初中英语阅读与备考

1、初中英语阅读与备考浙江省回浦中学 任美琴三个“纲性” （华师大 吕良环） 课程标准教科书(教材)考 试语言技能语言技能 语言知识语言知识情感态度情感态度 学习策略学习策略文化意识素养文化意识素养新课标的新课标的总体目标总体目标综综 合合 语语 言言 运运 用用 能能 力力面向全体学生，注重素质教育 整体设计目标，体现灵活开放 突出学生主体，尊重个体差异 采用活动途径，倡导体验参与 注重过程性评价，促进学生发展 开发课程资源，拓展学用渠道 课程标准的基本理念“英语课程标准英语课程标准”与与“英语教学大纲英语教学大纲”标准标准: 培养学生的综合语言运用能力。综合语言运用能力的形成建立在学生语言技能

2、、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整体的发展。大纲大纲: 由单纯传授知识向提高学生全面素质的方向转变。教学目标课标课标:面向全体学生，为学生全面发展和终身发展奠定基础； 关注学生的情感、营造民主、和谐的教学氛围； 倡导“任务型”的教学途径，培养学生综合语言运用能力； 加强对学生学习策略的指导，为学生终身学习奠定基础； 拓展学生的文化视野，发展学生跨文化交际的意识和能力； 利用现代教育技术，拓宽学生学习和运用英语的渠道； 组织生动活泼的课外活动，促进学生的英语学习； 不断更新知识结构，适应现代社会发展对英语课程的要求； 教学要求大纲大纲: 由单一、封闭型向灵活、开放型转化课标课标:

3、对每一阶段（级别）提出了较细化的易操作的细目。如：五级读的要求: 能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系； 能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和结局；能利用字典等工具书进行学习；除教材外，课堂阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。语言技能内容大纲大纲: 对听、说、读、写提出较笼统的要求其他:如语言知识、功能意念项目表等。 准确认识准确认识“学业水平考试学业水平考试”的的 变化和导向变化和导向考试名称初中毕业、升学考试初中毕业、升学考试初中毕业考试是衡量初中学生学业是否达到教学大纲规定的毕业要求的水平考试；升学考试是以初中毕业生为对象的，普通高中、

4、中等职业技术学校、综合高中等高中段各类学校招收合格新生的选拔性考试。初中毕业生学业考试初中毕业生学业考试初中毕业生学业考试是义务教育阶段的终结性考试，目的是全面、准确地反映初中毕业学生在学科学习目标方面所达到的水平。考试结果既是衡量学生学业的主要依据，也是高中阶段学校招生的重要依据之一。选拔与甄别学业评价考试方式说明 采用闭卷笔答的形式，试卷称“学业考试试卷。试卷分卷一和卷二两部分，卷一为客观题卷，卷二为综合试卷。试卷满分为120分，考试时间为100分钟。单独设置口语考试，成绩分合格和不合格两个等级，不计入总分，仅供高中段学校招生录取作参考。口语测试题型及分值：1）口语会话：4小题，共4分；2

5、）朗读短文：1题，共3分；3）根据短文，回答问题：3小题，共3分。 中考说明 分升学考试和毕业升学“两卷合一“考试两种形式。升学考试采用团卷笔答的形式。试卷称“升学考试试卷”。适用于经过毕业考试后的各类高中招生考试。试卷分卷一和卷二两部分，卷一客观题卷，卷二为非选择题。试卷满分为100分，考试时间为90分钟。“两卷合一”考试也采用闭卷答的形式。试卷称“毕业、升学（两卷合一）考试试卷”，适用于初中毕业考试或高中段部分学校的招生考试。试卷分卷一和卷二两部分，卷一为客观题卷，卷二为非选择题。试卷满分为120分，考试时间为100分钟。 试题难度分布容易题 稍难题 较难题 说明 约80%约10%约10%

6、中考说明 约50%约30%约20% 学业考试说明 中考说明考试范围和要求全日制义务教育英语课程标准（实验稿）中五级的相关内容 （JEFC第一册、第三册（下）人民教育出版社出版 考试要求把对学生语言知识与技能、情感态度、学习策略、文化意识的考查作为内容标准，并将考试要求清晰地分成三个层次：a、b、c，对每个知识条目的三个层次要求分别做了详尽细致的描述。 考试要求从低到高为识记、理解和运用，对每个知识条目的三个层次要求分别做了详尽细致的描述。 考试目标 说明 中考说明 能掌握15001600左右的单词，200300条左右的习惯用语及固定搭配，能在口笔头交际活动中运用。 能掌握1000个左右的单词，

