Some Differences Between Structuralism and Poststructuralism 结构主义与后结构主义的差别

1、 Some Differences Between Structuralism and Post-structuralism 孙晔Structuralismvan intellectual movement developed in Europe from the early to mid-20th centuryva theoretical paradigm that emphasizes that elements of culture must be understood in terms of their relationship to a larger, overarching sy

2、stem or structure v anthropology, sociology, psychology, literary criticism, economics and architectureDe Saussures structural linguistics propounded related concepts 1. Langue: an idealized abstraction of language Parole: language as actually used in daily life2. Linguistic signs consisting of: sig

3、nifier: the sound pattern of a word signified: the concept or meaning of the word3.Binary oppositions: two ideas, directly opposed, each of which we understand by means of its opposition to the other. Structuralism in literary theory and criticism Literary textsa larger structure:va particular genre

4、va range of intertextual connectionsva model of a universal narrative structureva system of recurrent patterns or motifs Structuralism in literary theory and criticisma structure in every texteverything that is written seems to be governed by specific rules, or a grammar of literatureStructuralism i

5、n literary theory and criticismv the structure of literary genresv the structure of narrativev the structure of literary interpretation ( P-176182)potential problem: it can be highly reductive. Catherine Belsey puts it: the structuralist danger of collapsing all difference. Arthur Laurents West Side

6、 Story Shakespeares Romeo and JulietPost-structuralism vemerged in France during the 1960s as a movement critiquing structuralism vcame to international prominence in the 1960s and 70s vstresses that the authors intended meaning is secondary to the meaning that the reader perceives.Main Ideas of Pos

7、t-structuralismvrejects the idea of a literary text having a single purpose, a single meaning, or one singular existence. v every individual reader creates a new and individual purpose, meaning, and existence for a given text. v be able to use a variety of perspectives to create a multifaceted inter

8、pretation of a text (class, racial or sexual identity)Table of differencesStructuralismPost-structuralismTimeearly 1900s1960sMajor FiguresRoland BarthesJulia KristevaJacques DerridaRoland BarthesOriginsLinguisticsdate language and worldmethod, system and reasonPhilosophyno facts, only interpretationskepticismTone and Styleabstractiongeneralizationdetached scientific coolness toneneutral styleemotiveurgent euphoric toneflamboyant and self-consciously showy styleAttitude to languageLinguistic mediuman orderly systemconstructing the worldterminal anxietiesfloating free, fluid