英语任务型阅读理解新题型解析

1、英语任务型阅读理解新题型解析浙江省温州市第十四中学 沈永铭2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）第一卷第二部分首次出现任务型阅读题型。其中是在省高考试卷中。这种试题的要求介于阅读理解与写作之间，能够有效测试考生运用语言“做事”的能力。总体而言，试题仍将体现语言能力、智力能力和社会阅历三方面的有机结合。笔者，特此结合高考英语备考的实际，撰文介绍该题形的特点和解题方法。一、任务型阅读理解题型的特征和一般解题方法任务型阅读理解题所选文章题材主要以广告、海报、通告等应用文体为主。任务型阅读，一般不难于常规性阅读。该题提供六段阅读材料，布置五个“话题”，要求考生将这五个“话题”与所给的六段阅读

2、材料中的五段一一“对应”（有一段是多余选项）。该“对应”可能是“主旨对应”，也可能是“情节对应”，还可以是“细节对应”等。考生答好该题的要诀有二：一是理解段落主旨和细节，同时既注重说话人字面意思，也领悟其可能隐含的“话中有话”；二是切实做到“阅读仔细，观察敏锐，精确配对”。该类阅读理解题的解题的关键在于正确把握住当事人的要求与符合其要求的条件之间的一一对应关系。同学们解题时一般适宜采用各个击破的方式，先确定和划出任务型阅读题目（问题）中的关键信息（一般有2、3个信息点），再用快速寻读的方法从A到F6条语段中寻找和确定一条含有解答该问题的相应信息（一般也2、3处）。运用快速逐一排除法能为同学们节

3、省一定阅读和答题时间。当然排除干扰信息和一项多余信息条还需要一定时间操练。任务型阅读理解“一一对应”解题方法通常包括具体步骤如下：第一步：认真阅读试题背景，了解阅读材料的背景、话题或主题，确保解题时不脱离阅读的主题和正确思维的主线索。第二步：仔细阅读题目，找出不同人物的不同要求，并在关键词下划线，以便有利于为第三步的的顺利解题创造良好的和必要的条件。第三：对照题目的要求，从A、B、C、D、E和F六个备选项中选出符合以上要求的对应条件。有时，我们只要顺着关键词的线索就能轻松找到正确的答案。例如，有一篇有关体育题材的任务型阅读理解的题目要求中涉及到姚明的NBA生涯，考生只要在备选项中找到”姚明”这

4、个关键词,不用阅读整个题目和备选项就能轻松找到正确的答案。但是，在大多数情况下，还要从提出的若干备选项选择符合条件中的内容。同学们需要根据具体的情况灵活地选择解踢方式，跳读、扫读还是细读。在此，特别提醒各位同学：选项中肯定有一项是多余选项。第四步：快速对照“要求”和“条件”这一主要线索通读一遍，做到万无一失，提高答题的准确率，增强应试的信心。二、任务型阅读理解题实例解析现举2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）任务型阅读理解作详细解析。试卷原题：第二节：在第61至65题中，Susan, Mike, Jane, George 和Tom正计划参加一个夏令营。阅读下面六个夏令营的介绍选项（

5、A、B、C、D、E和F），选出符合各人需求的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。61. Susan, a biology student, has a particular interest in wildlife. She is curious about how people and wildlife can co-exist peacefully in an area. She would like to study the environment and wild animals. With information she gathers in the camp

6、 she hopes to complete her project on wildlife.62. Mike is eager to stay away from the busy city life for a while. He and his classmates have decided to join a summer camp where they can learn outdoor skills and learn to solve problems all by themselves.63. Jane is longing for a break from school li

7、fe. She wants to try something different and exciting. She is especially interested in mountain biking and water sports.64. George is a born leader and is popular among his classmates. As a chairman of the Student Club, he often organizes activities and games. Hed like to attend wilderness courses w

8、hich offer youth a chance to learn, lead and succeed.65. Tom is a sports fan and a lover of the outdoors. Besides water sports, he enjoys horse-racing and hiking. He would like to go to a camp which offers a great variety of sports. A CALIFORNIA: Log Cabin Wilderness Camp Getaway (L. A. Area Council

9、, 233 Scout Way, Los Angeles, CA 90026; 213 413-4400): Backpacking (背包徒步旅行) is the top activity at this camp, including classes in backpacking stove (火炉) operation, back country first aid, water purification (净化) , and map and compass skills.B WISCONSIN: Gardner Dam Scout Camp (Bay-Lakes Council, P.