7、200条左右的习惯用语及固定搭配，能在口笔头交际活动中运用，此外，还要求扩充400500个左右的认读词汇。 一初中学业考试阅读的命题Understanding a written text means extracting the required information from it as efficiently as possible.What is reading? Reading is a fluent process of readers combining information from a text and their own background to build mean

8、ing。 There are two main reasons for reading:- Reading for pleasure.- Reading for information (in order to find out something or in order to do something with the information you get).Why do we read?- Francoinse GretteReading involves a variety of skills. The main ones are listed below. (from John Mu

9、nbys Communicative Syllabus Design.) - Recognizing the script of a language- Deducing the meaning and use of unfamiliar lexical items- Understanding explicitly stated information - Understanding information when not explicitly stated- Understanding conceptual meaning- Understanding the communicative

10、 vaule (function) of sentences and utterances- Understanding relations within the sentence- Understanding relations between the parts of a text through lexical cohesion devices- Understanding cohesion between parts of a text through grammatical cohesion devices- Interpreting text by going outside it

11、- Recognizing indicators in discourse- Identifying the main point or important information in a piece of discourse- Distinguishing the main idea from supporting detailsReading skills- Extracting salient points to summarize (the text, an idea etc.)- Selective extraction of relevant points from a text

12、 - Basic reference skills- Skimming - Scanning to locate specifically required information- Transcoding information to diagrammatic display Reading skillsIn order to develop these skills, several types of exercises can be used. These question-types can have two different functions.1 To clarify the o

13、rganization of the passage.2 To clarify the contents of the passage. 1 To clarify the organization of the passage. The questions can be about:- the function of the passage- the general organization (e.g. argumentative)- the rhetorical organization (e.g. contrast, comparison)- the cohesive devices (e

14、.g. link-words) 2 To clarify the contents of the passage. The questions can be about:- plain fact (direct reference)- implied fact (inference)- deduced meaning (supposition)- evaluation评估(evaluation)综合(synthesis)分析(analysis)运用(application)理解(comprehension)认识(knowledge)高低BloomA.字面类 (Literal) 事实类 (Fac

15、tual)B. 推断类 (Inferential) 解释类 C. 应用类 (Applied)阅读理解是人们对书面信息进行认知并且已构建深层理解的心理过程。阅读不是一字不漏地处理文字符号，而是通过推测、选择、验证等一系列步骤对信息进行重新加工，根据句法和上下文关系进行预测，利用原句中最少的文字信息获得最多的逻辑理解。（王三立教与学05。4） 阅读理解主要考查学生对书面信息的理解能力，特别是获取信息的能力。3）充分考虑学生的实际生活，尽可能提供语义相对完整的语境和尽可能选用真实、地道和典型的当代英语素材。原则：1）根据课程标准五级的基本要求来确定考试内容，不与任何教材的具体内容相联系；2）着重考查

16、考生在具体情景中运用所学英语知识与技能的综合语言运用能力，特别是用英语做事的能力；常见题型： 1、 主旨概括题；2、细节理解题；3、词义猜测题；4、指代判断题；5、归纳推理题；6、作者态度、意图等。 题材: 涉及科技、新闻、教育、环保、幽默故事、应用文等；语言应原汁原味，富有时代气息，阅读材料的词数。 主旨大意题：The best title of this passage could (would) be _.The topic sentence of the passage is _.The main purpose of the passage is _.The writer in th

17、e text mainly tells us _.The passage is mainly aimed to _.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us _.What is the passage mainly about?What can be the best title for the text?Which of the following sentence can best describe the main idea of the passage?We Want You!WANTED: Do you want a busy and exciting job? Are

18、 you good at talking with people? Do you like to write stories? Do you want to work for a TV station? If your answer is “Yes”, then we want you as a (an) _. Please call John at 4223-6577.06台州卷.阅读A46. They are looking for _.A. a teacherB. a reporter C. an actor D. a driver47. Where can we read this t

19、ext? A.In a picture. B. In a dictionary. C. In a newspaper. D. In a story book.Victoria Middle School Report Student: Jenny Jones SubjectSubject GradeGrade* * CommentsComments* *Maths BGood work all year.Chinese A-Does well in this subject.English A+Very interested and very good job!ScienceCA little

20、 weak in this subject.ComputerDNot really interested and need improve.Sports ACaptain of girls soccer team, and on basketball team.Total Total GradeGrade B B Date: 20/6/05 Signed*: Mrs Brown 06台州卷 A48. Whose school report is this?A.Victorias.B. Jenny Jones. C. Mrs Browns.D. We dont know.49. Which su

21、bject of the following was Jenny best at?A.Maths. B. Chinese. C. English. D. Science.50. How did Jenny do in sports? A. Very well. B. With problems. C. A little weak. D. Not interested at all.BWhen Kyle walked into Ernies Pet World, he looked very anxious. The shop owner, Ernie, jumped out of his se

