unit 4 text B

1、 Text B Changing Attitudes to Lifelong EmploymentTextWords & ExpressionsMain IdeasDetailed UnderstandingText-related Exercises (I)Pre-reading TasksText-related Exercises (II)Pre-reading tasksDiscuss the following questions in class.1. What kind of job do you want to have in the future?2. Do you

2、think you should keep on learning if you work after graduation?Words and Expressions attitude lifelong employment corporation hire major hunt represent probably employer policy particularly training staff personnel manager firm select suitable employee recently investment advantage flexible internat

3、ional lay offattitude n. (to, toward) feeling about or toward someone or something 态度态度, , 看法看法 e.g. a positive attitude She has a good attitude toward work; shes always cheerful. Whats your attitude to his suggestion?lifelongadj.continuing for a lifetime 毕生的毕生的, 终身的终身的e.g. a lifelong friend / 一辈子的朋

4、友一辈子的朋友employmentn. 1. the act of employing 雇佣雇佣2. the state of being employed 被雇佣的状态被雇佣的状态3. the work in which one is engaged; occupation 某某人所从事的工作；职业人所从事的工作；职业 e.g. He left his home to look for employment. 他离家去找职业。他离家去找职业。corporationn.1. a body that is granted a charter legally recognizing it as a

5、 separate legal entity having its own rights, privileges, and liabilities distinct from those of its members 法人法人2. a group of people combined into or acting as one body 集体集体 e.g. John works for a large American chemical corporation. 约翰为一家美国大化学公司工作。约翰为一家美国大化学公司工作。hirev.1. to engage the services of (

6、a person) for a fee; employ雇佣雇佣 e.g. hire a new clerk2. to engage the temporary use of for a fee; rent 租用租用 e.g. hire a car for the dayn. 1. the act of hiring 雇佣雇佣; 雇佣的行为雇佣的行为2. the condition or fact of being hired 受雇受雇 majoradj.1. greater than others in importance or rank 主要的，主要的，较重要的较重要的 e.g. a ma

7、jor artist 主要的艺术家主要的艺术家2. great in scope or effect 卓越的，显著的卓越的，显著的 e.g. a major improvementn.主修科目，专业学生主修科目，专业学生e.g. I am an English major.huntv. 1. to search for 搜寻搜寻, ,寻找寻找 e.g. The children hunted for sea shells on the beach. I hunted everywhere for my lost keys.2. to chase in order to catch and ki

8、ll wild animals 打猎打猎, ,猎取猎取 e.g. Every autumn, many people hunt deer in this area. n. 1. a search 搜寻搜寻, ,寻找寻找 e.g. We went on a hunt for the lost document.2. an act of hunting for wild animals 打猎打猎, ,狩猎狩猎: e.g. the long hunt through the fields and woodsrepresent v.1. to stand for; symbolize 代表；象征代表；

9、象征 e.g. The bald eagle represents the United States. 秃鹰象征了美国。秃鹰象征了美国。2. to indicate or communicate by signs or symbols 意指意指 e.g. Letters of the alphabet represent sounds. 字母表中的字母意指发音。字母表中的字母意指发音。probablymost likely; presumably 很可能地；大概很可能地；大概e.g. It will probably rain. 天很可能要下雨了。天很可能要下雨了。 A: Will it r

10、ain this afternoon? B: Probably not.adv.employern. 雇主雇主e.g. The car industry is one of our biggest employers. 汽车工业是我们最大的雇主之一。汽车工业是我们最大的雇主之一。构词构词 employ 雇用雇用 + -or 者者 ：employer 雇主雇主 employ 雇用雇用 + -ee 被被者：者：employee 雇员雇员policyn.1. a plan or course of action, as of a government, political party, or bus

11、iness, intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, and other matters政策政策 e.g. the companys personnel policy / 该公司的人事政策该公司的人事政策2. a course of action, guiding principle, or procedure considered expedient, prudent, or advantageous 手段；手段；计谋；策略计谋；策略 e.g. Honesty is the best policy. 诚实是最好的策略。诚

12、实是最好的策略。particularlyadv. 1. to a great degree; especially 很大程度上地；特别地很大程度上地；特别地 e.g. I particularly like the brown shoes.2. with particular reference or emphasis; individually or specifically 特别提及或强调地；个别地或具体地特别提及或强调地；个别地或具体地 e.g. Everyone has a moment in history which belongs particularly to him. 每个人

