大学英语四六级写作课件

1、（一）内容和语言标准1. 短文写作部分满分为短文写作部分满分为15分。分。2. 阅卷标准共分五等：阅卷标准共分五等：14分、分、11分、分、8分、分、5分、及分、及2分。分。3.阅卷时根据五个方面的具体标准阅卷时根据五个方面的具体标准, 即内容切题、表达清楚、文字即内容切题、表达清楚、文字连贯、句式有变化和语言规范连贯、句式有变化和语言规范.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准阅卷人员根据阅卷标准, 对照参照对照参照卷评分卷评分,若认为与某一分数若认为与某一分数(如如8分分)相似，即定为该分数相似，即定为该分数(即即8分分)；若；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加一分认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加一分(即即9分

2、分)或减一分或减一分(即即7分分) 给分档的标准14分分 切题。表达思想清楚切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺文字通顺，连贯性较好。连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。仅有个别小错。11分分 切题。表达思想清楚切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯文字连贯，但有少量语但有少量语言错误。言错误。8分分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。其中有一些是严重错误。5分分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。多的严重语言错

3、误。2分分 条理不清条理不清，思路紊乱思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。且多数为严重错误。 （二）字数和段数要求目前的四级考试写作要求至少目前的四级考试写作要求至少120120字字. .字数不足要酌情扣分字数不足要酌情扣分, ,一般扣一般扣分标准如下分标准如下(1)(1)白卷白卷, , 作文与题目无关作文与题目无关, , 或仅有几个孤立的词而未表达思想或仅有几个孤立的词而未表达思想, , 判为判为0 0分分. .(2)(2)非常优秀的作文可评满分非常优秀的作文可评满分. .(3)(3)对规定三段的作文对规定三段的作文, , 只写一段者

4、只写一段者: 0-4: 0-4分分; ; 只写两段者只写两段者: 0-9: 0-9分分. .(4)(4)题目中已给出的主题句、起始句、结束句题目中已给出的主题句、起始句、结束句, , 均不得记入所写数均不得记入所写数字字. .(5)(5)字数不足者酌情扣分字数不足者酌情扣分: :OnlyOnly 作文存在的障碍和问题作文存在的障碍和问题The Study of EnglishThere are various kinds of books. History books tell people about the history of human society. Scientific and

5、technological books make people understand the unknown world and make the society progress. Books about art and literature help us enjoy nature and people.a. 翻译式作文。翻译式作文。 例例:The First Day I Came to CollegeI always remember the day I come to college. It was a sunny day and I was very excited. I have

6、arrived at the college in the afternoon. Everything had seemed fresh to me. The campus was beautiful. The college was located at the foot of a Mountain and was surround with trees. To the east of it we can see a blue river. There are so many teaching buildings. It was here that I would study for fou

7、r years. I thought that I must study hard in order to live up to the expectations of my parents and friends. It is true that there are many challenges, but I will prove myself a worthy college student.b. 时态混杂。时态混杂。 例例:ComputerNowadays computers are widely used in our society. We can see computers ev

8、erywhere. Many people use computers in schools and colleges. We also use computers in offices, libraries, banks and at home.c. 没啥可写。没啥可写。 例例:Do you like travelling? Probably you will say “Yes, I like it very much!” Thats right.TravelingI think travelling is really good to everyone of us. Do you agre

9、e with me, my dear friend?d. 套用中文模式。套用中文模式。 例例:.As I was a little tired from the journey to the college, I went to bed early. At mid night, I suddenly woke up. I found that there was no gate in the college.The First Day I Came to Collegee. 主题模糊。主题模糊。 例例:(2) (2) 作文与词语作文与词语Im a student of Hunan Univer

10、sity. Im studying in Tumu Department. I like my major very much.要能正确和恰当地用词语表达意思，首先必须意识到英语词语和汉语词语并非是一一对应的。例如，汉语的“觉得”可用英语的feel、find、think等词语来表达，但具体怎么用，还须依句意而定：1. 他一点儿也不觉得累。2. 我觉得有必要先跟他商量。3. 你觉得这个计划怎么样？What do you think of the plan?4. 他觉得有人在注视着他们。He didnt feel tired at all.I think we should consult him

11、 first.How do you like the plan?He became aware that someone was watching him.5. 他觉得有责任帮助同学。 He deems it his duty to help his fellow classmates.6. 我觉得他不会同意。 I have a sense that he wont agree.7. 你觉得这样做合算吗？ Do you find it pays?9. 很多次我觉得自己是胜利者。 And for many times I figure that Im the winner. 8. 我觉得我们会取