22、at to greet Kyle. He was the shops first customer* of the day. “Good morning, sir!” Ernie said, “What can I help you with?” “Well, I .” Kyle started to say.“Wait, dont tell me,” Ernie stopped him. “Youre looking for a a little dog for your daughters birthday. Right?” “Not really, I just .” Ernie did

23、nt let him finish. “Ah, Ive got it. You just moved to a new house, and you want some fish for it. I have some very nice fish bowls over here.” “In fact, I .” Kyle was starting to look very nervous and strange. “No fish? Ah, a cat! You look like a cat person. At Ernies Pet World, we have the best cat

24、s. Take a look at this lovely one with long, white hair. Shes looking at you. Shes thinking, Take me home. Take me home. Would you like some cat food and toys, too?” “No, thank you,” Kyle said. By this time, he was walking up and down. He had a terrible look on his face. “Really, Im not interested i

25、n cats or fish or little dogs.”“What do you want, then?” Ernie asked. Kyle looked like he was going to cry. “I just want to know if I can use your toilet!” he said at last.51. Which is TRUE about Ernies Pet World? A. It has many workers. B. Kyle goes there often. C. It sells school things. D. Ernie

26、is the owner of the shop.52. What kind of person is Ernie? A. Very lazy. B. Rather shy. C. Over warm-hearted. D. Not friendly.53. Kyle went into the Ernies Pet World to _. A. buy a little dog B. take fish home C. meet the shop owner D. look for a washroom 54. What does the underlined word “anxious”

27、mean in Chinese?A.焦急的B. 兴奋的 C. 生气的D. 失望的55. What is the best title* of the story?A.Kyle and ErnieB. Pet or Toilet C. A Pet Lover D. A Busy Pet ShopCMaybe you know floods, droughts, earthquakes, sandstorms and so on. But have you ever heard of typhoons*?Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually

28、around the Pacific Ocean* and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September.How does a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates* into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into the sky.

29、Then, cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles, and it keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 meter

30、s a second, a typhoon begins.A typhoon has two parts. One is called the “eye”. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. This is where the strongest winds and hardest rains are.Typhoons are very dangerous. In 2004, Typhoon Yunna killed 164 peopl

31、e in Zhejiang, and 24 people were missing. In May 2006, Typhoon Pearl hit Guangdong and Fujian, and thousands of houses were damaged*.What to do when a typhoon hits Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them. Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away y

32、our bikes! Listen to the radio or TV for important information. If youre told to go to a safer place, do so right away.56. Typhoons often happen _. A.in the hot seasonB. in the cold seasonC. only in ChinaD. under the sea57. Which picture can tell the meaning of the underlined sentences “Then, cooler

33、 air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left”？A. B. C. D.58. When a typhoon comes, we cannot _. A. close all the windowsB. listen to typhoon news C. stay outside with your bikeD. stay inside the strong house59. This passage is mainly about _ . A. the knowledge of typhoonB. the eye of a

34、typhoon C. the most dangerous typhoon YunnaD. the names of typhoon60. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The warmer the air gets, the slower the wind moves. B. This year Typhoon Pearl killed 164 people in Zhejiang. C. The strongest winds and hardest rains are in the eye of t

35、yphoon. D. A typhoon will happen when the wind goes faster than 30 meters a second.任务型阅读任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）同学们即将升入高中学习。请你根据以下五位同学的兴趣爱好，帮助他们选定各自感兴趣的高中选修课程，并将选修课的序号（A-E）分别填入答题卷的相应空格。Subjects A. A. Peking OperaPeking OperaB.American B.American historyhistoryC. C. CartoonCartoonmakingmakingD. D. Cook

36、ing Cooking E.E.PhotographyPhotography完形填空Did you ever hear this old saying? “The moon is made of green cheese.” People 1 this until about 1969. Then the first explorers landed on the moon. We learned different things about the moons surface then. 2 , we found it was hard and rough. It has many crat

37、ers(火山口).The moon is Earths only natural 3 . Its diameter is roughly one-fourth that of Earth. Its gravity is much less. Astronauts on the moons surface bounced rather than 4 .The moon circles Earth on the average of once every 29 days. Its orbit round Earth is not circular; it is more of an oval. S

38、o the moons distance from Earth can 5 quite a bit. Sometimes it is about 250,000 miles from Earth. Other times it is only 220,000 miles away.The back side of the moon always faces away from Earth. But this does not mean it is always dark. The moon gets its light from the sun, just like 6 in our sola

