英语句子成分讲解及句子类型ppt课件

1、1取得英语语法成功的基石取得英语语法成功的基石2词类词类作作 用用例例 词词1. （n.）名）名 词词表示人或事物的名表示人或事物的名称。称。I bought a book .She is a student.2. (pron.）代词代词代替名词、数词等。代替名词、数词等。This is my friend. He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him. Parts of Speach33. （adj.）形容词形容词表示人或事物表示人或事物的特征或性状。的特征或性状。He is small but he is clever. The r

2、ed pen is useful for the teacher. He painted the wall white yesterday.44. (num.）数词数词表示数目或表示数目或顺序。顺序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.5. （v.）动）动 词词表示动作或表示动作或状态。状态。We are working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.56. （adv.）副）副 词词表示动作的特表示动作的特征或性状特征。征或性状特征。I lik

3、e English very much.The teacher treats us kindly .The train goes fast. He seldom comes to see us. 7. (prep.）介）介 词词表示名词、代表示名词、代词和其他词之词和其他词之间的关系。间的关系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.68. （conj.）连词连词连接词与词或句连接词与词或句与句的作用。与句的作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends. Two or three of us c

4、an dance well but I cant .9. (interj.）感叹词感叹词表示强烈的感情表示强烈的感情Oh ! How beautiful the scene is! What a good idea! Goodness !10. （art.）冠词冠词用来限制名词的用来限制名词的意义意义I have a pet dog . The dog is very lovely. He is an old man but very strong.7一、主语一、主语主语（主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于_ 。1.Lucy likes

5、 her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首句首81. We love China.2. She seems tired. 3. He can speak English 4. We have finished reading this book.二、谓语二、谓语谓语谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由_ 充当充当.动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情

6、态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词.动词动词实义动词实义动词连系动词连系动词情态动词情态动词助动词助动词（V.）9情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.101）状态状态系动词系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有，用来表示主语状态，只有be （am,is ,are,was,were,been,being）一词）一词 He is a teacher. 2）持续持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况

7、或态度，主要有系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。他开会时总保持沉默。 系动词系动词113）表像表像系动词，用来表示系动词，用来表示看起来像看起来像这一概念，主要有这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：例如：He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.4）感官感官系动词，主要有系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, tasteThis flower smells very sw

8、eet. 125）变化变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, comeHe became mad after that. 6）终止终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn outThe rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。他的计划终于成功了。13谓语谓语（V.）实义动词实义动词连系动词连系动词情态动词情态动词助动词助动词14

9、三、宾语三、宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_或或_后面后面.1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.及物动词及物动词介词介词15表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份用来说明主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态.The

10、trees turn green.The flowers are beautiful .My job is to teach you English.The question is how we can get there.四、表语四、表语16定语：用来修饰限定定语：用来修饰限定_. This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li

11、. Every student has an English book.五、定语五、定语名词名词17状语：状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 六、状语六、状语18John often came to chat with me As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father work

12、ed in this school ten years ago.Though he is young, he knows a lot.He came running. (程度程度 目的目的)（地点（地点 伴随）伴随） （地点（地点 时间）时间）（让步）（让步）（方式）（方式）(原因原因)19补语是用于补充说明补语是用于补充说明主语主语或或宾语宾语的身份或特征。的身份或特征。七、补语七、补语Everyone calls him Jack. （宾补）（宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）（主补）20同位语是位于同位语是位于名词或或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明后面的

13、个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、同位语八、同位语211. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not

14、been decided yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语，作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句是真正的主语22当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于

15、句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。用，本身无词义。什么情况下用什么情况下用it作形式主语？作形式主语？23 你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？你懂得翻译下列句子吗？1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ) 说谎是错误的。说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定

16、。谁要来还不确定。241.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.( )名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式

17、疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语25 He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( )1. What surprised me most was that he spoke Ch

18、inese so well.( )名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词26Its a red car.( )They live in the room above.( )My brother is a teacher.( )We belong to the third world.( )Lucys father is a poor worker.( )Mother made a birthday cake for me.( )The man under the tree is my teacher.( )1. The swimming boy is m

19、y brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容词形容词副词副词代词代词数词数词名词所有格名词所有格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词27I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.( )There are two things to be discussed today.（ ）Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（ ）9. This is the very

20、 book that I need. （ ）过去分词过去分词不定式不定式动名词动名词从句从句28He is often late for class.( )We saw that picture at the cinema.( )He sat there smoking.( )They returned tired and hungry. （ ）They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ）Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( )The box is so heavy that I c

21、ant lift it. ( )副词，程度副词，程度介词短语，地点介词短语，地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目的不定式，目的形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句29While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ）He was angry because we were late( ）9. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ) 时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句30形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语过

22、去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式不定式31简单句简单句 (simple sentence)只包含一个主谓结构只包含一个主谓结构They are playing baseball in the garden. Her brother and sisiter are both teachers.并列句并列句 (compound sentence)Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasnt intereted in

23、it.Hurry up,or youll be late.由由and,but,or,so这四个并列连词连接，而这四个并列连词连接，而“，”逗号是不能连接两个简单句的。逗号是不能连接两个简单句的。复合句复合句 (complex sentence)If he is all right tomorrow, he will come.I went to bed afer I finished my homework.连词主句从句（状语）主句连词从句（状语）32简单句的简单句的五种基本句型五种基本句型33英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一：基本句型一： （主谓）（主谓） 基

24、本句型二：基本句型二： （主系表）（主系表） 基本句型三：基本句型三： （主谓宾）（主谓宾） 基本句型四：基本句型四： （主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五：基本句型五： （主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）34基本句型一主谓（S+V） S + VShe cooks.He is working.What he said does not matter.The pen writes smoothly.35基本句型一主谓SVShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matter.The pen writes smoothly.36基本句型二主系表S+V+PHe is happy