比较级及其比较句型讲义

1、.比较级及比较句型一基本特征1. 形容词和副词比较级的形式 应和比较连词对应出现 ，即应符合原级比较及比较级的结构。如：-Do you enjoy listening to records?-I find records are often as good as, or better than an actual performance.2.比较的成分应属于同类事物或同类概念。 如：Young readers, more often than not, findthe novels of Dickens far more exciting than Thackeray s.- Thackera

2、ys novels3.比较级的修饰语如 a little, a lot, the, any, even, far, hardly, lots, much, rather，还有表 示 倍 数 比 较 的 词 等 ， 他 们 的 位 置 是 ： 修 饰 语 +asas, 或 修 饰 语 +more than 。如：Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.“ Doyou regret paying five hu

3、ndred dollars for the painting? “”No,I wouldgladly have paid twice as much for it.”4.下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概念：inferior ， minor，senior， prior ， prefer to，superior ，major， junior ，preferable， differ from，compared with，in comparison with， different from，rather than。如：Their watch is superior to all the othe

4、r watches on the market.二基本用法1. 同级比较A. 基本形式 “ as 原+级 +as”结构eg. He s as tall as I.B.否定的同级比较常用not as as或 not so as.eg. He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.C.变体1) as + much/many + 名词 + asThere are as many students in Class 3 as in Class 4.2) as +形原级 + a + 名词 +asHe is as clever a boy as his brot

5、her.3) as + 形 + 不可数名词 + as4) 名词复数 +as +形 + asI used to have some dolls as lovely as yours.5) the same as/ be similar to2.比较级A. 基本结构 “比较级 +than ”结构He is taller than I (am tall).She sees me more often than she sees her brother.B.变体1) 形比较级+ 名 + thanHe is a cleverer boy than his brother.2) 名 + 形比较级+ tha

6、nHe is a boy cleverer than his brother.3) the + 形比较级 + of + the two4) superior/ inferior to3.最高级A. 常用 “ the 最+高级 +比较范围 ”eg. This is the best picture in the hall.He sings the best in the class.B. 变体1) more than any other.2) Not + 比较等级三 . 值得注意的比较级句型1. 比较级的特殊用法1）the+比较级 , the+比较级此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为“越

7、就越 ”，如：The better I knew him, the more I liked him.The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I ll be able to answer them.该结构一共有三条规则：1）. the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格2）. the more 后面的谓语如果是be 动词的话，可以省略3）. 第二个 the more 后面可以使用倒装，而第一个后面却不行the more, the more其实是原因状语从句，前面是原因（从句），后面是结果（主句），倒装句中必须是主句倒装，

8、从句绝对不能够倒装。例 1：The stronger _ magnet, the greater the number of lines of magnetic force.(A) of(B) the(C) is the(D) is of the分析：本题显然考查 ”the more the more 结”构， the more 后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格，因此只能选择 B例 2：The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner,_to the body.(A) the stre

9、ss it is greater (B) greater is the stress (C) greater stress is (D) the greater the stress分析：正确答案为 D。此题考 the more the more句型，只有 D 符合这一句型的要求，故选 D。- the greater the stress it yields to the body.2) the+比较级 +of the two ：He is the taller of the two.She was the more promising worker of the two.3)比较级 +and

10、+ 比较级此句型表示 “越来越 ”，如：Things are getting better and better every day.It s becoming more and more difficult to find a job.2. as as的特殊用法1) asas句型可以用来比较两个不同事物或人的两个不同特征，表示两个事物的状况处于同等程度或两个事物之间具有连带关系。S1 + V1 + as + adj. 1+ S2+V2+adj.2He was as experienced as his brother was green他经验丰富，而他弟弟初出茅庐。She is as kin

11、d as her brother is honestThe prisons are as over crowded as the farmlands are empty监狱里人满为患，而农田却无人耕种。(两者程度相等，但是状况截然不同，以突出两者的对比 )2）as as句型还可以用来比较一个事物或一个人的两个不同的特征，表示两个特征同时存在，具有bothand的含义。S +V+as + adj. 1+ as +adj.2S+V+as +n.1+as +n.2The landlord was as greedy as cruelThe problems are as numerous as tr

12、ivialIt is as your fault as your wife s3）as ascan be,asas any（anything）， asas ever lived：表示某事达到了无以复加的程度，最，极其。.They are as unreliable as they can be He is as great a mathematician as any（as ever lived）My sister is as green as green can beHe pretends to be as modest as anything4）as likely as not：该结构并无

13、否定含义，表示很可能之意，而且语气强烈。例如：He will forget all about it as likely as not类似的用法还有： as often as not，more often than not，表示经常、 往往之意。3not so much as：这个句型用以 肯定 as后面的内容 ，而在一定程度上 否定 as前面的内容 ，表示 “与其说还不如说 ”。Experience shows that success is notso much due to ability as to passion- not so much due to ability as (due