13、在历史上都有只属于他自己的一刻。每个人在历史上都有只属于他自己的一刻。trainingn.1. the process or routine of one who trains 训练训练 e.g. training for the race / 为参加赛跑而锻炼为参加赛跑而锻炼2. the state of being trained 受训受训 staffn.1. a stout stick used as a weapon 棍棒；警棍棍棒；警棍2. the personnel who carry out a specific enterprise 全全体雇员体雇员 e.g. the nurs

14、ing staff of a hospitalv.1. to provide with a staff of workers or assistants 为为配置工人或助手等职工配置工人或助手等职工2. to serve on the staff of 作作的雇员的雇员n. 1. all the people employed by a company, in the armed forces, etc. 员工员工 e.g. The company had to fire half of its personnel to cut costs. military personnel2. the

15、department in a company that deals with ( the complaints and difficulties of ) the employees 人事人事部部 e.g. the personnel manager I went to personnel to ask about the company retirement program.personnelmanager n.1. one who handles, controls, or directs, especially 经经营人营人 2. one who directs a business

16、or other enterprise 经理经理 3. one who controls resources and expenditures, as of a household 当家人当家人 e.g. My wife is an excellent manager. 我太太是个很好的管家。我太太是个很好的管家。firmn. 公司公司, (, (合伙合伙) )商号商号adj.1. resistant to externally applied pressure 坚硬的坚硬的 e.g. a firm belief / 坚定的信念坚定的信念 Prices are still firm. 物价仍然

17、稳定。物价仍然稳定。 The teacher was firm and did not change her mind. 老师很坚决，他不改变主意。老师很坚决，他不改变主意。2. marked by or indicating the tone and resiliency of healthy tissue 健壮的健壮的 e.g. firm muscles / 结实的肌肉结实的肌肉selectv.to take as a choice from among several; pick out 选选择，选出择，选出 e.g. I was selected for the team. 我被选入这

18、个队。我被选入这个队。adj.singled out in preference; chosen 挑选出来的；精选的挑选出来的；精选的 e.g. a select few / 精选出来的少数精选出来的少数suitableadj. appropriate to a purpose or an occasion 合适的合适的 e.g. This toy is not suitable for young children. 这个玩具不适合小孩玩。这个玩具不适合小孩玩。employee n.a person who works for another in return for financial

19、or other compensation 雇员雇员 e.g. employee benefits / 雇员利益雇员利益 employee unions / 雇员联合会雇员联合会 employee relations / 雇员关系雇员关系recently adv.最近，新近最近，新近e.g. The company has recently acquired a new office building in central Boston. 这家公司最近在波斯顿市中心买了一幢新的办公楼。这家公司最近在波斯顿市中心买了一幢新的办公楼。 Things got so bad recently that

20、 he decided to go on a diet. 近来情况变得如此糟糕近来情况变得如此糟糕,以致他决定节食了。以致他决定节食了。investmentn. 1. the act of investing / 投资投资2. an amount invested / 投资额投资额3. property or another possession acquired for future financial return or benefit / 资本资本4. a commitment, as of time or support / 投入投入advantagen.1. a beneficial

21、 factor or combination of factors 有利条有利条件件2. benefit or profit; gain 利益利益 e.g. It is to your advantage to invest wisely. 明智地投资对你很有利。明智地投资对你很有利。3. a relatively favorable position; superiority of means 有利地位有利地位 e.g. A better education gave us the advantage. 良好的教育使我们处于有利地位。良好的教育使我们处于有利地位。flexibleadj.1.

22、 capable of being bent or flexed; pliable 柔软的柔软的2. capable of being bent repeatedly without injury or damage 弹性的弹性的3. susceptible to influence or persuasion; tractable 温温顺的顺的4. responsive to change; adaptable 可变通的；易适应可变通的；易适应的的 e.g. a flexible schedule / 可变通的日程表可变通的日程表internationaladj.1. of, relatin

23、g to, or involving two or more nations 国际的国际的 e.g. an international commission / 一个国际委员会一个国际委员会 international affairs / 国际事务国际事务2. extending across or transcending national boundaries 超越国界的超越国界的 e.g. international fame / 国际声誉国际声誉n.国际性组织国际性组织, 国际比赛国际比赛lay off1. to terminate the employment of (a worke

24、r), especially temporarily 暂时解雇员工暂时解雇员工 e.g. laid-off workers / 下岗工人下岗工人2. to mark off 划界线划界线 e.g. lay off an area for a garden / 划出一块区域作划出一块区域作 为花园为花园 Text B Changing Attitudes to Lifelong Employment 1 This fall, as usual, companies and corporations are busily hiring new graduates. Major cities are

