[海事英语阅读题库]

1、海事英语阅读题库UnitOnePassage1In1948aninternationalconferenceinGenevaadoptedaconventionformallyestablishingIMOtheoriginalnamewastheInterGovernmentalMaritimeConsultativeOrganizationorIMCObutthenamewaschangedin1982toIMOTheIMOConventionenteredintoforcein1958andthenewOrganizationmetforthefirsttimethefollowingy

2、earBythetimeIMOcameintoexistencein1958severalimportantinternationalconventionshadalreadybeendevelopedincludingtheInternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSeaof1948theInternational文HYConventionforthePreventionofPollutionoftheSeabyOilof1954andtreatiesdealingwithloadlinesandthepreventionofcollisionsa

3、tseaIMOwasmaderesponsibleforensuringthatthemajorityoftheseconventionswerekeptuptodateItwasalsogiventhetaskofdevelopingnewconventionsasandwhentheneedaroseThecreationofIMOcoincidedwithaperiodoftremendouschangeinworldshippingandtheOrganizationwaskeptbusyfromthestartdevelopingnewconventionsandensuringth

4、atexistinginstrumentskeptpacewithchangesinshippingtechnologyItisnowresponsibleformorethan40internationalconventionsandagreementsandhasadoptednumerousprotocolsandamendments201words1 IMOwascreatedinaconventionataninternationalconferenceAin1958Bin1948Cin1959Din19823海事英语阅读100篇2 IMOcameintoexistenceaccor

5、dingtothepassageAin1958Bin1948Cin1959Din19823 ThetaskofIMOincludesthefollowingexceptAtoensurethatthemajorityoftheconventionsarekeptuptodateBtodevelopnewconventionsasandwhentheneedarisesCtoadoptnumerousprotocolsandamendmentsDtoexaminetheshippingsecuritystatusofeachstate4 IMOwaskeptbusyfromthestartdev

6、elopingnewconventionsbecauseAthereexistedtoofewconventionsbeforeBitcoincidedwithaperiodoftremendouschangeinworldshipping文HYCnewtechnologydevelopedveryfastDshippingsecurityissueloomedmoreimportantthanbeforePassage2Nearly1000owner-memberscontrolling61oftheworldmerchantfleet1550brokersandship-agentsand

7、100clubandassociatemembersconstitutetheworldlargestshippingassociationBIMCOInanenvironmentcharacterizedbyincreasingregulatoryburdensshippingisdependentonastrongindustrybodytomakeitsviewsknownBIMCOisuniqueinrepresentingshippingcompaniesdrawnfromalltradesandtypesofshipsThusmakingitideallypositionedtor

8、epresentinternationalshippingingeneralwhennewregulatoryinitiativesarebeingconsideredServicesareavailableon4UnitOneanyaspectofshippingonrequesttoBIMCOSecretariatinDenmarkorviadatabasesavailableoninternet102words1 BIMCOisAtheworldlargestshippingassociationBtheworldlargestassociationforseafarersCthewor

9、ldlargestassociationforshippinginsuranceDtheworldlargestassociationforshippingbrokers2 NowadaysshippingreliesonBIMCObecauseAthisassociationcanindemnifyitsbenefitwhenneededBthisassociationcanmakeitsviewsknownwhennewregula-tionsaresetCthisassociationcanhelpexchangecommercialopportunities文HYDthisassoci

10、ationcanenhancebusiness3 IfonedemandstheserviceofBIMCOhecanacquireitAfromBIMCOSecretariatinLondonBfromBIMCOSecretariatinBrusselsCfromBIMCOSecretariatinDemarkDfromBIMCOSecretariatinHollandPassage3TheInternationalTransportWorkersFederationITFisatrulyglobalorganizationItisafederationof621transporttrade

11、unionsin137countriesrepresentingaround5millionworkersTheITFwasfoundedin1896inLondonbyEuropean5海事英语阅读100篇seafarersanddockersunionleaderswhorealizedtheneedtoorganizedinternationallyagainststrikebreakersTodaytheITForganizesworkersinshipsportsrailwaysroadfreightandpassengertransportinlandwaterwaysfisher

12、iestourismandcivilaviationTheITFrepresentstransportworkersatworldlevelandpromotestheirintereststhroughglobalcampaigningandsolidarityItisdedicatedtotheadvancementofindependentanddemocratictradeunionismandtothedefenseoffundamentalhumanandtradeunionrightsItisopposedtoanyformoftotalitarianismaggressiona

