【2018年职称英语考试试题理工类B级预测题阅读理解】职称英语考试综合B

1、【2018年职称英语考试试题理工类B级预测题阅读理解】职称英语考试综合B第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。TheBestWaytoReduceYourWeightYouhearthis:"Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat."Youfeelsad:"lskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo?"Basicallyyoucandonot

2、hing.Yourgenes,notyourlifehabits,determineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat,"80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese（肥胖的）parentsbeeobese,asparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight."Howca

3、nobesepeoplebeenormaloreventhinthroughdieting?Well,dietingcanbeeffective,butthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirsch,aresearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversity,didastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeks,thesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavin

4、gthehospital,theyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic（新陈代谢的）measurement,fatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswam

5、thatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn"tresultInnormalweight,butinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeople,however,sufferfromtheopposite:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSims,oftheUniversityofVermont,gotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonths,they

6、ateasmuchastheycould.Theysueededinincreasingtheirweightby20t025percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdidnotmeanthatpeoplearepletelywithout"hopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybattletheirgeicinheritanceiftheywan

7、ttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasafortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandcha

8、ngingthemetabolismtopusbtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.31. Whatdeterminesyourweight?A. Yourworkingmanner.B. Youreatinghabit.C. Yourlifestyle.D. Yourgenes.32. WhatdidJulesHirschdoinhisstudy?A. Helettheeightfatpeopleskipsupper.B. Helettheeightfatpeopleskipbreakfast.C. Helettheeightfatpeopleruneverymor

9、ningandevening.D. Hegavetheeightfatpeoplealiquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.33. Whathappenedtotheeightfatpeopleaftertheyleftthehospital?A. Theywentmad.B. Theykilledthemselves.C. Theywerebacktonormalweight.D. Theyattemptedsuicide34. WhatdidEthanSimsmakehissubjectsdo?A.Battletheirgeicinheritance.B

10、.Increasetheirweight.C.Stayathome.D.Lowertheirweight.35. Whatdidscientiststhinkwastrue?A.Eachpersonhasafixedweightrange.B. Eachpersonhasaweightrangeof9kg.C. Eachpersonwantstocontrolhisweight.D.Eachpersonwantstoeattohisheart"scontent.BlackHolesTriggerstarsself-destructionScientistshavelongunders

11、toodthatsupermassiveblackholesweighingmillionsorbillionsofsunscantearapartstarsthatetooclose.Theblackhotelsgravitypullsharderonthenearestpartofthestar，animbalancethatpullsthestarapartoveraperiodofminutesorhours，onceitgetscloseenough.ScientistssaythisUnevenpullingisnottheonlyhazardfacingthestar.Thest

12、rainoftheseunbalancedforcescanalsotriggeranuclearexplosionpowerfulenoughtodestroythestarfromwithin.MatthieuBrassartandJean-PierreLumioftheObservatoiredeParisinMeudon，France1，carriedoutputersimulationsofthefinalmomentsofsuchanunfortunatestarslife，asitveeredtowardsasupermassiveblackhole.Whenthestarget

13、scloseenough，theunevenforcesflattenitintoapancakeshape.Somepreviousstudieshadsuggestedthisflatteningwouldincreasethedensityandtemperatureinsidethestarenoughtotriggerintensenuclearreactionsthatwouldtearitapart.Butotherstudieshadsuggestedthatthepicturewouldbeplicatedbyshockwavesgeneratedduringtheflatt

14、eningprocessandthatnonuclearexplosionshouldour.Thenewsimulationsinvestigatedtheeffectsofshockwavesindetail，andfoundthatevenwhentheireffectsareincluded，theconditionsfavoranuclearexplosion.“Therewillbeanexplosionofthestaritwillbepletelydestroyed，”Brassartsays.Althoughtheexplosionobliteratesthestar，its

15、avessomeofthestarsmatterfrombeingdevouredbytheblackhole.Theexplosionispowerfulenoughtohurlmuchofthestarsmatteroutoftheblackholesreach，hesays.Thedevouringofstarsbyblackholesmayalreadyhavebeenobserved，althoughatamuchlaterstage.Itisthoughtthatseveralmonthsaftertheeventthatripsthestarapart，itsmatterstar

16、tsswirlingintotheholeitself.Itheatsupasitdoesso，releasingultravioletlightandX-rays.Ifstarsdisruptednearblackholesreallydoexplode，thentheycouldinprincipleallowtheseeventstobedetectedatamuchearlierstage，saysJulesHatpernofColumbiaUniversityinNewYork，US2.“Itmaymakeitpossibletoseethedisruptionofthatstari

