虚拟语气精讲精练及答案

1、WORD格式虚拟语气总览1. 英语中的三种语气英语共有三种语气，陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来讲述事实，有肯定、否认、询问和感慨等形式，谓语动词有人称、时态和数的变化；祈使语气用于提出请求、建议、劝告、命令和警告等，以动词原形起句，否认式句前加 Dont；虚拟语气表示说话人所言内容不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令或猜想，有时只是说话者的主观愿望，或表达他 /她的强烈情感，谓语动词用特殊形式。2. 非真实条件句的虚拟语气条件从句主句过去had donewould/should/might/could/oughttohave done现在didbe 用 were woul

2、d/should/might/could/oughttodo1、didwould/should/might/could/oughtto将来2、should dodo3、were to do巧计主句中五个虚拟引导词： MS COW( 奶牛女士 )：might, should, could, ought to, would2.1. 与过去事实相反1). If I had had much money at that time, I would have bought you what you want.2). If you had been more careful, the mistake mi

3、ght have been avoided.3). If you had taken my advice, you wouldn t have madesuch a mistake.4). We wouldn t have succeededifit had not been for their help.5). If you had been here yesterday, you would have met the film star.6). If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them.7).

4、If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train.8). If we had had enough rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest.9). If you had worked a little harder, you could have passed the final examination.10). If they had invited her to the party, she would have attended it.2.2.与现在事实相反

5、1). If I were you, I would go there at once.2). If my classmates were here, they would help me.3). If I were you, I would accept the job.4). If classes were smaller, children would learn more.5). If I were ten years younger, I would start all over again.6). If I had enough money, I would buy a large

6、 house.专业资料整理WORD格式1专业资料整理WORD格式7). If I had time, I would go shopping with you.8). If I knew all the answers to all your questions, I would be a genius.9). If he were here now, we would ask him about it.10). If I had time, I would study French.11). If I knew her number, I could ring her. (可惜我不知道 )1

7、2). If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. (实际上地球引力始终存在。 )13). If I knew the answer, I would tell you. ( 实际上我确实不知道，所以肯定不能告诉你。 )14). If I had money on me, I would lend you some.15). We would not be able to walk if there were no friction.16). If you were in my position, what would yo

8、u do?17). If they treated me as a slave, I had to resign.18). If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time.19). If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. 如(果梦想能成为马匹，叫花子们都有了坐骑。 )20). Life might be too dull if it had no difficulties in it. ( 倘假设生活中没了困难，就会过于平淡。 )2.3. 与将来事实相反1). If

9、 it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, we would have a rest.2). If the sun were to rise from the west, I would marry you.(注意：对将来虚拟的条件从句中，在实现的可能性方面过去式 did 最大， should do中等， were to do最小。如本句太阳没有可能从西方升起，所以本句用 were to 最恰当。 )3). If I were to meet her tomorrow, I would ask her about it.4). If gr

10、een plants should disappear some day, there would hardly be any life on the earth.5). If I were to do the work, I would do it in a different way.6). If it should(were to) rain this afternoon, the football match would be put off.7). If you missed the film this evening, you would be sorry for it. ( 如果

11、今晚错过了这场电影，你会遗憾的。实际上，你不会错过。 ) 8). If I were to see her tomorrow, I would invite her home.9). If you lived there for several months, you would change your mind about the place.10). If things were to be done twice, all would be wise. ( 如果事情能被做两次，人人都会变得明智。 )2.4. 混合型1). If you had followed the doctor vic

12、e,sad you would be much better now.(过去现在 )2). If you had worked hard, you would bea college student now.过(去现在 )专业资料整理WORD格式2专业资料整理WORD格式3). If you had listened to me, you wouldn t bein such trouble now.(过去现在 )4). If you had got six more votes yesterday, you would be our chairman now. (过去现在 )5). If I

13、 had earned much money last summer, I would go on a vacation next month.(过去将来 )6). If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in future. (现在将来 )7). If the doctor had come sooner last night, Tom would be alive today.过(去现在 )8). If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. (现在过去 )9). If

14、it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 过(去现在 )10). If you hadnt lentme some money, I couldn t have bougthte new house and most likely I wouldn tbe still living in the dangerous house now. ( 过去过去现在 )2.5. if 的省略与条件句的倒装1). Were I you, I would have accepted the job.2). Were she here, she

15、 would support us.3). Were you to go fishing with me, you would have a much happier time.4). Were men angels, no government would be necessary.如(果人人都是天使，政府就没有必要了。 )5). Were she my daughter, Iwouldn t allowher to study abroad.6). Had you come earlier, you would have met my girlfriend.7). Had I time,

16、I would come. (本句中 had 是实意动词，而非主动词。)8). Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something to prevent it from happening.9). Many persons in the worls would have succeeded had they not wasted their valuable time.10). Should it be fine tomorrow, we would go outing.11). Should you change your min

17、d, no one would blame you.12). We would gone to your birthday party had you invited us.13. I would go should it be necessary.14). What would have happened had Bob walked farther, as far as the river bank?15). Had it not been for you, I would have lost my way.16). Were it not for water, no plant coul

18、d grow.(注：例句 8、9 知识点见“二 6Ba。)17). Be they common people or high-ranking officials, they stand equal before thelaw. (Whether they be)18). Be the weather what it may, I will leave tomorrow. (Whether the weather be what it may, )(注：例句 13、14 知识点见“八 5。)注意：在这一构造中，假设条件句为否认句，not 应被放在主语之后，而不能专业资料整理WORD格式3专业资