13、nddiscriminationTheITFisoneof10GlobalUnionFederationsformerInternationalTradeSecretariatsalliedtotheInternationalConfederationofFreeTradeUnionsICFTU文HY148words1 ThepurposeoffoundingITFin1896wastoAprotectseafarersinterestsworldlyBorganizeworldlyagainststrikebreakersCstrivefortherightsofseafarersDorga

14、nizeinternationallyagainstshipowners2 TheITFpromotesinterestsoftransportworkersviaAglobalorganizationandsub-organizationBglobalpropagandaandbroadcastingCglobalcampaigningandsolidarityDglobalco-operationandactivities3 WhatisthebesttitleforthisshortpassageAITFTransportWorkersGlobalOrganizationBITFInde

15、pendentandDemocraticTradeUnionCITFTradeUnionforAllWalksofTransport6UnitOneDITFHomeforTransportWorkersPassage4TheCMICommitteeMaritimeInternationalwhichwasformallyestablishedin1897istheoldestinternationalorganizationinthemaritimefieldAlthoughitsfoundationfollowedthatoftheInternationalLawAssociationILA

16、byseveralyearsandtheCMIwasperhapsinonesenseadescendantoftheILAtheCommitteewasthefirstinternationalorganizationconcernedexclusivelywithmaritimelawandrelatedcommercialpracticesTheCMIwasalreadyinexistenceandfunctioningatleastina文HYlimitedwayforsomeperiodpriortoitsformalestablishmentin1897Theagreementwi

17、ththeILAwasannouncedinacircularlet-terfromtheCommitteeMaritimeInternationaldated2July1896TheletterstatedthedecisionthattheCMIwouldpromotetheestablishmentofnationalassociationsofmaritimelawandwoulden-sureastructuredrelationshipbetweentheseassociationsItwasalsostatedthatthenationalassociationsshouldbe

18、comprisedofjuristsmercantileandinsuranceinterestsshipownersandallothersconcernedwithmaritimecommerceFinallytheCommitteesletterstatedthatthefirsttasktobeundertakeninthepursuitofunificationwouldbetheinternationalcodificationofthelawrelatingtocollisionatsea188words1 CMIistheoldestinternationalorganizat

19、ionexclusivelyon7海事英语阅读100篇AmaritimelawandregulationsBshippingregulationsandpracticesCcommercialpracticesrelatedtoshippinglawDshippinglawandcommercialpracticesrelatedtoit2 CMIwasformallyestablishedAin1897Bon2July1896Cin1896Don2July18973 ThefirsttaskofCMIwastoApursuetheinternationalcodificationofthes

20、hippinglawBpursuetheinternationalcodificationofthecollisionlawCpursuetheinternationalcodificationofthesalvagelawDpursuetheinternationalcodificationofthegeneralaveragelaw文HY4 WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassageAThefoundationofCMIfollowedthatofILAforseveralyearsBCMIannounceditsagreementw

21、ithILAinacircularletterCCMIdecidedtopromotetheestablishmentofinternationalassociationsonmaritimelawDCMIdecidedtoensureastructuredrelationshipbetweenallthenationalassociationsofmaritimelawPassage5TheInternationalChamberofShippingICS国际航运公会andtheInternationalShippingFederationISF国际海运联盟arevoluntaryorgan

22、izationscomprisingthenationalshipownersasso-8UnitOneciationsof40countriesrepresentingmorethanhalfoftheworldsmerchanttonnageICSestablishedin1921isthetradeassociationfortheshippingindustryitsinterestscoveringallaspectsofmar-itimeaffairsparticularlymarinesafetyshipdesignandconstruc-tionpollutionprevent

23、ionandmaritimelawISFestablishedin1909istheemployersfederationfortheshippingindustryrepresentingitsmembersinterestsinternationallyinrelationtolaboraffairsmanpowerandtrainingissuesICSandISFhaveconsultativestatuswithseveralintergovernmentalorganizationsincludingtheInternationalMaritimeOrganizationIMO12

24、5words1 ICSis文HYAoneofthegovernmentalorganizationsBonepartyofthegovernmentalassociationsCtheshipownersorganizationsofmarinesafetyDtheshipownersassociationsof40countries2 ISFissuchanorganizationthatconcernsAmarinesafetybuttheotheraffairsBallaspectsofmaritimeaffairsexceptshipdesignandconstructionCallm