17、mmediatelyifitgetshotenough，”Brassartagrees.“PerhapsitcanbeobservedintheX-raysandgammarays，butitssomethingthatneedstobemorestudied，hesays.SupernovaresearcherChrisFryeroftheLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryinLosAlamos，NewMexico，US3，saysthedeathsofthesestarsaredifficulttosimulate，andheisnotsurewhethertheres

18、earchershaveproventheircasethattheyexplodeintheprocess.36. Somethingdestructivecouldhappentoastarthatgetstooclosetoablackhole.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A. Theblackholecouldtearapartthestar.B. Theblackholecouldtriggeranuclearexplosioninthestar.C. Theblackholecoulddwindle

19、itssizeconsiderably.differedD.Theblackholecoulddevourthestar.37. Aordingtothethirdparagraph,researchersfromeachotherintheproblemofA. whethernuclearreactionwouldour.B. whetherthestarswouldincreaseitsdensityandtemperature.C. whethershockwaveswouldour.D. whethertheunevenforceswouldflattenthestars.38. A

20、ordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A. Nonuclearexplosionwouldbetriggeredinsidethestar.B. Thestarwouldbedestroyedpletely.C. Muchofthestar"smatterthrownbytheexplosionwouldbebeyondtheblackhole"sreach.D. Theblackholewouldpletelydevourthestar.39. Whatwillhappenseveralmonths

21、aftertheexplosionofthestar?A. Thestar"smatterwillmovefurtherawayfrombytheblackhole.B. Theblackhole"smatterwillheatup.C. Theblackhole"smatterwillswirlintotheblackhole.D. Theblackhole"smatterwillreleaseultravioletlightandX-rays.40. Aordingtothecontext,theword"disruption"i

22、nparagraph6meansA.confusion.B. tearingapart.C. interruption.D. flattening.WhereHaveAlltheBeesGone?Scientistswhostudyinsectshavearealmysteryontheirhands.Allacrossthecountry，honeybeesareleavingtheirhivesandneverreturning.Researcherscallthisphenomenoncolony-collapse1disorder.Aordingtosurveysofbeekeeper

23、sacrossthecountry，25to40percentofthehoneybeesintheUnitedStateshavevanishedfromtheirhivessincelastfall.Sofar，noonecanexplainwhy.Colonycollapseisaseriousconcernbecausebeesplayanimportantroleintheproductionofaboutone-thirdofthefoodsweeat.Astheyfeed，honeybeesspreadpollenfromflowertoflower.Withoutthispro

24、cess，aplantcantproduceseedsorfruits.Now，agroupofscientistsandbeekeepershaveteameduptotrytofigureoutwhatscausingthealarmingcollapseofsomanycolonies.Bysharingtheirexpertiseinhoneybeebehavior，health，andnutrition，teammembershopetofindoutwhatscontributingtothedeclineandtopreventbeedisappearanceinthefutur

25、e.Itcouldbethatdiseaseiscausingthedisappearanceofthebees.Toexplorethatpossibility，JayEvans，aresearcherattheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)BeeResearchLaboratory2，examinesbeestakenfromcoloniesthatarecollapsing.“Weknowwhatahealthybeeshouldlooklikeontheinside，andwecanlookforphysicalsignsofdise

26、ase,”hesays.Andbeesfromcollapsingcoloniesdontlookveryhealthy.“Theirstomachsareworndown，paredtothestomachsofhealthybees,”Evanssays.Itmaybethataparasiteisdamagingthebeesdigestiveorgans.Theirimmunesystemsmaynotbeworkingastheyshould.Moreover，theyhavehighlevelsofbacteriainsidetheirbodies.Anothercauseofco

27、lony-collapsedisordermaybecertainchemicalsthatfarmersapplytokillunwantedinsectsoncrops，saysJerryHayes，chiefbeeinspectorfortheFloridaDepartmentofAgriculture3.Somestudies，hesays，suggestthatacertaintypeofinsecticideaffectsthehoneybeesnervoussystem(whichincludesthebrain)andmemory.”Itseemstikehoneybeesar

28、egoingoutandgettingconfusedaboutwheretogoandwhattodo,”hesays.Ifitturnsoutthatadiseaseiscontributingtocolonycollapse，beesgenescouldexplainwhysomecolonieshavecollapsedandothershavenot.Inanygroupofbeestherearemanydifferentkindsofgenes.Themoredifferentgenesagrouphas，thehigherthegroupsgeicdiversity.Sofarscientistshaventdeterminedtheroleofgeicdiversityincolonycollapse，butitsapromisingtheory，saysEvans.41. Whatisthemysterythatresearchersfindhardtoexplain?A.Honeybeesareflyingallacrossthecountry.B. 2540percentofthehoneybeesintheUShavedied.C. Honeybeesareleavingt