高考专项复习-单项选择和阅读理解专题

1、单选集中考查单选集中考查: :1)扎实的基础语法知识(以动词为重点) 2)在具体的语言环境中正确应用所学知识(能力化) 单项选择题：单项选择题： 英语试题中的重要组成部分，虽然分值只占15分，然而，它所考查的知识面非常广泛，对考生掌握知识的要求又非常高。词词性性情情况况冠冠词词形形副副代代词词名名词词连连词词情态情态动词动词交际交际用语用语强调强调句型句型非谓非谓语词语词好好一一般般差差因此，单项选择以因此，单项选择以“强调句和非谓语动词强调句和非谓语动词”为重为重点点本试卷单项选择题本试卷单项选择题( (1515题题）完成情况分析：完成情况分析：Step One:Dealing with M

2、ultiple Choices第二节: 单项选择 (共15个小题;每小题1分,满分15分)1. I often have conversations with John over _ telephone, while I keep in touch with Tom by _ letter. A.不填不填;the B. the;不填不填 C.不填不填;a D. the; a 2. Mr.Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to sleep. A.tired;boring B. tiring;bored C.was tired;bored D. was tirin

3、g; boring thetiredboring 3. I would much appreciate _ if you keep the matter a secret. A. this B. that C. it D. one 如: I love it in the autumn when the weather is bright and clear. 4. The teacher discussed with Jim, _ problems was poor study habit. A. one of which B. one of whose C. whose D.whos ito

4、ne of whose 5. Professor Li has written some short stories, but he is _known for his plays. A. more B. the most C. better D. the best 6. Lucy is _ girl that everyone likes her. A. So nice a B. a so nice C. such nice D. such nice a betterso nice a 7. - Why on earth did nt you answer the phone? - Im t

5、erribly sorry, but the doorbell _ , too. A.is ring B. ring C. was ringing D. to ring 8. - I cant find the chief editor, where did you meet him this afternoon? - It was in the office _ he worked. A. which B. that C. where D. the one第9题was ringingwhere非谓语动词的强调句式：非谓语动词的强调句式： 1)1)一个完整的句子一个完整的句子 = = 被强调部

6、分被强调部分 + + 本句剩下本句剩下部分的陈述语序结构部分的陈述语序结构 2) 2)ItisItis/was/was 被强调部分被强调部分 that/whothat/who 本句剩下本句剩下部分的陈述语序结构部分的陈述语序结构例子例子: : I will help her from now on.强调主语强调主语: : -It is that 强调宾语强调宾语: : - It is that 强调状语强调状语: : - It is that Iwill help her from now on.herI will help from now on.from now onI will help

7、 her.（一）强调句式的使用（一）强调句式的使用回题回题( (解析解析) ) 据题语境回答，补充完整的句子是据题语境回答，补充完整的句子是: : 问问：Where did you meet him this afternoon?C答答：I met him this afternoon in the office _ he worked. It was in the office where he worked that I met him this afternoon. B答非所问答非所问: It was in the office that he worked.-He worked in

8、the office.（他在办公室工作他在办公室工作） where9. -How much shall I pay for the phone call?-You _. This is free of charge ( without payment ). A.shouldnt B. cant C. dont have to D.mustnt10. He spent all the money he had _ that book.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought buying 11. Help yourself to some apples, plea

9、se. _.A.Yes, of course B. Thank you C. Thatt right D. Yes, I will12. What do you think make Jenny unhappy and worried? _ her new PC. A. Because she lost B. Lost C. As a result of losing D. LosingThank youLosing( (二二) )非谓语动词的使用：非谓语动词的使用： 13. _ where he lives, I write his address out on the paper.A. K

10、nowing B. Known C. To know D. Know练习下STEPS:STEPS:1)1)担当句中什么成份担当句中什么成份( (如如: :状语等状语等) )2)2)担当句中什么具体的句法功能担当句中什么具体的句法功能表将来、表将来、(意外意外)结果、目的结果、目的等状语等状语作（自然）结果、原因、时间、作（自然）结果、原因、时间、条件和伴随等状语条件和伴随等状语3 3）找逻辑主语）找逻辑主语( (语态语态) )和和非谓语动词时态非谓语动词时态上上下下练习练习: The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film

11、stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told练习练习: _ by terrorists ( 恐怖分子恐怖分子 ) , the tall building collapsed. A.Having been attacked B. Attacked C. To attack D. Attacking上张14. _ in the repair shop, he drives his brothers instead. A. Repaired B. Repairing C. Being repaired D. His car b