39、r system.Eclipses(月食) of the moon are fairly common. These happen when Earth comes 7 the sun and the moon. Then some or all of the moons light is blocked.Usually we see one full moon a month. Certain types of full moons have specific names. The Harvest Moon, for instance, is the moon nearest the fal

40、l equinox(about September 22. For several days after it, the moon 8 soon after sunset. This provides extra hours of light to farmers 9 their crops. The Hunters Moon is the next full moon after that. The light then is pretty similar to Harvest Moon light. A Blue Moon is not really blue. It is the nam

41、e given to the second full moon in a month. Sometimes two or three yeas pass 10 we get a Blue Moon.1. A. used to say B. were used to say C. were used to saying D. used to saying2. A. As a result B. Whats more C. For instance D. However3. A. satellite B. planet C. comet D. atmosphere4. A. walk B. jum

42、p C. walked D. jumped 5. A. different B. similar C. various D. vary6. A. something else B. everything else C. every other things D. some other things7. A. between B. among C. in D. to8. A. raises B. rises C. increases D. floats9. A. harvest B. harvesting C. harvested D. to harvest10. A. after B. unt

43、il C. when D. beforeFor me, Christmas always began in the middle of the cold, windy month of November. My sister Alice and I sat down in front of the fire and wrote a 31 to Father Christmas, telling him about all the presents we 32 . We carefully posted the letter to “Father Christmas, the North Pol

44、e”. Christmas Eve came. The whole family helped to 33 the house, put up the Christmas tree and blow up the balloons*. Then, in the afternoon, when Aunt Kate and my two cousins arrived, 34 was ready. Before we went to bed, we left some wine and meat for Father Christmas and then put our 35 at the end

45、 of our beds. We tried to keep 36 as long as possible to see Father Christmas, but the next thing we knew it was 37 Christmas morning! We couldnt wait to 38 the stocking. It was now full of all kinds of small presents and sweets. Christmas morning was bright and sunny. After going to church, my cous

46、in David and I went out into the garden to 39 our new presents. Lunch was always late, but what a lunch! Delicious turkey with all the vegetables followed by fruits and ice creams. 40 lunch, Father, Mother and Aunt rested on the sofas in front of the Queens speech* on TV. We took out the toys, put o

47、n the funny paper hats, laughed at the jokes and played 41 . Then came the afternoon tea and a large 42 cake covered with snowmen. It didnt seem possible, 43 we still went on eating. By bedtime all of us children were very 44 . As soon as Mom 45 the light, we all fell into a deep sleep.通读下面短文，掌握其大意，

48、然后从3145各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。For me, Christmas always began in the middle of the cold, windy month of November. My sister Alice and I sat down in front of the fire and wrote a 31 to Father Christmas, telling him about all the presents we 32 . We carefully posted the letter to “Father Christmas, the Nor

49、th Pole”.31. A.card B.letter C.diary D.composition32. A.wanted B.carriedC.soldD. borrowed Christmas Eve came. The whole family helped to 33 the house, put up the Christmas tree and blow up the balloons*. Then, in the afternoon, when Aunt Kate and my two cousins arrived, 34 was ready. Before we went

50、to bed, we left some wine and meat for Father Christmas and then put our 35 at the end of our beds. We tried to keep 36 as long as possible to see Father Christmas, but the next thing we knew it was 37 Christmas morning!33. A.repair B.build C.choose D.decorate 34. A.something B.nothing C.everything

51、D.anything 35. A. shoes B. trousers C. jackets D. stockings 36. A. awake B. asleep C. alone D. away 37. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. night We couldnt wait to 38 the stocking. It was now full of all kinds of small presents and sweets. Christmas morning was bright and sunny. After going to ch

52、urch, my cousin David and I went out into the garden to 39 our new presents. Lunch was always late, but what a lunch! Delicious turkey with all the vegetables followed by fruits and ice creams.38. A.wash B.change C.open D.hang39. A.hand in B.play with C.throw away D.pass on 40 lunch, Father, Mother

53、and Aunt rested on the sofas in front of the Queens speech* on TV. We took out the toys, put on the funny paper hats, laughed at the jokes and played 41 . Then came the afternoon tea and a large 42 cake covered with snowmen. It didnt seem possible, 43 we still went on eating. By bedtime all of us ch

54、ildren were very 44 . As soon as Mom 45 the light, we all fell into a deep sleep.40. A.Before B.After C.During D.At41. A.happily B.carefully C.silentlyD.slowly42. A.birthday B.New Year C.Christmas D.Thanksgiving43. A.but B.so C.orD.and44. A.hungry B.tired C.excitedD.surprised45. A.turned on B.turned back C.turned up D.turned off 初中阅读教学初中阅读教学Read for surface meaning 阅读的几个层面阅读的几个层面Rea