14、) to passionI was attracted not so much by the plot of the story as by the actor s excellentperformance4(1) As C is to D ，so is A to B：这个句型表示 A 与 B 之间的关系就像X 与 Y 之间的关系 ，以人们所熟知的两个事物之间的关系说明一个不被熟知或被忽视的两事物之间的关系，是一种类比：A 对于 B，犹如 X 对于 Y 。例如：As the house is to the man，so is the nest to the birdAs food is to

15、the body，so is reading to the mind(2) A is to B what C is to DThe people is to the Partys army what water is to fish.Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.5more than 与 less than 的相关特殊用法1）more A than B ：表示与 not so muchas 类似的含义，肯定的是 A ，而在一定程度上否定 B。 “与其说是 B，还不如说是 A”。He is more brave than

16、wiseThe child was more frightened than hurtMany patients die more of worry than of cancer when they get to know the truth about their illness2) more than 的特殊用法对同一对象的两个方面进行比较：若是对同一个人或物在不同方面进行取舍时，意为 “与其说 倒不如 ”，。如：He is more hungry than tired.I was more annoyed than worried.3）more than名词形容词分词：表示内容超出了后面

17、词语所表达的范围，“不只于，超过，极其 ”。例如：If you tell your father what you，hevedonellbmore than a little angryWe were more than happy to hear of your return4) no more than 与 not more thanno more than 表示对两者都否定，意为“同 一样不 ” (=neither . nor)；not more than指两者虽都具有某种特征，但程度不同，意为“不如 ”、 “不及 ” (=not so . as)。He is no more a wri

18、ter than a painter. (= He is neither a painter nor a writer.)He s no more able to read Spanish than I am.(=Neither he nor I am not read Spanish.)This book is not more difficult than that one.(=This book is not so difficult as that one.).5) no more than 与 no less thanno more than意为 “与一样不 ”，否定两者；no le

19、ss than表示 “和 一样 ”，肯定两者。She s no more a great singer than I am.他不是优秀歌手，我也不是。Your brother is no less wise than you.你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。6) not + 比较级 + than /no +比较级 + than比较级前加 not，表示前者不如后者，与not as as相当；比较级前加 no 是对两者的否定，意为 “和 一样不 ”，与 neither nor 或“ as+相反意义的形容词或副词+as”相当。如：He is not taller than me.He is no taller

20、 than me.他同我一样不高。 (即一样矮 )His English is not better than mine.His English is no better than mine.他的英语同我的英语一样不好。(即一样差 )7) no more than 与 not more than 表示数量时no more than “仅仅 ”、“只不过 ”， 强调少；not more than 表示 “不多于 ”、 “至多 ”。（无强调）This test takes no more than thirty minutes.For thirty years, he had done no mo

21、re than he had needed to.He has not more than three children.他最多3 个孩子 (有或许还不到3 个之意 )。.8). no less than 与 not less than 表示数量no less than 意为 “多达 ”、“有 之多 ”， 强调多；not less than 表示 “不下于 ”、 “至少 ”。如：He paid no less than $10,000 for it.He paid not less than $10,000 for it.He walks no less than five miles to

22、school. 他上学至少要走五英里。四比较级及比较句型注意要项比较结构中要注意：1、倒装性例 1：Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _eastern Nebraska.(A) does(B) in(C) it does in(D) in it does分析：than 引导比较状语从句， 空格后面是个专有名词， 肯定是比较从句的主语，空格处明显缺从句的谓语动词，只有（ A ）符合条件，故选（ A ）。注意 than eastern Nebraska does是正确的语序，但是原文中使用了倒装；在比较结构的后面部分中， 如果比较

23、从句的主语长， 谓语动词短， 动词可放到主语前面进行到装。例 2： Hot objects emit _do cold objects.(A) rays more than infrared(B) rays are more infrared than(C) more than infrared rays(D) more infrared rays than.分析： emit 为及物动词，空格处缺宾语和引导比较从句的than, 只有（ D）符合条件。注意空格后为倒装形式，do 代替 emit 以避免重复。此题为常考的句子结构。2、对称性比较结构中还需要注意相互比较的必须属于同一种事物,例例 3

24、：The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than_.(A) the domestic marketer has(B) the domestic marketer does(C) those of the domestic marketer(D) that which has the domestic marketer分析：本题还是考查比较句，由于谓语动词是系动词are, 故先排除与其不对应的以 has和 does结尾的（ A ）和（ B）。选项 D 则语义不清，也

25、可排除。C 中 those代替前面提到的activities 以避免重复， those一定要具备， 因为只有这样才能满足比较的都是activities，谓语动词 are 因与主句谓语动词相同而被省略，因此 C 为正确答案。例 4：The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is greater than -.(A)that of its mining and farming combined(B) miningand farmingcombination(C) that mining and farming combined(D) of its combination mining andfarming分析：本题为比较句， 一般来说，比较的双方应属于同一