12、eing repaired 15. _ , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A.However late is he B.However he is late C.However is he late D.However late he is独立主格结构结构结构: : 名词或代词主格名词或代词主格 + + 形形/ /副副/ /介宾介宾/ /名名/ /分词分词/ /不定不定式式 在句中作方式、时间、条件等状语，必有逗号与句子主体部分分隔。e.g. Weather permitting, I will go fishing./ H

13、e came in, book in hand.重点重点1 1、非谓语动词的强调句式：非谓语动词的强调句式：1)1) 一个完整的句子一个完整的句子 = = 被强调部分被强调部分 + + 本句剩下部分的陈述本句剩下部分的陈述语序结构语序结构2)2) It is/wasIt is/was 被强调部分被强调部分 that/whothat/who 句子剩下部分的陈句子剩下部分的陈述语序结构述语序结构重点重点2 2、非谓语动词的基本解题步骤：非谓语动词的基本解题步骤： 第一步第一步: : 找出句子所缺成份，如状语、宾语等；找出句子所缺成份，如状语、宾语等； 第二步：第二步： 找出句子所缺成份的句法功能，

14、根据动名词、找出句子所缺成份的句法功能，根据动名词、 不定式及分词的不同功能进行区分；不定式及分词的不同功能进行区分； 第三步：第三步： 找出逻辑主语决定其语态，或根据句子意思找出逻辑主语决定其语态，或根据句子意思决定动词的时态。决定动词的时态。 阅读理解解阅读理解解题技巧及专题技巧及专项演练项演练阅读理解阅读理解( ( NMET )NMET ) 是英语能力培养的重点项目，是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。 阅读理解能力的重要标

15、志是阅阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。读速度和理解力的正确率。 因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。能力考查类型能力考查类型02年年03年年04年年 05年年1.1.归纳中心、主题归纳中心、主题43442.2.理解实事理解实事33233.3.猜测词义猜测词义44244.4.作者意图、态度作者意图、态度34315.5.分析综合分析综合11536.6.推理判断推理判断45457.7.逻辑排列逻辑排列1主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事实细节型

16、事实细节型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命 题题 类类因此有关阅读理解题目主要因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种有以下几种: :推推 理理 判判 断断 型型 Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension一、主旨大意题一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1. 干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2. 干扰项干扰项 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3. 干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。

17、可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。言过其实或以偏概全。1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar-ize the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the t

18、ext?6)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-主旨大意题主旨大意题Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood o

19、f cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs

20、of an insatiable(不能满足的）不能满足的）society.练习题练习题细节题细节题解释Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American

21、 autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.文章文章解释【解析】答案为C C。take take sthsth. away . away of of sbsb. .和和 cast cast sbsb. . sthsth. . 的意思相似。的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。文章

22、文章中心是文章中心是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论论据据或或主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。 提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。等。事事实实细细节节型型 解题原则解题原则：忠实于原文上下文忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。1）Which of the fo

23、llowing statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）All of the following are true except_.4）The author ( or the passage) states that_.5）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：定细节问题常有以

24、下几种命题方式：阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-事实细节型事实细节型 Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby doe

25、s. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.解释文章 Passage2 Passage2 The

26、 human body is a living machine, and The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The en

27、ergy much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. raise the temperature of

28、1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart showsdifferent, as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000Wom

29、an 3,600Farmer 2,600练习题解释第三节【解析】答案为 D D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=275【解析】答案为 C C 。 根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出 C C 符合图表内容。文章文章 同义法同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列常在词或短语之间有并列连词连词and或或or，它们连接的两项内容在含它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。 反义法反义法 如如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。等，或前句为肯定

30、，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。 释义法释义法 对文章中的生词用定语对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。词词义义猜猜测测型型 情景推断法、代词替代法情景推断法、代词替代法等等1 1）文中找线索或信息词）文中找线索或信息词; ;2) 2) 根据熟悉的词及词义根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；判断新单词之意； 3 3）根据上下文判断新词）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。汇在特定句中确切意思。做题要领做题要领阅读理解基础训练阅读

31、理解基础训练Basic Training-词义猜测型词义猜测型Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to mai

32、ntaining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的应得的，值得的). 解 释第四节解 释 这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中中 的大多数妇女，受的大多数妇女，受过教育的过教育的 （educatededucated）和没有受和没有受过教育的过教育的 （illiterateilliterate）；）；住在城住

