高中英语人教版必修二Unit3课文内容(20190419175607)

1、-必修二Unit3课文内容1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.本句是由并列连词 and 连接的并列句。 and 后的句子中 before 引导时间状语从句。 before 引导时间状语从句before 引导时间状语从句时可以根据语境译作“过了, （时间）才, ”，“还没来得及 , 就 , ”或“在 , 之前”。 before 常用于以下句型中： It was + 时间段 + be

2、fore. “过了 , 才, ”，从句常用一般过去时。 It was not long before . “不久就 , ” ，从句常用一般过去时。 It will not be long before.“不久就会 , ” ，从句常用一般现在时。 It will be +时间段+ before. “要过 , 才, ”，从句常用一般现在时。It was five days before he came back.It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.It will not be long before they un

3、derstand each other.It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.练习：1. It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester.A. thatB. untilC. sinceD. before2. Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.3. Someone called me u

4、p in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone.A. asB. sinceC. untilD. before4.He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.A. untilB. whenC. beforeD. as5.It was some time _ we realized the truth.A. whenB. untilC. sinceD. before6.The American Civil

5、 War lasted four years _ the North won in the end.A. afterB. beforeC. whenD. then7. Why didn t you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word.8. How long do you think it will be_ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? Perhaps two or three years.2. Anyhow, my goal

6、 is to provide humans with a life of high quality.本句为简单句。my goal 为主语；动词不定式短语to provide.为表语； of high quality作定语，修饰a life.“ of +名词”结构“ of + 名词”结构可在句中作表语、定语和补语。该结构可分为两类：-C. of great use- 名词有相应的形容词时，“ of + 名词”可转化为相应的形容词。这类名词有value, use,important, help, interest, benefit等。它们可用 no, some, any, little, much

7、, great等词修饰。They are of great help ( = very helpful) to English learners.In fact, sports can be of great benefit (=very beneficial) to our health. 名次没有相应的形容词时，“ of + 名词”没有相应的形容词形式。常见的名词有age,size, color, weight, quality, height, price, opinion, shape, kind, way等，这些名词前的限定词常为 a, an, the same等。Mr. Smith

8、, my teacher, is of the same opinion.We are of the same age.Tom is of a different way of thinking.练习： This book by Tony Garrision is _ for our course.But I think his latest one is better worth reading.A. uselessB. of no useD. great useful完成句子这项工程对每个人都大有好处。This project is _ (benefit) to everyone.同时，性

9、别差异的主题也很有趣。Also, the topic of sex differences is _ (interest).在这个地区，我们学校的教学质量是最好的。Our school education is _ (quality) in this area.3. As time sent by I did research into how to make my radio.本句中 as time sent by为 as 引导的时间状语从句，how to make my radio作介词 into 的宾语。 as 引导的时间状语从句 as 引导时间状语从句，意为“随着，当, ”，强调主从句

10、的谓语动作同时发生。As shots rang, people could be seen running out of the building. as 引导比较状语从句，意为“像, 一样”。He is as old as I (am). as 引导方式状语从句，意为“照, 的方式”。When in Rome, do as the Romans do. as 引导原因状语，意为“因为，由于”。”As she has no car, she cantget there easily. as 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，此时从句需用部分倒装结构。Happy as/though they

11、 were, there was something missing.Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.练习： Stupid _ it sounds, I was so in love with her that I believed her. Lessons can be learned to face the future, _ history cannot be changed.A. thoughB. asC. sinceD. unless完成句子我们最好快一点，因为天就要黑了。We had better hurry, _.-尽管她已经很累了，但

12、她想睡觉是没有指望的。_, there was no hope of her being able to sleep. 详细的调查显示多达50% 的病人没有遵照指示服药。Carefulsurveys have indicated that as many as 50% of patients do not take drugs_. (direct)4. She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.本句为主从复合句。she has seen while watching h

13、uman games是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句， 修饰先行词 moves ；该定语从句中的while watching human games 为时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式应为while she was watching human games. 状语从句的省略省略现象一般出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when, while, as, before, after, till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由 whether, if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由 though, although, even if, whatever等引导的让步状语从句

14、；由 as, than 等引导的比较状语从句；由 as, as if, as though 等引导的方式状语从句。遵循以下原则：当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句中含有be 动词的某种形式时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be 动词。这时从句中可出现如下结构：连词 + 名词 /形容词 /介词短语While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.Work hard when (you are) young, or you ll regret.When/While (I was) on my way to work, I m

15、et her. 连词 + 现在分词（现在分词与主句主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，作且现在分词表示的动与主句谓语动作同时发生）While (I was) waiting, I was reading some magazines. 连词+ 过去分词（过去分词与主句主语为逻辑上的动宾关系）When (it is) heated, ice can be changed into water. 连词 + 不定式 （构成不定式的动词与主句主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，且不定式表示的动作即将发生）He stood up as if (he was) to say something.当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但

16、从句主语是it 时，从句又含有be 动词的某种形式时，可以把it 和 be 动词一同省略。If (it is) necessary, Ill come tomorrow.练习：The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, _, reaching 30 insummer.A. if notB. if everC. if anyD. if so用括号内词的适当形式填空 While _ (visit) the city, they received a warm welcome Once _ (begin), it must