25、aritimeaffairsespmarinesafetyDpollutionpreventionbutmaritimelaw3 ICSandISFrepresentAnomorethanhalfoftheworldsmerchanttonnageBmorethanhalfoftheworldsmerchanttonnageCasmuchashalfoftheworldsmerchanttonnageDatleasthalfoftheworldsmerchanttonnage9海事英语阅读100篇4AccordingtothispassageICSandISFAdontbelongtothep

26、artymembersofIMOBbelongtothepartymembersofIMOChavenoconsultativestatusthDwerebothestablishedin20CenturytwentiesPassage6TopromotepublicawarenessoftheNationmaritimeheritageCongressUSAin1933designatedtheanniversaryofthefirsttransatlanticvoyagebyasteamshiptheSSSAVANNAHonMay221819asNationalMaritimeDayand

27、requestedthePresidentto文HYissueaproclamationannuallyinobservanceofthatdayInkeepingwiththistraditionPresidentGeorgeWBushissuedsuchaproclamationstatinginpartwemustensureourmaritimesystemcanmeetthechallengesofthe21stCenturyAscargovolumeisexpectedtodoublewithinthenext20yearsaviablemaritimenetworkwillhel

28、pourcountrycompeteinourglobaleconomyAccordinglymyAdministrationisworkingwithgovernmentagenciestheshippingindustrylaborandenvironmentalgroupstoensurethatourwaterwaysremainasoundtransportationoptionthatcomplementsouroverlandtransportationnetwork135words1 WhatisthemainideaofthisPassageAThestoryofthefir

29、sttransatlanticvoyagebyasteamshipBThePresidentsproclamationannuallyofMaritimeDayCAbriefhistoryoftheNationMaritimeDay10UnitOneDThepartofAmericanhistory2 WhywastheNationalMaritimeDayestablishedATocelebratetheGrateVoyageonwaterBTocomplementtheoverlandtransportationnetworkCToletpeopleknowwhathappenedint

30、heAmericanhistoryDToarousepeoplesinterestsoftheNationmaritimeheritage3 WhatdoesthePresidentusuallydoduringtheNationalMaritimeDayAGiveaspeechofthefirsttransatlanticvoyageBMakeaproclamationinobservanceofthedayCIssueaproclamationaboutthefirsttransatlanticvoyageDGivesaspeechoftransportationnetworkonwate

31、r4 Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothispassage文HYAWaterwaysindeustryremainsasoundoptionintransportationBShippingindustrycomplementstheoverlandtransportationCThecargovolumeisexpectedtodoubleinthenearfutureDPeopledoubtthemaritimesystemcanmeetthechallengeofthe21stcenturyPassage7Standardsofservic

32、eandmaintenanceonboardvesselshavecomeunderincreasingscrutinyastheneedsforcostsavingexercisesincludingtheuseofsmallercrewshavebecomewidespreadRoutinemaintenanceonboardhasoftenbeenreducedinfavourofeitheranonboardridingcreworshorebasedrepairsHowever11海事英语阅读100篇ofthe355inspectionsmadetocollectmanninginf

33、ormationbyPandIClubonly30reportedpresenceonboardofridingcrewsFurthermoretheverycommercialpressureslowfreightratesandstrictlyenforceddeliveryscheduleswhichhaveledtotheneedtoreducethenumberandexperienceofcrewmembershavealsocreat-edaclimatewhichdiscouragesthelaying-upofshipsforrepair114words1 Whatisthe

34、passagemainlyaboutAMoreinspectionshavebeenputonstandardsofserviceandmaintenanceBNeedsforCostSavingCRoutineMaintenanceNeedstobereducedDCommercialPressureswerestrengthened2 ThewordRoutinemeans文HYAComprehensiveBDailyCOrdinaryDGeneral3 ThemainfactortoreducethenumberandexperienceofcrewmembersisAgrowingna

35、rrowerspaceforcrewmembersBtechnologyimprovementofshipbuildingCcommercialpressuresDadvancementoftechniquesPassage8ThemajorityofallcrewsaremixedandthisisneithernewnorsurprisingInsomequartersinrecentyearsithasbeensuggested12UnitOnethatarangeofseriousriskscanbeattributedtomixedcrewsMixedcrewsmaypresenta

