第五章形容词和副词

1、第五章形容词和副词【考点串讲】条理清晰轻松把握一、形容词的用法1、形容词修饰名词时，一般放在名词前。但若修饰复合不定代词，要放在其后。例如：the nice girl is my sister.I have something important to tell you.eg.Is therein today s newspaper?-Yes, our National Table Tennis Team won all the seven gold medals once more.（2009 福州） A. someth ing new B. anything new C. somebody

2、 special D. an ybody special2、形容词enough修饰名词时，既可置于所修饰的名词之前，也可至于其之后。e.g. the boy read the articleand found someth ing importa nt in it.A. careful eno ugh B. carefully eno ugh C. eno ugh carefulD. eno ugh carefully3、多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词-数词-描绘词-（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色） -出处-材料性质-类别-名词。4、形容词常在连系动词后面作表语。 连系动词： be动词

3、 感官动词： 表状态： 表变化：5. 只能作表语的形容词：afraid害怕；alone独自的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的；alive活着的；well健康的；ill 病的；frightened害怕的 例如，The man is ill.（正）The ill man is my uncle.（误）6. 貌似副词的形容词：Ionely独自的；friendly友好的；lively生动的；lovely可爱的二、形容词常用句型1. “It s + adj.+ of + s不定式 表示 某人（做某事）怎么样 ”。注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的 性格、品质的形容词，如good（好的），kind（友

4、善的），nice（友好的），polite（有 礼貌的），clever（聪明的）,foolish（愚蠢的），lazy（懒惰的），careful（细心的）,careless（粗心的），right（正确的），wrong（错 误的）等。例如，It s very kind of you to help me.（=You are very kind to help me.）你能帮助我，真好。It s very rude of her to say such words.（=Shes very rude to say such words.）她说这样的话，真粗鲁。It s foolish of him to

5、 go alone.（=He is foolish to go alone.）他单独出去太傻了。2. “It s+adj.+for+s不定式”表示 做某事对某人来说怎么样”。用的形容词有 important（重要的），necessary必要的），difficult（困难的），easy（容易的），hard（艰难的），dangerous（危 险的），safe（安全的），useful（有益的），pleasant（舒适的），interesting（有趣的），impossible（不可能的）等。例如，It s not easy for them to learn a foreign Ianguage.（

6、=To learn a foreign Ianguage is not easy for them.对于他们 来说学好一门外语不容易。It s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully（=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for stude nts.）对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。It s necessary for us to get to school on time.（=To get to school on time is nec

7、essary for us对于我们来说按时至U校 是非常必要的。3. 表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad（高兴的）,pleased（高兴的），sad（忧伤的），thankful（感激的）等常接不定式 例如，Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。I m very sad to hear the bad new听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。4. 表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready（乐意的，有准备的），able（有能力的），sure（定），certain（ 定）等常接 不定式。例如，Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。He is

8、 sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时至U校。副词的用法注意：一些兼有两种形式的副词1）hard与hardly : hard的意思是 努力；hardly的意思是 几乎不。2） near与nearly: near的意思是 靠近地；nearly的意思是 几乎差不多”3) late 与 lately: late 意思是 晚”、迟到地”；lately意思是 最近”、近来4）how long, how soon, how often, how farHow long多久，多长时间”，对一段持续的时间提问，常用for+ 一段时间/ since+点时间回答How soon

9、多快，多久以后”用于一般将来时，常用in+段时间回答How often 多久一次”对频度提问，常用 ” once, twice, three times a week”How far多远”对距离提问e.g. “has this food store bee n in bus in ess“ Since 2001.A.How long B.How ofte n C.How old D.How soo n5) much too 禾口 too muchMuch too修饰形容词或副词太Too much修饰不可数名词太多.08 辽宁)-Do you enjoy travelling by air?-N

10、o, it sexpensive.A. too much B. much too C. more much D. much6）sometime, sometimes, some times, some timeSometime某个时候Some time 一段时间 e.g. it takes sb. some time to do sth. Sometimes 有时Some times 几次.例如，we ll have a test sometime next mon th.下个月的某一时间，我们要进行一次测试。Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are

11、 not.有时我们很忙，有时不忙。He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。I have been to Beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。 真题.I ll go and visit younext week.A. sometime B. sometimes C. some times D. some time7）so修饰形容词或副词冷uch修饰名词，例如，My brother runs so fast that I canow hifo.l我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。He is such a

12、 boy.他是一个这样的孩子。so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数 ”，“such形容词+可数名词复数 /不可数名词 ”，.例如，He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。 （正）It is so cold weather.（误）例如，so many（如此多的）；so few（如此少的）

13、可以加可数名词复数so much（如此多的）；so little（如此少的）可以加不可数名词8） .ago与before的区别ago表示以现在为起点的以前”常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻以前”也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。例如，I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。三、形容词与副词的比较级（一）规则变化（1）单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级的后面加上 er， est构成比较级和最高级。a

14、）直接力口 er, est : short, cheapb）以重读闭音节结尾的，要双写最后一个辅音字母，后加er,est： thin-thinner. bigc）以辅音字母+y结尾的，先把y改为i再加上er,est： early -earlier（2）两个音节或两个以上的音节的，在原级前加 more / most. Beautiful friendly（二）不规则变化原级比较级最咼级goodBetterThe bestwell （健康的）badworseThe worstill （有病的）oldolderThe oldestmuch/ma nymoreThe mostlittlelessThe