10、 O. Box 267, Appleton, WI 54912; 920 734-5705): Whitewater canoeing (激流独木舟运动) is offered if you want to have fun on the river. A 35-mile overnight mountain biking trip is for those who prefer to stay on dry land. The camp is for boys and girls 12-18.C KANSAS: Spanish Peaks Scout Camp (Santa Fe Trail

11、 Council, 1513 E. Fulton Terrace, Garden City, KS 67846; 620275-51620): Rock climbing around the camp and mountain climbing, including an attempt of topping East Spanish Peak. Join us and meet new friends and learn new activities.D IDAHO: Camp Aspen Ridge (Trapper Paths Council, 1200 East 5400 South

12、, South Ogden, UT 84403; 801 479-5460): Horseback riding and hillwalking are popular on the paths. Swimming, canoeing, rowing and fishing activities are offered on the lake. Learn about the culture and have fun!E MORTH CAROLINA: Camp Bud Schiele (Piedmont Council, 1222 E. Franklin Blvd., Gastonia, N

13、C 28053; 704864-2694): Learn about the environment of the area while taking trips deep into the woods. Then spend Friday testing what youve learned against other groups. Activities are in some of the most untouched wilderness areas across the state.F MAINE: Camp Roosevelt (Katahdin Area Council, Ban

14、gor, ME 04402; 207866-2241): The log cabin dining house was built in 1929 and offers good camp food. Once you get your fill, take on the camps Leaders Today program, which will have you climbing, jumping and working your way to better leadership skills.解题过程：2005年浙江省任务型阅读理解题是的应用类短文是有关学生夏令营的选择，该题考查考生运

15、用语言“做事”的能力。语篇的标题、字体形式与大小完全模拟了真实语篇的版面设计样式。第一步：通过阅读背景材料，同学们不难发现，这是一个有关夏令营的招生广告。五个不同性别的男女学生对他们将要参加的夏令营都提出了不同的要求；而下面又有A到从F六个夏令营的介绍选项，当然， 其中一项肯定就是干扰项，需要考生一一对应为每一个学生找到适宜的夏令营。 第二步：通过仔细阅读题目，找出不同人物的不同要求，划好关键词。例如：61题Susan的主要要求就是：wildlife和environment。62题Mike的主要要求就是：stay away from the busy city life 和learn outd

16、oor skills。63题Jane 的主要要求就是：mountain biking 和water sports。64题George的主要要求就是：wilderness courses which offer youth a chance to learn, lead and succeed。65题的Tom主要要求就是：horse-racing and hiking 和a great variety of sports。 第三步：在明确了五个不同性别的男女学生对他们将要参加的夏令营提出了不同的要求之后，就要采用跳读和细读相结合的方式，一一找到符合五位学生的不同要求的对应条件。61题答案为E。因

17、为“ Learn about the environment of the area while taking trips deep into the woods. Then spend Friday testing what youve learned against other groups. Activities are in some of the most untouched wilderness areas across the state.”这几个条件能满足Susan的wildlife和environment的要求。62题答案为A 。因为“Backpacking”和“classe

18、s in backpacking stove (火炉) operation, back country first aid, water purification (净化) , and map and compass skills”能满足Mike的“ stay away from the busy city life 和learn outdoor skills”的要求。63题答案为 B 。因为“Whitewater canoeing (激流独木舟运动) is offered if you want to have fun on the river. A 35-mile overnight mo

19、untain biking trip is for those who prefer to stay on dry land.”能够满足Jane “mountain biking 和water sports”的两大要求。64题答案为 F 。因为“Once you get your fill, take on the camps Leaders Today program, which will have you climbing, jumping and working your way to better leadership skills.”的许诺的条件能够满足George的“wilder

20、ness courses which offer youth a chance to learn, lead and succeed”的要求。65题答案为 D。因为Camp Aspen Ridge许诺的“Horseback riding and hillwalking are popular on the paths. Swimming, canoeing, rowing and fishing activities are offered on the lake.”的条件能够满足Tom “horse-racing and hiking 和a great variety of sports”的

21、要求。 第四步、再快速把条件与要求反过来查读一遍，这样同学们就能保证答题的准确率了。 俗话说得好：“解题有法， 但无定法，一定要得法。愿本文能对同学们解好任务型阅读理解题起到一定的 “抛砖引玉”的作用。 三、任务型阅读理解专题训练 （ 一）第二节: 阅读下列材料, 从所给的六个选项(A,B,C,D,E和 F)中, 选出符合各小题要求的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑. 选项中有一项是多余选项. （共5 小题， 每小题2 分，满分10分）The people below are all looking for someplace to enjoy some kind of activity i

22、n Beijing. After the description of these people, there is information about places AF. Decide which place would be most suitable for the person mentioned in questions 1-5 and then mark the correct letter (A-F) on your answer sheet. There is one extra paragraph about one place which you do not need

23、to use._ 1. Stephen studies art in Beijing University. He shows great interest in paintings and he is especially interested in those oil paintings that reflect the variety of life. _2. Mark has just come to China and he is very interested in Chinese culture. He has been waiting for a long time to ha

24、ve a chance to see a wonderful Chinese acrobatic performance in China._3. Oscar is a student from Yangzhou University, visiting his friends who share the same interest in music. They are planning to find someplace to enjoy rock and roll and pop songs._4. Charles works in Philips Company, Shanghai Br