25、 crowded with young men and women who have just graduated from high school or college and who are hunting for a job.2 One high school graduate says that the employment season represents judgment day for many students. “Our whole lives are decided during this period when were looking for a company to

26、 work for,” she says. “I know that when I finally find a job, Ill probably be with that company for the rest of my life, and that makes the job search very important.”译译 文文3 For some employers, the policy of lifetime employment is particularly important because it means that they can put money and e

27、ffort into training their staff. The personnel manager of one large firm reports that the policy here is different from most other countries, where companies employ people who are already trained and whose skills can be used immediately. “What we do here, however, is to select young people who have

28、potential and who can be trained,” he said. “We then give them the kinds of skills that will make them suitable employees for us.”译译 文文Text B (continued)Text B (continued 2)4 One recently employed graduate says that sheis receiving a great deal of valuable training from the company. “This means that

29、 I will be a loyalemployee,” she says. “And it also means that thecompany will keep me. I am an important investment for them. So the policy is a good one because it is of great benefit to both the employer and the employee.” 译译 文文5 Recently, however, attitudes toward lifelong employment are beginni

30、ng to change. Employees are slowly beginning to accept the idea that lifelong employment is not always in their best interest and that changing firms can have career advantages. Companies are also developing more flexible employment policies. “I thought I had a job for life,” says one young woman wh

31、o lasted just six months in her first job. “However, when the company lost a big international order, I was laid off. Im now looking for another job.”译译 文文Text B (continued 3)变化中的终身就业观变化中的终身就业观1 跟往年一样跟往年一样, 今年秋季各家公司正忙于招聘应届毕业今年秋季各家公司正忙于招聘应届毕业生。大城市里挤满了刚刚从中学或大学毕业的青年男女生。大城市里挤满了刚刚从中学或大学毕业的青年男女,大家都在忙着找工作。

32、大家都在忙着找工作。2 一个中学毕业生说一个中学毕业生说, 就业季节对于许多学生而言意味就业季节对于许多学生而言意味着最后审判日。她说着最后审判日。她说, “当我们在寻找工作单位时当我们在寻找工作单位时, 我们的我们的一生就被决定了。我知道一生就被决定了。我知道, 当我最后找到一份工作当我最后找到一份工作, 我可能我可能会从一而终。这就使得找工作这件事变得极为重要。会从一而终。这就使得找工作这件事变得极为重要。”课文译文3 对于一些雇主而言对于一些雇主而言, 终身雇用的政策极为重要终身雇用的政策极为重要, 因为这因为这意味着公司可以投入财力和物力培训自己的雇员。一家大意味着公司可以投入财力和物

33、力培训自己的雇员。一家大公司的人事部经理说公司的人事部经理说, 他们的政策不同于大多数其他国家。他们的政策不同于大多数其他国家。在其他国家在其他国家, 公司雇用已经受过培训的人公司雇用已经受过培训的人, 这些人所掌握的这些人所掌握的技能马上就能派上用场。技能马上就能派上用场。“然而我们所做的事挑选一些有然而我们所做的事挑选一些有潜潜力力, 可培养的年轻人可培养的年轻人, 然后传授他们技能然后传授他们技能, 把他们培养成公把他们培养成公司需要的员工。司需要的员工。” 课文译文课文译文4 一个新近被录用的毕业生说公司正给她提供大量有一个新近被录用的毕业生说公司正给她提供大量有价值的培训。她说价值的

34、培训。她说: “这意味着我将成为一名忠诚的员工这意味着我将成为一名忠诚的员工,同时也意味着公司将留住我。我是公司的一项重要投资。同时也意味着公司将留住我。我是公司的一项重要投资。因此因此, 终身雇用是一项很好的投资政策终身雇用是一项很好的投资政策, 它对雇主和雇员都它对雇主和雇员都有利。有利。” 5 然后然后, 近来人们多终身雇用的看法有了转变。雇员们慢慢近来人们多终身雇用的看法有了转变。雇员们慢慢地开始接受了这样的观念地开始接受了这样的观念: 终身就业于某一单位对他们来说并终身就业于某一单位对他们来说并非最好非最好, 跳槽有利于职业发展。一些公司也正在开发更具有弹跳槽有利于职业发展。一些公司