33、在城市的市的 （urbanurban）和住在农村的和住在农村的（ruralrural），），年轻的（年轻的（youngyoung）和年和年长的（长的（oldold）正好是一对对反义词。正好是一对对反义词。因此选因此选 C C 项。项。本题答案选本题答案选C C 推理判断题推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 以原文内容以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推推理理判判断断型型 透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。推理判断题推

34、理判断题（做题要领） 既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。推理判断型推理判断型常见的命题方式有：常见的命题方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示暗示) that_.2. We can conclude (得出结论得出结论) from the passage that_.3. Which of the following can be inferred (推论推论)?4.What is the tone (语气语气) of the author ?5.

35、What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?6.The passage is intended to _.7.Where would this passage most probably appear? 阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-推理判断型推理判断型 Passage4 The concept (n. 观念观念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illness

36、es might be preventable if individual (n. 个人个人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.现在的现在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限界限 ) of so

37、ciety. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，劳心的久坐的，劳心的 ) lifestyle without any

38、exercise. 练习题解释解释P5Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.文章解

39、析：解析：据前两句可以得知，据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选况变坏，因此答案选 D D 。选出的答案一定要在原文选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。推测。文章文章 Passage5 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成绩成绩 ) ends up with uninspired stud

40、ents. Eisenberger holds (vi.认为认为). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近来的近来的 ) point ( n.观点观点 ), he notes ( vi.特别指出特别指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使变得更紧使变得更紧 ) grading standards (及格标准及格标准 ) and restore ( vt.恢复使用恢复使用 ) failing grades (不及格分数或标准不及格分数或标准 ).练习题解释总结总结Q: It can

41、 be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_.A.rewarding poor performance ( n.成绩成绩 ) may kill the creativity of students .B. punishment is more effective than rewarding. C. failing (v. 给给不及格不及格 ) uninspired students helps i

42、mprove their overall (adj.全面的全面的 ) academic (adj.学学校的校的 ) standards.D. Discouraging ( vt.使使失去信心失去信心 ) the students anticipation ( n.预期之事物预期之事物 ) for easy rewards is a matter of urgency ( n.紧急紧急 ).文章 解析解析: : 问题是文中问题是文中 Eisenberger Eisenberger 举举的一个例子的一个例子, ,通过例证题目的考点分析通过例证题目的考点分析, , 我们知道一般例子前后总结性的话我们

43、知道一般例子前后总结性的话( (论论点点) )是解决问题的关键是解决问题的关键, ,这样我们就可以这样我们就可以判断出该例要说明的问题判断出该例要说明的问题( (答案答案: :A A) ) The topic sentence:The topic sentence: A teacher ends up with uninspired (without creativity) students. .译译: : 假设老师总让学生关注奖励假设老师总让学生关注奖励, ,或对或对表现一般的学生也给高分表现一般的学生也给高分, ,那么学生们那么学生们最终都会不求进取最终都会不求进取, ,没有灵感及想象力。

44、没有灵感及想象力。文章 研究近几年高考阅读理解试题，研究近几年高考阅读理解试题，我们不难发现命题者越来越我们不难发现命题者越来越注重注重考查学生把握全文及中心思想的考查学生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判断能力能力及推理判断能力，因此有关，因此有关阅读理解题目阅读理解题目更为重要更为重要的是的是: :主旨大意型主旨大意型推理判断型推理判断型summary主旨大意题主旨大意题干扰项干扰项 可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。干扰项干扰项 可能是从文中某些可能是从文中某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。干扰项干扰项 可能

45、属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案正确答案) : 据文章全面理解据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来的；不能太笼而归纳概括出来的；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。统、言过其实或以偏概全。 推理判断题推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 以原文内容以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推推理理判判断断型型 透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。 * Pay attention to the usage of

46、the Cleft Sentence and Non-Predicate Verbs. * Learn to apply these skills to finish exercises on Reading Comprehension.Conclusion:I. I.Review the exercisesReview the exercisesII. Learn the methods II. Learn the methods by heartby heartIII. Learn to apply them III. Learn to apply them skillfullyskill

47、fullyHomework课后练习题: : The British meat industry is worried about the popular trend toward vegetarianism. A recent survey discovered that over the past three years 19 million peoplethat is, one third of the population of Britainhave reduced the amount of meat they eat. The survey also found that: 1) In Britain there ar