25、anch. He is going to Beijing on business in middle September. He will be free in the evening, so he wants to go to someplace to enjoy some music performed by foreign bands._5. Carol studies Chinese in Beijing. She is free recently during the day time, so she would like to find someplace where she ca

26、n attend some kind of activity so that she can learn some details about Chinese modern literature.A. Capital Theatre: To celebrate its 50th anniversary, the China Acrobatic Troupe will present “The Soul of China”, where the seemingly impossible is made real. Chills (寒战 ) will run down your spine (脊柱

27、 ) as you watch breathlessly as performers take their art ant the bodies to the edge. Time: 7:30 p.m., September 13-19.B. Huangshicheng Gallery: A group ink pain ting exhibition is running. About 50 works by 25 young artists including Ge Yun and Yu Yang are on display. Time:9 a.m.5p.m. until Septemb

28、er 10.C. The Wangfung Art Gallery: A joint show of oil paintings by 10 young and middle-aged artists will be hosted by the gallery. On display are more than 30 of their latest works, which capture the wonderful variety of life in unique (独特的) styles.D. Anyuan Museum: The National Museum of Modern Ch

29、inese Literature offers an indepth study of the evolution of Chinese contemporary literature from 1919 to 1949. Time: 9a.m.-4p.m., daily.E. The Olympic Center: “The Fashionow Night of Chinese Rock” is set to bring back fans out by the thousands next month. Nine Chinese rock bands will perform at the

30、 concert, including older generation bands, middle generation bands, middle generation and some recent arrivals. The audience will be given a chance to decide what songs they want to hear, which is sure to bring a storm. Time: September 16.F. Grand Theater of the Cultural Palace of Nationalities: La

31、 Petite Band, the Baroque Orchestra of Belgium, will perform as part of activities across the world to commemorate(纪念) the 250th anniversary of Bachs death. Time: 7:30p.m. September1 1-14 （二）第二节：在第61至65题中, 有五种不同类型要在苏格兰度假的游客打算找旅馆。 阅读下面6个旅馆的介绍(选项)，选出符合各人需求的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。6. _ Two wome

32、n friends want to do several all-day hikes in the mountains during the spring. They like a place with traditional decorations and superb views.7. _ A woman with two children aged six and ten will spend July in Scotland. The children are interested in animals and plants and the mother enjoys fashions

33、.8. _ A handicapped lawyer must use a wheelchair and drive her own car. She enjoys concerts, museums, fine architecture and swimming. She will spend the first two weeks of October in Scotland.9. _ A writer, a teacher and their one-year-old daughter want to be in a quiet place during August. They enj

34、oy good food, and like to take long walks (the baby rides in a back-pack).10. _ An old couple, aged 65 and 68, love mountain scenery and still take easy walks by the lakeside when they can. They hope to enjoy fresh air and some relaxing activities.A. Edinburgh. Post HouseA popular base for visitors

35、to Edinburgh, this fine hotel stands next to the zoological Gardens within easy reach of the many famous sights, shops and entertainments of one of Europes most elegant capitals.B. Gatehouse of Fleet. Cally HotelThis impressive hotel, well-known for its good Scottish cooking, is an ideal choice for

36、a relaxing family holiday. Set in 100 acres of private grounds, the Cally, a former stately home, has something for everyone including its own fishing lake, outdoor heated swimming pools, green lawn, tennis court, childrens playground and sauna baths.C. Glenborrodale. Glenborrodale Castle HotelThere

37、 can be few better places for a refreshing holiday than this picturesque hotel set in its own 120 acres of beautiful countryside by charming Lake Sunart on the Ardnamurchan Peninsular (半岛). Boating and fishing are both available.D. Inverness. Royal HotelA unique feature of the Royal is its fine coll

38、ection of antique furniture, china and glass. This friendly comfortable hotel, a favorite meeting place for the towns people, is an excellent base for getting to know the Highlands-Lake Ness, Great Gien and Culloden Moor are all within easy reach.E. Peebles. Tontine HotelThe Tontine had a fascinatin

39、g beginning it was built in1808. This homely hotel has been extended to make it a really comfortable base for exploring the Tweed Valley and the attractive Lowland country.F. North Berwick. Marine HotelThis fine hotel overlooks the famous West Links golf course and is close to several sandy beaches.

40、 The Marine has its own open-air swimming pool and putting green as well as tennis courts, squash courts and saunas. Edinburgh, well-known for its art festivals, is only some 24 miles away. 任务型阅读理解专题训练（一）参考解题点拨：通过阅读试题的背景介绍，我们可以断定阅读的主题围绕着五位老外在北京寻找各自所需要的活动场所，包括文化、艺术和休闲的场所。然后，读者细读Stephen、 Mark 、Oscar、Charles和Carol五位老外在北京所要找的五个不同场所的信息，不难确定主要阅读线索。例如：Stephen（ paintings、oil paintings和 the variety of life）Mark（Chinese culture和a wonderful Chinese acrobatic performance）Oscar（rock and roll和pop songs）Charles（ in middle September 、free in the eve