中考英语语法第十四讲--定语从句

1、12限制性定语从句考点与学习方法限制性定语从句考点与学习方法学习方法：拆分法连接词从句的单复数与主被动3定语从句的连接词考点（关系副词、关系代词）基础考点:对人、物分别做主格、宾格的考点（主格两个写法两个写法、宾格四个写法）四个写法）That问题（问题（1、that对主格、宾格互换对主格、宾格互换2、that的三加三不加）的三加三不加）连接词的省略问题（必须同时满足对宾格提问、介词后置)宾格时的介词前置与后置关系代词与关系副词的区别(where为代表的重点句型）456定语从句- 啥叫定语:修饰方式也 啥叫从句 啥叫定语从句我的书我的书红色的书红色的书在桌子上在桌子上的书的书我放在桌我放在桌子上

2、的书子上的书正在移动正在移动的桌子的桌子被移动的被移动的桌子桌子My bookThe red bookThe book on the tableThe book that I put on the tableThe moving tableThe table movingThe moved table The table moved人称代词+nAdj+ nN+介词短语N+定语从句N+ vingN+ ved8 主谓宾状-解释状语-练习调顺序 解释定语概念-有名词的地方就有定语 汉语修饰方式统统前置 英语修饰方式-形容词前置，其他统统放名词后面9 定语定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词分词、

3、不定式不定式、介词短语介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例） 例： Mary is a beautiful girl. The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk. 101112拆分法拆、找、合 一个戴眼镜的女孩在上课 拆：拆成有同一个字的两个句子。 一个女孩在上课，这个女孩戴眼镜。 找：找同一字 翻译句子 the girl is having class; the girl wears glasses 根据特殊疑问句的知识，在第二句找出特殊疑问词 the girl wears gl

4、asseswho 合：把特殊疑问句紧挨着同一字放上去 The girl who wears glasses is having class13拆分法学定语从句 这个戴眼镜的学生在吃饭 拆：拆成有两个同一词的两个句子 这个学生在吃饭，这个学生戴眼镜 The student is having dinner, the student wears glasses 找: the student wears glasses-who 合: The student who wears glasses is having dinner 我们用我05年买的电脑 拆：We use the computer, I

5、bought the computer in 2005. 找： I bought the computer in 2005.which 合； We use the computer which/that/不填 I bought in 2005.14 我在街上遇到了这个我以前在上海交的朋友 我在街上遇到了这个朋友，我以前在上海交朋友 I met the friend on the street. I made the friend in Shanghai. Who/Whom I made in Shanghai. I met the friend who I made in Shanghai o

6、n the street 他喜欢这个以前唱流行歌曲的主持人host 他喜欢这个主持人，他以前唱流行歌 He likes the host. The host sang pop songs. He likes the host who sang pop songs. .15对物的定语从句 提高练习：请写全下列从句的连接词 他们享受了你们给的礼物 They enjoyed the gifts which you gave. They enjoyed the gifts that you gave. They enjoyed the gifts you gave.(不填) 分析: 对物，宾格情况下，

7、有三种连词which/ that/不填 汤姆收到了一份从伦敦邮寄来的卡片send Tom received a card. The card was sent in London. Tom received a card which/that was sent in London. 16对状语的拆分 例: 我们参观了鲁迅曾经居住过的房子. 拆：We visited the house. Luxun lived in the house. 找：Luxun lived in the house where 合: We visited the house where Luxun lived. 难点:

8、 学习判断地点时，到底是宾语还是状语。宾语成分用which; 地点状语成分用where. 例: 我们待在据说是鲁班建造的房子里 拆: we stay in the house. It is said that Luban built the house. 找:It is said that Luban built the house.which 合: We stay in the house which it is said that Luban built.17指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语that whichwhowhom关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句

9、中可以：何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略18Whose的用法 例：我喜欢去有悠久历史的地方 拆：I like to visit a place. The places history is long. 概念颠覆： His book whose book. Toms book whose book The places history whose history 找：The places history is long.whose 合: I like to visit a place whose history is long. 例：Do you know the w

10、oman whose name is Mary. 例：Pass me the dictionary of which cover is black. 总结：whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词修饰表示人或物的先行词. 对物可用对物可用whose, of which 两种两种19201)This is the hero( whom/that/who/不填不填) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud .2)She is the girl whom/that/wh

11、o/不填不填I went with there. She is the girl with whom I went there.注意: 固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at v关系代词与介词关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词的前面时介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物, 和和whom代人代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)2122v 有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用而不宜用which 定语从句中需注意事项（一）定语从句中需注意事项