36、varietyofproblemsbutforemostamongthemislanguageItisnotmerelyamatterofastheoften-quotedremarkhasitthatintimeofcrisispeoplepanicintheirownlanguageOrdersmustclearlyunderstoodtobeobeyedandunitsorgroupsaboardashiphavetobeableeffectivelytocommunicateinordertooperateefficientlySoIMOispressedtoreviewthediff

37、icultiesofinadequatecommunicationbetweencrewmembersandtosetnewlanguagestandardsforcommunicationbetweenallofficersandcrewFurthermoreitshouldensurethatcrewmembersareassensitivetothesafeoperationofthevesselinportastheyareatseawithparticularat-tentionbeingpaidtoproperloadinganddischargeproceduresandsafe

38、bunkeringpractice文HY166words1 WhatcanmixedcrewscauseaccordingtothepassageAOccasionalaccidentsBArangeofseriousrisksCLessefficientcommunicationsonboardDAmulti-culturedenvironmentonboard2 ThewordpanicinthepassagemeansAmadBexcitedCdesperateDsurprised3 IMOispressedtoApassnewconventionstodealwiththemixedc

39、rewproblemBcreateanewlanguageusedonboardCurgeseverymemberstatetocopewiththemixedcrewproblem13海事英语阅读100篇Dreviewthedifficultiesandsetnewlanguagestandards4ParticularattentionshouldbepaidbycrewmemberstothesafeoperationofthevesselincludingaccordingtothepassageApropersteeringoperationBproperloadingprocedu

40、resCproperdischargingproceduresDsafebunkeringpracticePassage9CargoshipscanbedividedintotwobasictypesOnetypecar-文HYriesdrycargotheothercarriesliquidcargohoweveranOBOshipisdesignedtocarrybothAtraditionaldrycargoshipisthemultideckvesselHerholdsaredividedhorizontallybyoneortwotweendecksbecausethesemakes

41、towageofindividualpackageseasierDrybulkcargoiscarriedinbulkcarriersThesedonothavetweendecksascargoiscarriedlooseThemostmoderntypeofdrycargocarrieristhecontainershipTheycarrycontainersofstandarddimensionsconsequentlystowageiseasierFruitmeatanddairyproducearecarriedinrefrigeratedshipsOiltankersarethem

42、ostcommontypeofliquidcargocarrierTheyareoftenverylargebecausehugequantitiesofoilneedtobetransportedandonelargevesselismoreeconomicaltooperatethantwosmalleronesTwoothertypesofliquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportancearetheliquefiednaturalgasLNGcarrierandthechemicalcarrieralthoughchemicalcanalsobecarriedin

43、drumsingeneralcargoships14UnitOne178words1 TherearetypesofliquidbulkcarrierA2B3C4D52 Amulti-deckvesselhastweendecksAmanyBnoConlyoneDoneortwo3 FruitmeatanddairyproducearecarriedinAcontainercarriersBtraditionalshipsCOBOshipsDrefrigeratedships4 ThetypesofdrycargocarriersmentionedinthepassageareAtweende

44、ckersOBOshipsBtraditionaldrycargoshipandmulti-deckvessel文HYCOBOshipsoiltankerschemicaltankersandLNGcarriersDdrycargoshipdrybulkcargocarriercontainercarriersandrefrigeratedshipsPassage10Thecontainershipisdifferentfromtheconventionaltypeandisaninnovationnotedforeasierhandlingandquickerturnoverofcargoe

45、sCargoestobecarriedbythistypeofshiparepre-packedintocontainersbeforebeingloadedaboardtheshipContainersaresealedafterbeingpackedwithcargoesMadeofmetalorotherdurablematerialstheyarewatertightaftersealingandcanthereforebestowedondeckwhilstbeingcarriedOneofthefeaturesofcontainershipsisthatsomeoftheconta

46、inersareusually15海事英语阅读100篇stowedondeckThecontainershipisbecomingincreasinglypopularintradingcirclesandthetrendisthatthetonnagethereofwillgrowatafasterpaceinfuture115words1 WhatdoesinnovationinthefirstparagraphmeanAmakingchangesBtheintroductionofanantigenicsubstanceintothebodyagainstaspecificdisease

