joint effort of many countries.D. It's the heaviest of black holes.37. From the pa

27、ssage we know that in the experiment Chinese scientists.A . started the experimentB. led the experimentC. provided the equipmentD. played an important role38. What does Dr Ziri Younsi tell us about black holes in Paragraph 5?A . Black holes can swallow up everything in the Universe.B. Scientists kne

28、w about black holes before they see them. C. Einstein has been proved wrong many times.D. Black holes might be some make-up stories.五、完形填空（每小题 1.5分，共30分）Today, I was sitting with some other students and teachers as the judges of the annual singing contest of Beijing National Day School （BNDS）. Watch

29、ing the wonderful performances on stage, I could not help 39 what happened last year.Last year was the first year I came to the BNDS International Department. The first month at BNDS was almost a （n）40: Curiosity quickly 41, replaced by a heavy workload. To make mattersworse, I was 42 a total strang

30、er in a new environment. When I was in trouble, I was too 43 to turn to anyone for help. I shut the door to the outside world.I thought I might continue to 44 in darkness by myself, until one day, I saw the 45 of the annual singing contest. If I was not brave enough to communicate in words, maybe I

31、could 46 my heart out. Having made my decision, I joined the audition （试镜）.Luckily, I 47 among more than100 contestants and entered the top 32. After another three rounds of competition, I made 48 to the finals together with three other contestants. 49 more and more students knew that I joined the c

32、ontest, they went to watch my performance, volunteered to 50 for me and then shared my singing videos on social media. It seemed that I became well-known overnight.Finally, the big day came. When I 51 the nerve to walk onstage, I could not believe my eyes.The dark theater was suddenly lit up by 52 s

33、ticks, which were like stars in a dark sky."（Becky! ” A shout broke the silence, foowed by kind laughter. When it became 53 again, I began to sing.The music started, which drew me back to 54. Now I might not remember clearly what songsI sang last year, but I would never forget the 55 in the dar

34、kness. From then on, I had my .56 ,made friends, and I even joined the singing club. Singing opens the door 57 a brand-new world. I know I will stay at BNDS, and I won58 t be39. A.scanningB.recallingC. evaluatingD.conveying40. A.disasterB.turningC. growthD,alarm41. A.distributedB.splitC. existedD,fa

35、ded42. A.practicallyB.vitallyC. elegantlyD.digitally43. A.exhaustedB.shallowC. shyD.sharp44. A.struggleB.sacrificeC. withdrawD.crash45. A.detailB.sampleC. applicationD.poster46. A.dialB.singC. tryD.let47. A.broke outB.came outC. stood outD.chewed out48. A.myselfB.itC. themD,itself49. A.AsB.ThoughC.

36、WhileD,When50. A.approveB.applaudC. voteD,qualify51. A.filled inB.swelled upC. wound upD.got up52. A.circulatingB.linkingC. crossingD.waving53. A.stableB.quietC. dullD.calm54. A.truthB.factC. realityD.case55. A.lightsB.devicesC. receiversD. circumstances56. A.companionsB.fansC. opponentsD.receptioni

37、sts57. A.ofB.inC. toD.on58. A.accessibleB.casualC. abnormalD,alone2019-2020学年高一下学期训练卷必修三 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars英 语（一）答案一、单词拼写（每小题1.5分，共15分）1. climate2. atmosphere3. crashed4. physicist5. theory6. billion7.violent8.exist9. harmful10.puzzled二、单句语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）11. an 12 , parking

38、13. to give 14. is watching 15, that16. what 17, whether / if 18. What19.exhausted 20.global三、翻译句子（每小题2分，共20分）21. What is needed for the space trip22. who will come out first / take / get the first place23. That Yang Liwei landed on the earth safe from space24. when he joined the Partysuggested the

39、experiment, told BBC News that the black hol e was found in a galaxy called M87. 荷兰内25 . How astronauts eat, sleep and walk in space26 . Where the earth is different from / differs from other planets27 . Why he suddenly changed his mind28 . When war will disappear from the world29 . What satisfied u

40、s most / What made us most satisfied / What was most satisfying30 . How we can improve our studies四、阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分）31-34 DCDC本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了人们对宇宙中的黑暗物质的认知及研究。31 .细节理解题。 根据第二段第四句"They can work out the mass of galaxies by measuring the distancebetween them and the speed they move. ”可知科学家们根据星星