12、胜。 I have a feeling that we will win.只有通过反复实践，不断体会词语的含意和用法，掌握有关英语词语运用的一些基本要求，才能减少失误，并逐步提高表达能力。金圣华桥畔译谈记得有一次在电视上看到这么一幕 (外国电视剧) 情景，母亲头发凌乱，儿子见状，叫母亲梳理一下，屏幕上打出的中文是：“可否请你略理云鬓？”词语的运用主要强凋词语的运用主要强凋“得体得体”。试借用一个。试借用一个英译汉例子来说明什么是得体：英译汉例子来说明什么是得体：水浒传第二十三回“景阳冈武松打虎”中有这么一段描述：武松在路上行了几日，来到阳谷县地面。此去离县治还远。当日晌午时分，走得肚中饥渴，望

13、见前面有个酒店，挑着一面招旗在门前，上头写着五个字道：“三碗不过冈。”一个“挑”字，使酒店前挂的旗子活活有了生命。英语中也不乏简单词语用得很生动的例子。大学英语精读课本第二册有一篇题为“My First Job”的课文。主人公去一学校应聘，辗转半天终于找到了学校：文中的struggle 和survive都是常用词，但用得非常生动，很值得学习。The school was a red brick house with big windows. The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each cor

14、ner, where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.没没 能能 cant fail to/unable to/not be in a position to/很很 多多 a lot of various/plentiful/numerous/countless/ abundant/quite a few必必 须须 must be supposed to/be obliged to/have no alternative希希 望望 hope feel like/would like/expec

15、t/be dying to/cant wait to努努 力力 work hard hardworking/diligent/industrious /dedicated得得 到到 get obtain/acquire/ achieve/ gain/win/earn有有 趣趣 interesting fascinating/attractive/entertaining/ pleasant/enjoyable增增 进进 increase expand/add to/ enhance/ enlarge/ broaden/ develop/improve原因原因1 1A number of fac

16、tors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors are accountable for this situation. A number of factors might contribute to (lead A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problemto )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).).2. The answer to this prob

17、lem involves many factors.2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.4. The factors that contribute to this situation include.4. The factors that contribute to this situation include.5. The c

18、hange in .largely results from the fact that.5. The change in .largely results from the fact that.6. We may blame .,but the real causes are.6. We may blame .,but the real causes are.7. Part of the explanations for it is that .7. Part of the explanations for it is that . 8. One of the most common fac

19、tors (causes ) is that . 8. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that . 9. Another contributing factor (cause ) is . 9. Another contributing factor (cause ) is . 10. Perhaps the primary factor is that 10. Perhaps the primary factor is that 11. But the fundamental cause is that . 11. But the f

20、undamental cause is that . 后果后果1. It may give rise to a host of problems.2. The immediate result it produces is .3. It will exercise a profound influence upon.4. Its consequence can be so great that. 举例举例1. A good case in point is .2. As an illustration, we may take .3. Such examples might be given

21、easily.4. .is often cited as an example. 图表作文一般都附有简要说明图表作文一般都附有简要说明, 一般要求考生对图表进行一般要求考生对图表进行说明说明,并以图表信息为依据并以图表信息为依据,进行归纳总结进行归纳总结,得出一般性结论得出一般性结论. 作文的内容一定要与图表信息一致作文的内容一定要与图表信息一致,同时所采用的信息应同时所采用的信息应能有效地突出主题能有效地突出主题. 例如例如: 2002年年6月作文月作文Student Use of Computersyour composition on the chart and the outline

22、given below: 1.上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间用计算机的时间: 1990年年(2 hours)、1995年年(4 hours)、2002年年(14 hours)，请描述其变化；请描述其变化； 2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明方面加以说明)； 3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。中有什么困难或问题。HoursYear图表作文例文范文图表作文例文范文:CET-4, 1987年年6月月Stude

23、nt Use of Computers Since 1990, there has been tremendous growth in the use of computers by students. While in 1990, the average number of hours a student spent on the computer was about one hour per week, this number grew nearly fours hours per week by 1995, and approximately 20 hours per week by t

24、he year 2000. 图表作文例文范文图表作文例文范文:CET-4, 1987年年6月月Student Use of Computers The significant growth in the use of computers by students in the 1990s can be attributed to several factors, including widespread usage, lower prices, and technological and social developments. Nowadays, computers are widely us

25、ed by students for word processing, book keeping, multimedia presentations, and access to the Internet for both research and communications. Additionally, since 1990, due to competition and technological advances, computer hardware and software prices, as well as Internet charges have dropped signif

26、icantly. Finally, technological developments and changes in social habits in the 1990s have played a major role in this tremendous growth in the use of computers. Todays society relies heavily on computers for immediate access to the news and entertainment, including listening to music, watching mov

27、ies and sports 3vents, and playing computer games图表作文例文范文图表作文例文范文:CET-4, 1987年年6月月Student Use of Computers While computers are of great assistance to the students, and therefore, are indispensable tools, they also pose some challenges. The biggest challenge that many students face is discipline in t

28、he use of this powerful device. Parents are concerned about their kids being addicted to computer games and ignore their studies. Undesirable material and strangers on the Internet may mislead the students. It is urgent that students use this powerful tool with great wisdom. 分项目的总结分项目的总结 第一段：第一段：The

