中科院博士英语真题20003-200610

1、真题37中国科学院2000Prat Structure & Vocabulary (25 minutes, 15 points)Section A (0. 5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or words below each sentence that best complete the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scor

2、ing Answer Sheet.16. Much I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her for thoroughness, whatever the job.A. when B. more C. farther D. as17. To support the general statement in the first sentence, each sentence in the paragraph provides a different example.A. relevant B. subsequent C. coh

3、erent D. antecedent18. A hefty 50% of those from ages 18 to 34 told the pollsters in the TIME/CNN survey that they “feminist” values.A. share B. regard C. attach D. dominate19. I was not alone in my knowledge; the woman had also seen my father's eyes gleaming with pride.A. contracted B. conteste

4、d C. contented D. contrasted20. the writer's craft through a consideration of rhetorical patterns is a useful way to study writing.A. Exploring B. Exploiting C. Employing D. Embodying21. The first two assumptions made about the of TV were dead wrong: that it would bury radio and it would be a th

5、reat to movies.A. recession B. advent C. diversity D. bias22. An education should enable a student to get a better job than he would be able to find or fill.A. consequently B. nevertheless C. otherwise D. anyhow23. In addition to being physically sick, my dad was in the midst of a nervous though non

6、e of us knew to call it that at the time.A. breakup B. breakdown C. breakthrough D. breakout24. Although they are very succinct-that is why they caught on-cliches are wasted words because they are expressions rather than fresh ones.A. stale B. stainless C. stable D. spotted25. Though Americans do no

7、t currently abortions directly, costs are carried by other Americans through higher insurance premiums.A. implement B. terminate C. prohibit D. subsidize26. There are probably very few cases in which different races have lived in complete in a single country for long periods.A. success B. revenge C.

8、 harmony D. conscience27. In the last century and a half, scientific development has been breathtaking, but the understanding of this progress has not changed.A. incidentally B. dramatically C. rigorously D. temporarily28. It is always useful to have savings to .A. come but in B. bye up toC. make a

9、fuss of D. fall back on29. We seek a society that has a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual.A. at its end B. at its handC. at its core D. at its best30. Modern man is careless when disposing his garbage.A. of B. to C. at D. about31. Negro slavery, many claimed, was good for all .A. c

10、oncerned B. is concerned C. to concern D. that concerns32. To cry over spilled milk is to cry .A. in a vain B. in the vainC. in vain D. in no vain33. “Do you want to see my driver's license or my passport?“Oh, ”A. either does well B. either one will doC. each one is good D. each will be fine34.

11、The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its life, but by its immeasurable difference from life.A. significance in B. imagination atC. resemblance to D. predominance over35. A 50-ft. wave travels at speeds 20 m.p.h., and anyone who's too slow at the approach risks being smashed.A. in exc

12、ess of B. in the reach ofC. in exchange for D. in relation toPart Cloze Test (15 minutes, 15 points)Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the

13、corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Faster than ever before, the human world is becoming an urban world. By the millions they come, the ambitious and the down-trodden of the world drawn by the st

14、range magnetism of urban 46 . For centuries the progress of civilization has been 47 by the rigid growth of cities. Now the world is 48 to pass a milestone: more people will live in urban areas than in the countryside.Explosive population growth 49 a torrent of migration from the countryside are cre

15、ating cities that dwarf the great capitals of the past. By the 50 of the century, there will be fifty-one “megacities” with populations of ten million or more. Of these, eighteen will be in 51 countries, including some of the poorest nations in the world. Mexico City already 52 twenty million people

16、 and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa's cities are growing by 10% a year, the swiftest 54 of urbanization ever recorded.Is the trend good or bad? Can the cities cope? No one knows 55 . Without question, urbanization has produced 56 so ghastly that they are diffi

17、cult to comprehend. In Cairo, children who 57 might be in kindergarten can be found digging through clots of ox waste, looking for 58 kernels of corn to eat. Young, homeless thieves in Papua New Guinea's Port Moresby may not 59 their last names or the names of the villages where they were born.

18、In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.46. A. way B. life C. area D. people47. A. defined B. estimated C. created D. expected48. A. about B. up C. like D. already49. A. of B. like C. and D. or50. A. change B. wake C

19、. beginning D. turn51. A. developing B. developed C. develop D. development52. A. makes B. has C. comes D. lives53. A. none B. few C. any D. some54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate55. A. for good B. with clarity C. for sure D. in doubt56. A. miracles B. miseriesC. mysteries D. misunderstandings57.

