英语专业考研 刘炳善版 英国文学简史The Romantic Period 、William Wordsworth 华兹华斯

1、The Romantic Periodv1. The Historical Background 1.1 Domestic Turmoil1.2 Global Revolutionary Atmosphere v2. Literary Trend1.1 Domestic TurmoilvThe capitalists (the bourgeois class) vThe proletarian class vClass conflicts aggravated to an unprecedented degree. (Luddites movement of 1811-1816)1.2 Glo

2、bal Revolutionary Atmosphere vEnglands relationships in the last phase of the 18th century with Ireland, Scotland, and her colonies in North America has become critical. (the uprising in Ireland, the American War of Independence) vThe French Revolution Ideas of democracy, equality, and freedom were

3、disseminated among the populace. The French RevolutionThe French Revolution2. Literary TrendvRomantic Movement.vThe literature of the Romantic Movement expressed a more or less negative attitude toward the existing social and political condition that came with the industrial revolution and the growi

4、ng importance of the bourgeoisie.Cultural Background：thinkersvRousseau (1712-1778) 让-雅克卢梭 - reject the worship of nature- civilized man should return to nature, to a primitive state of lifeEdmund Burke (1729-1797)埃德蒙伯克 Reflection on the Revolution in France(1790)Thomas Paine (1737-1809)vThe Rights o

5、f Man(1971)- justify the radical actions of the French people in revolutionEnglish RomanticismvEnglish Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to begin in 1798 with the publication of Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集by Wordsworth and Coleridge, and ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scot

6、ts death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament.vOwing to the difference in political attitudes, they split into two schools: passive or active romanticists:v1. Passive romanticists，by way of protest against capitalist development，turned to the feudal past, or turned to nature fo

7、r protection. They endeavors to beautify life, or to distract people from the things around him into his inner world, into thoughts.vThe representatives are Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey. They have often been mentioned as the “Lake Poets”. v2. Active romanticists: They expressed the aspirations

8、of the class (proletariat) and held out an ideal, though a vague one, of a future society free from oppression and exploitation. The representatives are: Byron, Shelley, and Keats. They are revolutionary romanticists.Characteristics of RomanticismvAn increased appreciation of the beauty and power of

9、 nature. vA celebration of emotion and the senses (feeling, intuition). vAn emphasis on imagination as a means to attain spiritual truth. vGlorification of the commonplace (ordinary)vAn interest in the past, the unusual, the unfamiliar. vBelieve in individuality and freedom.Representative PoetsvWill

10、iam Wordsworth威廉华兹华斯17701850vSamuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔泰勒科尔律治17721834vGeorge Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦17881824vPersy Bysshe Shelley波西比希雪莱17921822vJohn Keats约翰济慈17951821William Wordsworth 华兹华斯华兹华斯 (17701850)IntroductionvWilliam Wordsworth (17701850) vEnglish poet, One of the great English poets, he was a le

11、ader of the romantic movement in England. ContentsvLife storyvLake poetsvWordsworth Principles of poetryvWordsworth short poemsvStudy and appreciation of his poetryvAssessmentWordsworths Life a lawyers family death of parentsgrammar schoollake districtCambridge, vocationsummer tour to FranceAfter ge

12、tting his degree in Cambridge1791, back to Francefinancial difficulties1797, Coleridgeweakened revolutionary spiritseclusion in Lake DistrictPoet Laureatedied in 1850, at the age of 80Lake PoetsWordsworth华兹华斯华兹华斯Coleridge 柯尔律治柯尔律治Southey 骚塞骚塞beginning as radicals and closing as conservativesLyrical

13、Ballads (1798)vJointly published by Wordsworth and S.T. ColeridgevThe majority of poems in this collection were written by WordsworthvColeridges chief contribution was his masterpiece The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. (古舟子咏)Wordsworth Principles of poetryvIn the preface of Lyrical Ballads, he set for

14、th his principles of peotry.v1. All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.v2.The true function of poetry lies in its power to give an unexpected splendor to familiar and commonplace things. (humble, rustic life as subject-matter)v3. As to language, he endeavored to bring his l

15、anguage near to the real language of man. deliberate simplicity, refusal to decorate.v4. He advocats a return to nature.He started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self.Wordsworth short poemsv1. Poems about naturevA great poet of nature. a worshipper of nature. Its nature that give

16、s him strength and knowledge full of peace.Lake DistrictLake DistrictWordsworths birthplace in Cockermouth, CumberlandGrasmere in Lake District and Dove CottageDove CottageOld Residence of William Wordsworthin Rydal MountLines Written in Early Spring “早春诗行早春诗行”To the Cuckoo “致布谷鸟致布谷鸟” The Daffodils