41、之间的距离和移动速度计算出银河 系的质量。故D项正确。32 .细节理解题。 根据第四段最后一句"There may also be five times as much dark matter in the universeas ordinary matter.句知黑暗物质和普通的物质并不相同。故C项说法是错误的。所以选择C项。33 .推理判断题。根据第三段前两句"Finding out more about dark matter could help us understand howthe universe began, but this is not easy. L

42、ots of scientists with different types of expert knowledge are working on the problem.可知很多不同领域的科学家研究黑暗物质是因为它可以帮助我们理解宇宙 的起源，也就是帮助我们理解宇宙。34,段落大意题。根据本段三四句"Today, technology such as the Large Hadron Col lider is collectingmore and more information but this technology cannot tell us everything. New

43、ways of finding dark matter will be needed.可知the Large Hadron Collider等并不能告诉我们与黑暗物质相关的所有信息， 我们需要新的研究方法。C项与本段中心思想一致，故选择 C项。35-38 BCDB本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍的是黑洞”的拍摄和科学家们为之做出的贡献。35 .细节理解题。根据第三段中Prof Heino Falckc, of Radboud University in the Netherlands, who梅亨大学的Heino Falckc教授提出了这个实验，他告诉 BBC新闻，这个黑洞是在一个名为M87的星

44、系中发现的。”可知，Heino Falcke首先想到这个计划的。故选B。36 .推理判断题。 根据第二段 The announcement was made in Washington, Brussels, Santiago, Shanghai, Taipei and Tokyo. Details have been published today in Astrophysical Journal Letters.”该声明在华盛顿、 布鲁塞尔、圣地亚哥、上海、台北和东京发表。详细内容已于今天发表在天体物理学杂志通讯上。”可知，之所以选择 6个城市发布公告，是因为这是许多国家的共同努力。故选Co

45、37 .推理判断题。根据最后段In the fields of astronomy, radio astronomy, and space astrophysics,China has made a significant contribution to this global project, “ Falcke saidB天文学、 射电天文学和空 间天体物理学领域，中国为这个全球项目做出了重大贡献。可知，从文章中我们知道，在实验中， 中国科学家发挥了重要作用。故选 Do38 .推理判断题。 根据第五段中 It is remarkable that the image we observe i

46、s so similar to that which we get from our theoretical calculations. So far, it looks like Einstein is correct once again." said Dr Ziri Younsi.值得注意的是，我们观察到的图像与我们从理论计算中得到的非常相似。到目前为止，看来爱因斯坦又一次是正确的。可知，Ziri Younsi博士在第五段告诉了我们科学家们在看到黑洞之前就知道它们了。故选 Bo五、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）39-43 BADAC 44-48 ADBCB 49-53 A

47、CDDB 54-58CABCD本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中回忆了刚开始在BNDS遇到的困境。之后作者看到了BNDS的大赛海报，作者决定参加比赛，唱出心声。最后作者获得成功，收获了朋友。作者不再孤独。39 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着台上精彩的表演，我禁不住想起去年发生的事情。scanning 浏览；recalling回忆起；evaluating评估；conveying传达。根据句意可知 B选项正确。40 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：在 BNDS的第一个月对我来说简直就是灾难：好奇心消失， 取而代之的是沉重的工作负担。disaster灾难；turning旋转，转向；growth成长；alarm警

48、报。根据后文 Curiosity quickly, replaced by a heavy workload. To make matters worse, I was atotal stranger in a new environment.可知当时工作压力大，对环境很陌生等让作者感觉很糟糕，因此A选项符合语境。41 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：在 BNDS的第一个月对我来说简直就是灾难：好奇心消失了， 取而代之的是沉重的工作负担。distributed分发；split分裂；existed出现；faded消退。根据句意可知D选项符合语境。42 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，在这个新环境

49、里，我几乎就是个陌生人。A. practically 实际上，几乎；B. vitally关键地；C. elegantly优雅地；D. digitally以数字方式。根据句意可知 A 选项符合语境。43 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我处于困境之中的时候，我太害羞了，就没向别人求助。 我把通向外部世界的门关上了。exhausted疲劳的；shallow浅的；shy害羞的；sharp尖锐的。由上文可知，作者是一个新人，所以应该是感到害羞”。故选Co44 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为我会继续独自在黑暗中挣扎，直到有一天，我看到了每 年一度歌唱大赛的海报。struggle奋斗；sacrfice牺牲；withdraw撤退；crash撞击。上句 When I