17、be done well. When _ (ask) to answer questions, you should stand up. He often makes mistakes when _ (speak) English. Unless _ (repair), the machine is of no use.- She stood at the gate as if _ (wait) for someone.完成句子： He ll go to the seaside for his holiday if _ possible. He opened the box, as if _

18、in search of something important.5. After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I m all about!本句是主从复合句，介词短语with the help of.中含有which 引导的定语从句，先行词为brain ；using my intelligence is what I m all about 是句子的主干部分， 其中动名词短语 using my intelligence

19、作主语， what I m all about 是 what 引导的表语从句。 动名词（短语）做主语 单个的动名词（短语）做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，一般来说，动名词（短语）做主语表示习惯性、经常性的动作。Talking is an art.Learning English well is not easy. 动名词（短语）作主语时，通常用it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。此类的常用句型有：It is +no use/good doing sth.做某事没用uselessdoing sth. 做某事没用 worthwhile/worth doingsth. 做某事是值得的It

20、 is no use waiting here.It is no good/use complaining.It s worthwhile helping others. important, necessary, possible, impossible, essential 等形容词用于形式主语结构中，用动词不定式充当真正主语。It s important to learn foreign languages. 动名词与动词不定式都可以做主语或宾语。动名词通常表示习惯性、经常性的行为；动词不定式则往往表示具体的一次性的动作。I like swimming, but I dontlike t

21、o swim this afternoon.练习：用括号内词的适当形式填空 _ (say) is easier than _. Its no use _ (cry) over the split milk. Its necessary _ (keep) the room clean. _ (finish) the task in such a short time is hard for me. _ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection an

22、d emotions.A. UnderstandingB. To be understoodC. Being understoodD. Having understood现在完成时的被动语态1. 现在完成时的被动语态的形式现在完成时的被动语态的基本构成是：have/has been done。但在不同的句式中，其具体形式-B. was reachedD. will have reached-也有所不同。肯定句形式主语+ have/has been done +其他The bridge over the Yellow River has just been completed.The chick

23、en has been stewed for two hours.否定句形式主语+ have/has not been done +其他They haven tbeen told the exciting new yet, have they?The second-hand car has not been sold.一般疑问句形式Have/Has +主语+ been done +其他Has her work been finished?Yes, it has.特殊疑问句形式特殊疑问词+ have/has +主语+ been done +其他How long has the machine b

24、een used?2. 现在完成时的被动语态用法表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already, yet, never, recently等副词及时间状语so far, by now, up till now, since等连用。The room has alreadybeen cleaned.(现在已不用打扫房间)The doctor hasn tbeen sent for yet.（现在应派人去请医生）真题： Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _ so far by th

25、e two sides.A. has been reachedC. will reach Shakespeare s play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years.A. had been madeB. was madeC. has been madeD. would be made Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _before leaving their hometowns.A

26、. promisedB. were promisedC. have promisedD. have been promised表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since 等引出的时间状语（从句）连用，或用于how long 引出的句子中。The machine has been repaired for two hours.How long has the project been carried out?用在条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。We ll start as soon as the work has been finishe

27、d.真题：We won tstart the work until all the preparations _.A. are being madeB. will be madeC. have been madeD. had been made从句中的动作若要表示比谓语动作之前发生，遵循以下原则：主句：一般现在时/一般将来时从句：现在完成时-D. had treated-主句：一般过去时从句：过去完成时3. 现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have/has 和 been ，缺一不可。现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个

28、被动的动作发生在过去某个时间，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响（或产生了结果）。The big fire was put out two hours ago.The big fire has been put out.真题： I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but _ thankfully by the shopwindow.A. am held backB. held backC. hold backD. was held back

29、Did you enjoy the party?Yes, we _ well by our hosts.A. were treatedB. would be treatedC. treated The diamond mine _ accidentally by a little boy when he was playing hide-and-seek.A. discoveredB. was discoveredC. has been discoveredD. would discovered finish, buy, start, begin, return, borrow, join,

30、open等非延续性动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。这个工程开始多久了？【误】 How long has this project been started?【正】 How long ago was this project started?只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，讲主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，例如：主动： We have built many bridges in the past ten years.被动： Many bridges have been built (by us) in the past ten years. 带有双宾语的动词，如：giv

31、e, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, sell, buy,ask, pay, lend, offer, hand, pass, get, promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保持不变，但要注意间接宾语与介词的搭配。主动： He has sent me an e-mail.被动： I have been sent an e-mail.被动： An e-mail has been sent to me. 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持其完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或

32、副词。It is said that the problem has been looked into.练习：I 将主动句变为被动句或被动句变为主动句1. My father has repaired the TV set._2. The teacher has borrowed the books._3. They have asked him some questions._-4. The cake has been eaten by him._5. The house has been set fire to by him._II. 用所给词的适当形式填空1. A lot of surv

33、ivors _ (rescue) by the soldiers in that area where the earthquake happened since yesterday.2. The topic _ (talk) about for a long time on the Internet.3. Why not go into the reading room? The door _ (lock).4. _ your new novel _ (translated) into English recently?5. The sports meeting of our school _ (put