初中英语语法-虚拟语气

1、1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（见课本P 170页）。2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来did / werehad donewould/could/should/might +V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1. did / were2. should do3. were to dowould/could/should/might + V.(原)1. If I had

2、 HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.与现在事实相反与过去事实相反5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6. I think we could

3、 do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.与未来事实相反二、虚拟语气特殊句型：1. wish + 宾语从句现在：过去：未来：过去时 (did/were)过去完成时 (had done)would/could/might+V. should I wish I were a bird. (现在现在) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去过

4、去) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未来未来)2. would rather that -现在：过去：未来： I would rather you paid me now. (现在现在) I would rather you had gone, too. (过去过去) Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未来未来)过去时过去时过去完成时3. as if /though + 从句现在：过去：过去时过去完成时 He looks as if he were drunk. They talked

5、as if they had been friends for years. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.4.Its (about/high) time +that -should +V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its hig

6、h time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令命令：order, command 三个建议建议：advise, suggest, propose四个要求要求：demand , require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。 我们建议我们建议Tom去休息一下

7、。去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.He insisted that I (should) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there. 以上动词相应的

8、名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, proposal, demand, request, desiredesire Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice t

9、hat the chemical factory should be closed down.6.without和和but for 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。(but for要不是要不是) Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the

10、desert.7. If only (要是要是就好了就好了) If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again! 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!8. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ importa

11、nt + that - 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形动词原形 It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard.9. Its +high time+ that - 从句中的动词要用从句中的动词要用虚拟，即虚拟，即 should+动词原形动词原形. 也可用动词过也可用动词过去时态。去时态。It i

12、s high time that we should pay more attention to our environment.It is high time that we payed more attention to our environment.10. 某些简单句的固定句型：某些简单句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!三：三： 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句假设

13、条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而顶。假设的时间而顶。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.2.假设条件虚拟倒装。假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把三个助动词可以把if省略，并将省略，并将这三个词提至句首。这三个词提至句首。If I were you, I would give it up.Were I you, I would give it up.If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over th