47、CtheactofintroducingsomethingnewDrevolution2 ContainersaresealedafterbeingpackedwithcargoesWhatdoestheunderlinedwordmeanhereAfilled文HYBloadedCstuffedDclosedofficiallyorunderthesupervisionofnotarypublic3 OfthefollowingisnotthefeatureofthecontainershipAsomeofthecontainersareusuallystowedondeckBitiseas

48、yforhandlingandquickturnoverofthecargoCthecontainershipisbecomingincreasinglysaferDcargoesarepre-packedintothecontainer4 ThetonnageofcontainershipisAdecreasingBincreasingCremainingthesameDchanging16UnitOnePassage11MerchantshipsaredesignedtocarrycargoSomearealsode-signedtocarrypassengersTheycanoperat

49、easlinersTheseareemployedonregularroutesonafixedtimetableAlistoftheirarrivalanddeparturedatesispublishedinadvanceandtheysailwhetherfullornotLinerscanbeclassedaseitherdeep-sealinersorshort-sealinersTheformercarrymainlycontainerizedcargoacrosstheoceansoftheworldthelattercarrycontainerizedorconventiona

50、lcargoonshorterroutesFerriesarealsoclassedaslinersTheseofferadailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehiclesacross文HYchannelsandnarrowseasAfewshipsarestillemployedaspassengerlinersTheynotonlycarrypassengersbutalsosomecargoonroutesfromEuropetoNorthAmericaandtotheFarEastNowa-daysthepassengertradeisverysm

51、allandpassengerlinersusuallyoperateascruiseshipsforpartoftheyear153words1 Thedeep-sealinersAcarrymainlycontainerizedcargoBcarrymainlyconventionalcargoCofferadailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehiclesDsailacrosschannelsandnarrowseas2 TheLinersAalwayssailfullBsailregularlyevennotfullCalwayssailinbal

52、last17海事英语阅读100篇Dwillnotsailifnotfull3 AlistofthearrivalanddeparturedatesoflinersAwillbepublishedweeklyBwillbepublishedwhentheysailwhetherfullornotfromEuropetoNorthAmericaandtotheFarEastCwillnotbepublishedeventheysailfullyloadedDispublishedpriortotheirdeparture4 ItisimpliedinthepassagethatAthenumber

53、ofpassengershipsissmallBallpassengershipswillcarrysomecargoinnearfutureCitisnotnecessaryforlinerstosailinregulartimeDcontainercarriersshouldcarrysomepassengers文HYPassage12MMP-contractedHorizonLineshasplacedanorderfor900newhigh-cuberefrigeratedcontainerswithanexpecteddeliverydatetothefleetofNovember2

54、004ThisacquisitionispartoftherefrigeratedcontainerreinvestmentprogramthatcommencedlastDecemberwiththedeliveryofaninitialorderof300unitsTheequipmentwillbeusedacrosstheentireHorizonLinesnetworkHorizonLinesstandsforoperationalexcellenceInrecentmonthswehaveaddedacraneandnewterminalhandlingequipmentinHaw

55、aiitwonewcranesinPuertoRicoandnow1200newrefrigeratedcontainerstoour5000unitrefrigeratedfleettofurtherreinforceourser-18UnitOnevicelevelssaidChuckRaymondHorizonLineschairmanandCEO112words1 WhatisthebesttitleforthispassageAMMPcontractedHorizonLinesBHorizonLineOrders900NewReefersCHorizonLinesStandsforo

56、perationalexcellenceDHorizonLinesCEOGivesaSpeech2 WhendoyouthinkthisorderstartedAInNov2004BBytheendof2004CInDec2003DBytheendof2002文HY3 InordertoreinforcetheirservicelevelHorizonLinesmanagedtoAincreaseworkexperiencedhandsBmakegooduseofadvancedmachineryCreinforcethemanagementandprolongtheworkinghoursD

57、addcargohandlingfacilitiesandterminalhandlingequipment4 WhatdoestheunderlinedwordacquisitionmeaninthispassageAacquisitionsystembyradarBobjectdetectedbyradarCshippingbusinessorderlistDinvestmentprogram5 WhatdoeshighCubemeanAtallercontainersBcontainersthatcanbestackedhigher19海事英语阅读100篇CsquarecontainersDlargercapacitycontainersPassage13NowadaysmostmerchantshipsarebuilttocarrycargoesAndtheymainlyop