29、*(某种图，比如某种图，比如bar chart ,pie chart或是或是curve graph)show*(简单写写情况，比如简单写写情况，比如“妇女受教育妇女受教育程度程度”，“美国能源利用美国能源利用”，这些一般可以在图下面的说，这些一般可以在图下面的说明文字中找到明文字中找到),From the *(某种土某种土)we can have a understanding of *(又是什么情况又是什么情况) 第二段：说明段，第二段：说明段，From the*/*illustrate* +一些内一些内容，主要写以下几个方面：极点容，主要写以下几个方面：极点(极大，极小极大，极小)，趋势，

30、特，趋势，特别点别点(交点，转折点，相同点和一些在特定图上有意义的交点，转折点，相同点和一些在特定图上有意义的点点) 第三段第三段:From the chart,we may have a basic understanding of the situation of凑字数用的！凑字数用的！一些表达：一些表达：柱形图柱形图 (bar chart) (bar chart) increase rise go up / drop decrease decline 饼图饼图 (pie chart) (pie chart) *is dividedsintos*parts *consume the lar

31、gest prtion *accounting for* *(百分比百分比)of *is* *play a very important role in * 线形图线形图 (diagram) (diagram) From this point Drop/increase dramaticly a modest /rapid increase 1.1.以时间为比较基础的应抓住以时间为比较基础的应抓住“变化变化”：上升，下降，或是波：上升，下降，或是波动，题中对两个或两个以上的变量进行描述时应在此基础上进动，题中对两个或两个以上的变量进行描述时应在此基础上进行比较，如变量多于两个应进行分类或有侧重

32、的比较，行比较，如变量多于两个应进行分类或有侧重的比较，2.2.不以时间为比较基础的应注意对极点的描述不以时间为比较基础的应注意对极点的描述阐述图表概况阐述图表概况理由一理由一理由二理由二理由三理由三阐述图表概况阐述图表概况剖析图表所揭示的含义剖析图表所揭示的含义前景预测前景预测说明图表概况说明图表概况理由一理由一理由二理由二理由三理由三说明图表概况说明图表概况说明理由一说明理由一理由二理由二理由三理由三说明图表概况说明图表概况 图表作文表达图表作文表达 上升：上升：increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up 下降下降:

33、 decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down 平稳平稳: stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to 波动波动: fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down 占占: occupy take up account for gain 而而: while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact 相比相比: by contract on

34、 the contrary likewise compared with 最高点最高点: the highest the top the summit the peak the most 最低点最低点: bottom less least rock bottom 平均平均: mean average 趋势趋势: tendency trend inclination, upward/downward/up-and-down/down-and-up/level/trend 预见预见: prediction 达到顶峰达到顶峰: mount to 在在*中占中占*: *gain the percent

35、age of 有一个稳定的过程有一个稳定的过程: a stable period can be seen 四级写作实用策略：四级写作实用策略：1. 句型要有变化性。考生不可全以简单句拼凑文章，应主动使句型要有变化性。考生不可全以简单句拼凑文章，应主动使用复句、倒装、排比、平行结构及动词短语，从而使论述更严用复句、倒装、排比、平行结构及动词短语，从而使论述更严谨、更有力，并体现出良好的语言驾驭能力。谨、更有力，并体现出良好的语言驾驭能力。 2. 主动使用生动的成语、谚语及有说服力的引语。每次练习主动使用生动的成语、谚语及有说服力的引语。每次练习时，把这些成语、谚语、引语划出来，以强化主动使用的意

36、时，把这些成语、谚语、引语划出来，以强化主动使用的意识。例如，在论述求知的艰难时，可引用识。例如，在论述求知的艰难时，可引用There is no royal road to learning. (做学问无捷径可走做学问无捷径可走)；在论述言行的辩证关；在论述言行的辩证关系时，可引用系时，可引用Actions speak louder than words. (行动比谚语更行动比谚语更有说服力有说服力/事实胜于雄辩事实胜于雄辩)。 3. 学会回避。譬如，想表示某人过着豪华的生活，可以说学会回避。譬如，想表示某人过着豪华的生活，可以说 He lived a kind of luxurious l

37、ife. 但考生如不会写但考生如不会写 luxurious 这个这个词，不妨回避，切勿生拼硬造。考生可以说词，不妨回避，切勿生拼硬造。考生可以说 He had a car, a big house and a large company. 4. 主动使用过渡词。例如使用主动使用过渡词。例如使用firstly, secondly, to make long short, moreover, however, furthermore 等等，这样，会使文章等等，这样，会使文章层次清晰，也使自己思路清楚。建议练习时将过渡词划出，以层次清晰，也使自己思路清楚。建议练习时将过渡词划出，以增强主动使用的意识。增强主动使用的意识。5. 注意避免逻辑错误。注意避免逻辑错误。例例: 1997年年1月六级考试作文题目为月六级考试作文题目为 Haste Makes Waste，一，一考生的第一段第一句为考生的第一段第一句为 Many people believe that the faster the better， because they can save time in this w