35、也正在开发更具有弹性的就业政策。一位年轻妇女第一份工作只干了半年性的就业政策。一位年轻妇女第一份工作只干了半年, 她说她说: “以前我以为得到了一份终身职业以前我以为得到了一份终身职业, 可是当公司失去了一笔巨额可是当公司失去了一笔巨额国际订单后国际订单后, 我就失业了。现在我就失业了。现在, 我正在另找工作。我正在另找工作。”课文译文Major cities are crowded with young men and women who have just graduated from high school or college and who are hunting for a job

36、.大城市挤满了刚刚从中学或大学毕业的正在找工作的大城市挤满了刚刚从中学或大学毕业的正在找工作的毕业生。毕业生。句中有两个并列的以句中有两个并列的以who 引导的定语从句，修饰前面引导的定语从句，修饰前面的的men and women. Judgment Day 最后审判日最后审判日根据根据, 到了世界末日，死者将从墓中复活，接到了世界末日，死者将从墓中复活，接受基督审判，其中好人升上天堂，坏人贬入地狱。受基督审判，其中好人升上天堂，坏人贬入地狱。1. the time after death when everyone is judged by God for what they have d

37、one in life, according to Christianity and some other religions, also: Day of Judgment; The Last Judgment2. the day when a very important event takes place: e.g. Tomorrow is judgment day for me because I will know whether I get the job.I know that when I finally find a job, Ill probably be with that

38、 company for the rest of my life, and that makes the job search very important.”我知道当我最终找到一份工作，我会在那家公司干一辈我知道当我最终找到一份工作，我会在那家公司干一辈子，这就使得找工作这件事极其重要。子，这就使得找工作这件事极其重要。句中句中 be with 意思是意思是“在（某单位）工作在（某单位）工作”, and 后面的后面的 that指的是要在那家公司干一辈子这个情况。指的是要在那家公司干一辈子这个情况。Exercise 汉译英汉译英: : 他在这家公司干了十年了。他在这家公司干了十年了。Key:

39、Hes been with the firm for ten years.The personnel manager of one large firm reports that the policy here is different from most other countries, where companies employ people who are already trained and whose skills can be used immediately. 一家大公司的人事经理说他们的政策不同于大多数别的国一家大公司的人事经理说他们的政策不同于大多数别的国家，在别的国家，

40、公司雇用受过训练的人，这些人的技能马家，在别的国家，公司雇用受过训练的人，这些人的技能马上就可以用得上。上就可以用得上。句中句中where 引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰 other countries. 该句还包含两个分别以该句还包含两个分别以 who 和和 whose 引导的定引导的定语从句。语从句。Employees are slowly beginning to accept the idea that lifelong employment is not always in their best interest and that changing fi

41、rms can have career advantages雇员们慢慢地开始接受了这样的理念：终身就职于某雇员们慢慢地开始接受了这样的理念：终身就职于某 一单位对一单位对他们来说并非最好，跳槽对职业发展有好处。他们来说并非最好，跳槽对职业发展有好处。in sbs interest : helping someone and giving them an advantagee.g. act in the best interest of the patient It may not be in her interests to change jobs so soon.in the interes

42、t of sb. : in order to achieve a particular situation or quality e.g. It is in our interest that there will be peace in that area. In the interest of safety, passengers are advised to wear their seat belts at all times. I thought I had a fob for life,” says one young woman who lasted just six months

43、 in her first job“我认为我有了一份一辈子的工作，我认为我有了一份一辈子的工作，” 一个年轻女子说，她的一个年轻女子说，她的第一份工作仅仅维持了第一份工作仅仅维持了6个月。个月。six months 前省略了前省略了for lastv. 1. to continue to exist 近近 endure e.g. How long will the meeting last? Most sessions last about half an hour.2. to be enough for a period of time e.g. Ive only got $5 to las

44、t me till the end of the week.3. to survive, live e.g. The wounded is not expected to last the night. 近近 survive Main Ideas Fill in the blanks with appropriate words according to the reading passage. Many high school and college graduates have the idea that once they are employed, they will be _that

45、 company for the _of their lives. At the same time, some _ have adopted a lifetime employment_. Once they hire people, they can put money and_into training them, and make them_employees for the companies. _some extent, this policy is good because it is of great benefit to both employers and _. Recen

46、tly, however, some employees are beginning to change their _ toward the lifelong employment and they think changing firms can bring them career _.withrestemployerspolicyeffortsuitableToemployeesattitudesadvantages Detailed Understanding of Text BComplete the following sentences according to the text. 1. Benefits of lifelong employment for employees: 1) They can_. 2) They can_. 2. Benefi