20、 A. elsewhere B. anywhere C. somewhere D. nowhere58. A. unrefined B. undigested C. unpolished D. unspoiled59. A. ask B. find C. have D. know60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D. dropsPart Reading Comprehension (30 points, 60 minutes)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find s

21、ome questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square b

22、rackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1Gordon Shaw the physicist, 66, and colleagues have discovered what's known as the “Mozart effect”, the ability of a Mozart sonata, under the right circumstances, to improve the listener's mathematical and reasoning abilities. But the find

23、ings are controversial and have launched all kinds of crank notions about using music to make kids smarter. The hype, he warns, has gotten out of hand.But first, the essence: Is there something about the brain cells work to explain the effect? In 1978 the neuroscientist Vernon Mountcastle devised a

24、model of the neural structure of the brain's gray matter. Looking like a thick band of colorful bead work, it represents the firing patterns of groups of neurons. Building on Mountcastle, Shaw and his team constructed a model of their own. On a lark, Xiaodan Leng, who was Shaw's colleague at

25、 the time, used a synthesizer to translate these patterns into music. What came out of the speakers wasn't exactly toe-tapping, but it was music. Shaw and Leng inferred that music and brain-wave activity are built on the same sort of patterns.“Gordon is a contrarian in his thinking,” says his lo

26、ngtime friend, Nobel Prize-winning Stanford physicist Martin Peri. “That's important. In new areas of science, such as brain research, nobody knows how to do it.”What do neuroscientists and psychologists think of Shaw's findings? They haven't condemned it, but neither have they confirmed

27、 it. Maybe you have to take them with a grain of salt, but the experiments by Shaw and his colleagues are intriguing. In March a team led by Shaw announced that young children who had listened to the Mozart sonata and studied the piano over a period of months improved their scores by 27% on a test o

28、f ratios and proportions. The control group against which they were measured received compatible enrichment courses-minus the music. The Mozart-trainedkids are now doing math three grade levels ahead of their peers, Shaw claims.Proof of all this, of course, is necessarily elusive because it can be d

29、ifficult to do a double-blind experiment of educational techniques. In a double-blind trial of an arthritis drug, neither the study subjects nor the experts evaluating them know which ones got the test treatment and which a dummy pill. How do you keep the participants from knowing it's Mozart on

30、 the CD?61. In the first paragraph Gordon Shaw's concern is shown over .A. the open hostility by the media towards his findingsB. his strength to keep trying out the “Mozart effect”C. a widespread misunderstanding of his findingsD. the sharp disagreement about his discovery62. Shaw and Leng'

31、s experiment on the model of their own seems to be based on the hypothesis that .A. listening to Mozart could change the brain's hardwareB. brain-waves could be invariably translated into musicC. listening to music could stimulate brain developmentD. toe-tapping could be very close to something

32、musical63. The remarks made by Martin Perk in Paragraph 3 about Gordon Shaw could be taken as .A. a compliment B. an outspoken criticismC. an expression of jealousy D. something a little sarcastic64. In the sentence “Maybe you have to take them.” (Para. 4) the word “them” best refers to .A. neurosci

33、entists and psychologists B. Shaw and his colleaguesC. the experiments by Shaw and his team D. Shaw's findings65. The most important condition for the Mozart-trained kids to outsmart the control group is .A. being particularly trained to tackle math problemsB. listening to a specific Mozart and

34、playing the pianoC. having extra courses designed exclusively for themD. studying the piano for its breathtaking complexity66. According to the author, proof of what Shaw claims is difficult because .A. the control group will also enjoy the same kind of MozartB. some educational techniques need re-e

35、valuationC. the double-blind experiment is not reliable and thus rejected by ShawD. participants cannot be kept from knowing what is used in the testPassage 2Sometimes opponents of capital punishment horrify with tales of lingering death on the gallows, of faulty electric chairs, or of agony in the

36、gas chamber. Partly in response to such protests, several states such as North Carolina and Texas switched to execution by lethal injection. The condemned person is put to death painlessly, without ropes, voltage, bullets, or gas. Did this answer the objections of death penalty opponents? Of course

37、not. On June 22, 1984, The New York Times published an editorial that sarcastically attacked the new “hygienic” method of death by injection, and stated that “execution can never be made humane through science.” So it's not the method that really troubles opponents. It's the death itself the

38、y consider barbaric.Admittedly, capital punishment is not a pleasant topic. However, one does not have to like the death penalty in order to support it any more than one must like radical surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy in order to find necessary these attempts at curing cancer. Ultimately we ma

39、y learn how to cure cancer with a simple pill. Unfortunately, that day has not yet arrived. Today we are faced with the choice of letting the cancer spread or trying to cure it with the methods available, methods that one day will almost certainly be considered barbaric. But to give up and do nothin