15、 leastfarfartherThe farthest注意:有些形容词没有比较等级，如 right, wrong, excelle nt, fin al, last, possible, first, east, empty, woode n, ope n, favorite等（三）形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：（1）讲述某人/物自身的情况时，用原级：.He is very old now.（他现在很老了） They ran quite fast.（它们跑得相当快） 表示两者之间没有差别时，使用结构：as +形容词/副词原级+ ase.g. Tom is twice as old

16、 as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。表示第一个人比不上第二个人时，使用结构：not as/so +形容词/副词原级+ asThis room is not as/so big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。（2）讲述两者有差异，一个超过另一个时，用比较级。基本结构：形容词/副词比较级+thanTom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。讲述两者有差异，第一个不及第二个时，用比较级。结构是：less+比较级+ thanHe is less taller than me .他没有我高讲述某人

17、/物是一群之中最突出的一个时，用最高级。结构是：（the） +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of .Tom is the tallest in his class.关于比较等级的重要注释：1、 “匕较级+and+ 比较级表示 越来越”。女口： He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。3. Beiji ng is beco mingand.A. more beautiful , more B. beautiful , beautiful C. more, more beautiful D. more beautiful , more beautiful

18、2、 “he+ 比较级 ，the+比较级 表示 越就越 。 The more careful you are , the fewer mistakes you ll make.4. children there are in a family , their life will be.A. The less, the better B. The fewer, the better C. Fewer, richerD. More , poorer注意1.可以修饰 比较级 的词,much, a lot, far,的多a little, a bit,一点儿even甚至，still仍然例如， Less

19、 on One is much easier tha n Less on Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。真题 Mrs. King kept weighing herself to see how muchshe was getting.A. heavyB. heavierC.

20、 the heavierD. the heaviest2、只能修饰原级的词，very， quite，so，too【真题再现】探索规律找寻突破of it than of hers（10 6 安徽）A. Much28. My father doesnA. dear26. Carl felt21. They all lookedat the teacher whe n he told them the good n ews. （ 06 安徽）A. sadly B. happilyC. carefullyD. an grily27. I think Alice is the right person

21、for the jo b, because she s always thinkingB. moreC. littleD. lesst like the color of the tie because it is too （06 安徽）B. shortC. thinD. darkbecause he won the first prize in the school singing competition.（ 07 安徽）9.A. In terestedB. proud C. angry-Mr. Smith, would you please speak a little

22、 more -Sorry! I thought you could follow me. A. quietlyB. quicklyC. slowly-I m reallybefore the competitioR.08 安徽）-Take it easy. Sure you are the best.A. coolB. seriousC. n ervous-ack, how are you feeli ng today? （08 安徽） -Much. I thi nk I can go to school tomorrow.B. worseC. brighterA. betterD. worr

23、ied?（ 07安徽）D. politelyD. patie nt-English istoo difficult for me. I can-Don t give up. Nothing is difficult if you work hard.A. seldomB. n everC. always-Hello! Golden Sun Hotel. Can I help you? （ 09 安徽） -Do you have a roomfor this weeke nd?A. availableB. useful C. empty D. possible-Vould you please

24、drive? My pla ne is tak ing off.-I d like to, but safety comes first.A. faster B. better C. more carefully D. more slowly34. Did you find the small village yesterday? （10 安徽）-Yes， without any difficult ，for it haschanged over.A. hardlyB. greatlyC. clearly46. -It seems that Alice n ever wants to do a

25、nything except draw pictures. -Right. That s what she likes to do .A. moreB. lessC. most48. - Dad, it s such a long way from our home to the pafk10 安徽）35.37.D. weaker（08t安徽n it well.D. usually（09安徽）D. n early（10安徽）D. leastC. possibleD. importa nt1、误It is the gold age of the young.正It is the golde n

26、age of the young.2、误The ill man nearlv diedh*正The sick man n early died.3、误1 have important something to tell y(nir正1 huve something iniponant to tell you.4、误You can speak free in from of your friends正You cun speak freely in front of your friends,5、误Hl be back at the ironient正ni be back in a mome nt

27、.6、误There are too much mistakes in your liomework.正There are too many mistakes in your homework.7、误He is weak at physits.正He is weak in physics.&误She is my older sister.正She is my elder sister.9、误lie is very liigherhan 1 ani.正He is much higher tha n 1 am.0、误 The girl is more cleverer 山汕 ilic boy.正 T

28、he girl is cleverer than the boy.【优化演练】体味经典把握成功A. popularB. n ecessary【典例精析】瞄准目标蓄势待发1、The dish is delicious!sWell, at least itsthe one I cooked yesterday.A. as good asB. worse tha nC. as well asThe air in the coun tryside isA. softB. prettyMrs. King kept weigh ing herself to see how muchshe was gett

29、 ing.A. heavyB. heavierC. the heavier4、Our family has bought a car so we can travelthan before.A. most easilyB. less easilyC. easilyWhom would you like to be your assista nt. Jack or David? If I had to choose, David would bechoice.A. goodB. betterC. the betterCarl felt2、3、5、6、7、D. as bad as.So many

30、people from the city go there on weeke nds.C. freshD. deliciousD. the heaviestD. more easilyD. the best because he won the first prize in the school singing competition.C. angryD. worrieds single will be played between Wang Liqin and Ma Lin? n ews.A. in terestedB. proud-Do you know the final of men-Yes. I fe