12、（一）231. 从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或 序数词序数词修饰时修饰时,只能用只能用that引导从句引导从句.This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard.The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.242. 先行词是先行词是all, something, nothing, anything不定代词不定代词时时,只能用只能用that. Here is something( tha

13、t) I will tell you. Not all that glitters is gold.253. 先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that引引 出从句出从句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see.264. 先行词是先行词是one of,the one, 或用或用much, little, few, no, any 作修饰，用作修饰，用that Is it the one that you want ? We havent got much that you can offe

14、r us.275. 当当主句主句已有已有疑问词疑问词 who或或which时，时，关系词用关系词用that Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?28 who、that在许多情况下在许多情况下 可以通用，但有时宜用可以通用，但有时宜用who,而不用而不用that 定语从句中需注意事项（二）定语从句中需注意事项（二）291. 先行词是先行词是one(s), anyone, someone, those 时，关系词使用时，关系词使用who。 Those who want t

15、o go to the Great Wall sign up here.2. 在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词关系词用用who There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.30不能用that的情况 1、非限制性定语从句不用that 2、介词前置时不用that 3、关系副词不用that3132附加部分附加部分 关系副词关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有代词一样，具有 多重

16、作用。多重作用。o 在从句中代替先行词。在从句中代替先行词。o 在从句中在从句中作状语作状语。o 连接作用连接作用33 关系副词关系副词有有三种三种： where: 在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点. when: 在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。why: 在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因。指代原因。 34关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法： 1.where 的用法：的用法：(先行词应是先行词应是地点名词地点名词） The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed at the hotel. We stayedwher

17、e.先行词先行词关系词关系词从句从句=The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.35时间状语when 例:我总是记得我们相遇的那一天 拆：我总是记得那一天。我们相遇在那一天。 I always remember the day. We met on the day. 找：on the day when 合: I always remember the day when we met.36原因状语why固定句型the reason why 例：这就是你总是迟到的原因。 This is the reason why you are late. 例：这就是我邀请你参

18、加晚会的原因。 This is the reason why I invite you to take part in the party.37381Friends are those make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.A. which B. what C. whom D. who2Its quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers for people get off the bus.A. who B.

19、 what C. which D. where3-Barbara, where do you work? -I work for a company sells cars.A. which B. where C. what D. who4-Do you know Hong Zhanhui? -Yes. Hes the college student has moved Chinese people.A. who B. which C. what D. whom39 5Jamie is a young cook wants to improve school dinners. A. who B.

20、 whose C. whom D. which 6- Do you know the girl in red is? -Im not sure. Maybe a teacher. A. when B. how C. where D. what 7Pauls uncle is the man taught us math last year. A. where B. which C. who D. when 8The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a disease has caused many deaths. A. who B. whic

21、h C. whom D. what409Is that the man helped us a lot after the earthquake. A. whose B. which C. when D. who10-The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isnt it? -Yes, it has built many schools those children can study happily. A. where B. when C. which D. what11The panda is a kind of animal

22、can be found only in China. A. who B. whose C. which D. where12_have finished the work can leave.A. Those who B.Any one C. The one who D. which4113I like the music I can dance to. A. that B. whose C. when D. how14-Is the girl is interviewing the manager of that company your friend? -Yes, she is a jo

23、urnalist from CCTV. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose15 I like to visit a place history is long.A. which B. that C. whose D. who16The number of people lost their lives in Indonesian earthquake reached as many as 6200. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose4217a robot is a machine can do some difficult work

24、 instead of man.A. who B. / C. that D. what18-Excuse me, can I have a talk with your manager? -Yes? I am just the man you are looking for. A. whose B. what C. who D. which19Rosa likes music is quiet and gentle. A. when B. that C. where D. who20The book he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. / B

25、. why C. when D. what43 21 Im a football fan. Im interested in everything is about the 2006 World Cup. A. who B. that C. where D. when 22My parents usually buy me some simple clothes can last a long time. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose 23-Do you like the red car is made in Tianjin? -Sure, it looks terrific. A. where B. who C. which D. when441.D.考点分析:先行词之人且在从句中作主语是，关系代词用who.2.A.考点分析:people是定语从句的先行词，指人，且在定语从句中作主语，故关系代词用who.3.A.考点分析:先行词是a company, 所以关系代词用which.4.A.考点分析:先行词是the college student大学生，是指人，且在从句中作主语，故选择who.5.A.考点分析:先行词是J