17、“水仙花水仙花”I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud “我独自漫游像一朵浮云我独自漫游像一朵浮云”My Heart Leaps Up “我的心激烈地跳动我的心激烈地跳动”Intimations of Immortality “不朽颂不朽颂” Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey“丁登寺杂丁登寺杂咏咏”v2. Poems about human lifevHe thinks that a common life is the only subject of literary interest. He is a maste

18、r hand in searching and revealing the feelings of common people. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. His sympathy always goes to the suffering poor. pathetic(忧郁忧郁) pictures of the working people“The Solitary Reaper” “孤独的收割者孤独的收割者”“We Are Seven” “我们是七个我们是七个”“The Ruined Cottage”“

19、Simon Lee”“The Old Cumberland Beggar”I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud(To Daffodils)I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils:Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Note: a crowd, / A hos

20、t, of: a large number of. Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.The waves beside them danced; but theyOutdid the sparkling waves in glee;A poet

21、could not but be gay;In such a jocund company;I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought.For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the da

22、ffodils. Notes:vacant: empty, thoughtless. that inward eye / Which is the bliss of solitude: the poet thinks that it is a bliss to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind while he is in solitude. I Wondered Lonely as a CloudThe four six-line stanzas of this poem follow a quatrain-couplet rhyme sc

23、heme: ABABCC. Each line is metered in iambic tetrameter. Question 1nWhat is your general impression on this poem? The poet depicts his wandering and discovery of a field of daffodils by a lake, the memory of which pleases him and comforts him when he is lonely, bored, or restless. The poem discloses

24、 the relationship between nature and human beings: how nature can affect ones emotion and behavior with its motion and sound.nWhat does the image of cloud suggest to you? nCloud represents the feelings of the speaker (the poet) essentially. It indicates: loneliness, isolation, solitude, aimlessness,

25、 aloofnessnI wandered lonely as a cloud-lonelinessnThat floats on-aimlessnessnHigh over vales and hills-solitude, isolationQuestion 3nWhat has cheered the poet up? And how? na host of golden daffodils. nfluttering, dancing and glittering daffodils; Shine and twinkle as the stars; Stretched endlessly

26、nThe cloud-like poet is deeply attracted by the beauty of the nature and turns to be high-spirited, instead of being lonely any more.Question 4nWhat has the poet meditated from what he has described? And the theme?nIn loneliness or in low spirit, the recollection of the nature beauty brings him “the

27、 bliss” and “pleasure” in his heart. nTherefore the idea of going back to nature is advocated and clearly expressed in this poem. Question 5nPay attention to the tense used in this poem. What does it indicate?npast tensenthe recollection of the past experience will arouse a new sense of the old memo

28、ries“what wealth the show to me had brought”“the bliss of solitude/ flash upon that inward eye”Summary of the poemnWhat does the poem impress you most? nUse of imagenVivid description of naturenDaily language She dwelt among the untrodden waysBeside the springs of Dove,livenever be stepped onShe Dwe

29、lt among the Untrodden WaysA maid whom there were none to praiseAnd very few to love A violet by a mossy toneHalf hidden from the eye!-Fair as a star, when only oneIs shining in the sky.She lived unknown, and few could knowWhen Lucy ceased to be;But she is in her grave, and, oh,The difference to me!

30、 diedQuestion 1nWhat are the three stanzas about? nIn memory of a country-girl named LucyQuestion 2nWhats significance of the girl to the speaker “I”? How do you know? nLucy lived unknown and few to love, but she is important and her death is a great shock to “me”. “A violet, fair as a star shining

31、in the skyWhen she ceased to me,/ the difference to me”Question 3nWhat are the images of the second stanza? nusing two dominant images1) Violet half hidden2) Star shining in the skyQuestion 4nWhy does the speaker compare Lucy to a violet, not a rose?n The rose will not do to supply a vague enhanceme

32、nt to Lucy. Lucys natural charm, like that of the violet, was derived from her modesty. She, too, was “half-hidden from the eye”, obscure and unnoticed. Question 5nDo you think the image of star is contradictory to the image of violet? no contradictionnViolet-Lucy: obscure, modest to the worldnStar-

33、Lucy: bright and unmatched to the eye of her lover:She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways vMetrical form: in alteration of 4 and 3 feet iambic meter (iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter) rhyming ababvLucy Poems: A series of poems by Wordsworth without titles or notes on the subject of an unknown and perhaps imaginary Lucy. The poems discuss the themes of love and loss.vThe poem eulogies the innocence and beauty of and laments the death of a girl, who is a unique beauty, an artistic work of immortality, a perfect union wit