40、g would be far more barbaric and would certainly delay the discovery of an eventual cure. We may not like the death penalty, but it must be available to punish crimes of cold-blooded murder, cases in which any other form of punishment would be inadequate and, therefore, unjust. If we create a societ

41、y in which injustice is not tolerated, incidents of murder-the most flagrant form of injustice-will diminish.67. How did Texas respond to the protests mentioned in Paragraph 1?A. No one was ever executed there later on.B. The criminal there was put to death in the gas chamber instead.C. Life of the

42、condemned person there was terminated with a shot of drug.D. The murderer there was punished with life imprisonment instead.68. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？A. The objections of death penalty have become less severe.B. The death itself is considered inhumane and unacceptable.C. Death penalty

43、 opponents only care about how one is put to death.D. The “hygienic” way of execution is even more barbaric.69. It can be safely inferred that the author .A. supports capital punishmentB. is trying to learn how to cure cancerC. fears that someone might be punished by mistakeD. likes radical surgery,

44、 radiation and chemotherapy70. The author's analogy between cancer and murder is made in order to show .A. the lack of perfect solution to the present problemsB. the new discovery of modern scienceC. the necessity of doing nothing till an ultimate cure is availableD. the availability of adequate

45、 punishment71. Which of the following stands for the author's attitude?A. Letting the injustice spread if we don't want to be barbarous.B. Minimizing incidents of murder by means of death penalty.C. Being tolerant of people's choice of not having any medical treatment.D. Looking for a be

46、tter form of punishment than death penalty.72. What type of writing is mostly adopted in this passage?A. Narration. B. Classification. C. Exemplification. D. Persuasion.Passage 3Shyness is a nearly universal human trait. Almost everyone has bouts of it, and half of those surveyed describe themselves

47、 as shy. Perhaps because it's so widespread, and because it suggests vulnerability, shyness is often an endearing trait: Princess Diana, for example, won millions of admirers with her “Shy Di” manner. The human species might not even exist if not for an instinctive wariness of other creatures. I

48、n fact, the ability to sense a threat and a desire to flee are lodged in the most primitive regions of the brain.But at some life juncture, roughly 1 out of every 8 people becomes so timid that encounters with others turn into a source of overwhelming dread. The heart races, palms sweat, mouth grows

49、 dry, words vanish; thoughts become cluttered, and an urge to escape takes over. This is the face of social phobia (also known as “social anxiety disorder”), the third most common mental disorder in the United States, behind depression and alcoholism. Some social phobics can hardly utter a sentence

50、without obsession over the impression they are making. Others refuse to use public restrooms or talk on the telephone. Sometimes they go mute in front of the boss or a member of the opposite sex. At the extreme, they built a hermitic life, avoiding contact with others.Though social anxiety's sym

51、ptoms have been noted since the time of Hippocrates, the disorder was a nameless affliction until the late 1960s and didn't make its way into psychiatry manuals until 1980. As it became better known, patients previously thought to suffer panic disorder were recognized as being anxious only in so

52、cial settings. A decade ago, 40 percent of people said they were shy, but in today's “nation of strangers” -in which computers and ATMs make face-to-face relations less and less common-that number is nearing 50 percent. Some psychologists are convinced that the Internet culture, often favored by

53、 those who fear human interaction, greases the slope from shyness to social anxiety. If people were slightly shy to begin with, they can now interact less and less, and that will make the shyness much worse.73. According to Paragraph 1, shyness is .A. against human natureB. completely an endearing t

54、raitC. so widespread that a problem may ariseD. essential to the survival of the human species74. The author suggests that our ability to sense a threat and desire to flee .A. are connected with types of shynessB. make us more timid and less successfulC. distinguish humans from other creaturesD. are

55、 the results of the influence of our environment75. Which is NOT mentioned as a sign of social anxiety disorder?A. Being speechless in front of one's supervisor.B. Unwillingness to go to the public toilets.C. Getting drunk in social settings.D. The heart pumping fast.76. The term “social anxiety

56、 disorder” was coined .A. at the time of ancient meditation B. in the 1960sC. in 1980 D. a decade ago77. It is shown that the most common mental disorder in the U.S. is .A. depression B. alcoholismC. social phobia D. panic disorder78. What is the cited attitude of some psychologists towards the Inte

57、rnet culture?A. It is the main cause of social phobia.B. It is destructive and thus should be kept away from the youth.C. It encourages people who are rather inhibited to communicate more freely.D. It helps accelerate the degradation from shyness to social phobia.Passage 4Benjamin Day was only 22 years old when he developed the idea of a newspaper for the masses and launched his New York Sun in 1833, which would profoundly alter journalism by his new approach. Yet, several conditions had to exist before a mass press could come into existence. It was impossible to launch a