19、料整理WORD格式缩写成 werent, shouldn或thadnt而置于居首。如例15，16。2.6. 含蓄型：A. with ：“要是有，如果有，表示与现在事实相反的假设。1). With your help, we would have worked out the problem.(要是有你的帮助，我们早就解出这道题了。实际上你没有帮助我们，我们也没有解出这道题。 )2). With a little asssistance, Alexander would have succeeded.3). With better equipment, we could have done it

20、 better.B. a. without / but for / if it were not for(were it not for) / if it hadn for(had it not been for) / in the absence of + Sb. /Sth.b. but that + 句子；注意 : a.b. 都表示“要不是，假设非，如果没有,如果不是,表示与现在事实相反的假设。1). Without your help, I wouldn t have madesuch rapid progress.2). Without the programmer(程序编制人员 ),

21、 the computer would be useless.3). Without sunshine, nothing could grow on earth.4). Without water or air, nothing could live.5). Without contradiction nothing could exist. (没有矛盾，就没有世界 )6). Without him, we would have failed.7). Without the difficulies we would not know great men s toughness如果.(没有困难，

22、我们就不会了解伟人的坚韧性格。 )8). I would never make it without the havits of order and diligence. (假设没有按部就班和勤奋的习惯，我就不会成功。 )9). Without challenges, Obama would never have been President of the United States.10). Without steel, there would be no modern industry. 没(有钢，就没有现代工业。 )11). But for the rain, we should hav

23、e had a pleasant journey.12). But for your timely rescue, the boy would have drowned.13). But for friction, people could neither walk, nor even stand up.(注：以上例句 1-13without, but for 都可互换，并可替换为 in the absence of; 假设是对现在或将来的虚拟，可用 If it were not for 替换；假设是对过去的虚拟那么可用 If it had not been for 来替换。 )14). Bu

24、t that he saw it, he could not have believed it.15). The little girl would have fallen into the river but that the PLA man caught her.16). But that you didn t letme take that cup of tea I would have been posioned to death.17). She would have come to see you that daybut that she was ill. (=But for he

25、r illness)专业资料整理WORD格式4专业资料整理WORD格式18). But that it snowed heavily, they could have arrived there earlier. (=But forthe heavy snow,)19). She would have bought the bookbut that she had no money then.20). If it weren tmyforjob, I would come with you.21). If it were not for his wifes moneywouldhe never

26、 be a mayor.22). If it hadnt beenthefordoctors care,shouldI not be speaking to you now.23). If it had not been for you, I could not have worked out the problem. C. or, or else, otherwise；1). I didn t catche bus, otherwiseI wouldn t have missedthe film.2). I got up too late, otherwise I wouldn t have

27、 beenlate for the meeting.3). She wasnt feelingvery well. Otherwise she wouldn t have leftthe meeting so early.4). I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade(游行 ).5). I am busy now. Otherwise, I would help you.6). He cant have writtento me, otherwise I would have got his let

28、ter by now.7). He told me of your arrival, or I would have known nothing about it.8). The soldier fled away, or he would have been killed.9). I didn t knowthat he was a liar,or else I wouldn t have believedhim.D. 通过上下文推断，没有引导词，真正的含蓄。1). Born in better times, he would have been a scholar(学者 ).2). I w

29、ould do so in your position.3). Given more time, we would do it better.4). Unless you had done it earlier, you would have failed.2.7. suppose(that), supposing(that); provided (that); assuming (that); on condition that; given that1). Suppose/supposing that there were no gravity, objects would not fal

30、l to ground when dropped.=If there were no gravity, objects would not fall to ground when dropped. 2). Supposing you couldn t write, what would you do?3). Children were permitted into the hall for the film provided (that) they did not make any trouble.4). The guards allow the tourists to go into the

31、 woods on condition that they (should)do no harm to the animals.(on condition that = only if, 它所引导从句的谓语动词的语气可陈述，可虚拟，但均表示一个真实条件。 )5). Given that he doesnt agreeto do it, we shall do it alone.(given that 表示一个真实条件，其从句谓语动词用陈述语气。)3. 宾语从句的虚拟语气3.1. wish专业资料整理WORD格式5专业资料整理WORD格式would sooner, would as soon,w

32、ish that had done表示对过去已发事情的虚拟 wish that did/were表示对现在正发事情的虚拟wish that were to/should/could/might/would do 表示对将来要发事情的虚拟1). I wish I were a bird.2). The ugly girl wishes she were better looking.3). Sometimes I wish I were living in a different time and a different place.4). How I wish every family had

33、 a large house with a beautiful garden!5). I have never been to New York, but how I wish I had.6). I wish I could fly to the moon in a spaceship one day.7). How we wish we could have a rest tomorrow!8). I wish I could stand on a busy street corner, hat in hand, and beg people to throw me all their w

34、asted hours.(我希望自己站在熙熙攘攘的大街上，手里拿着帽子，乞求人们把废弃的时光扔给我。 )9). I wish I had never met him.10). I wish you hadnt spentso much money.3.2. would rather (that)本构造从句是一般过去时时，表示一个对现在或将来的愿望；是过去完成时时，表示对过去已发事件的一种妄想，说明说话者宁愿某人做或没有做某事，实际上却恰恰相反。具有一样用法的构造还有would just as soon，它们可替换 would rather。1). I would rather you were

35、 home now.2). I d sooner paintedyou the wall green next time.3). I would rather you had been there with me. 实(际上不是你，是别人 )4). Id rather hadyou more health than wealth.5). I d rather you hadnthatdone.(实际上已做)6). I would rather that I had stayed at home yesterday.实(际上并没有 )7). I would just as soon that J

36、ohnhadnt spokenrudely to me.8). Id rather hadyou told me the truth.9). I d rather everyting hadnened betweenhapp us.试比拟：1)、would rather 后接动词原形，表示对现在或将来某种行为的一种主观愿望或选择，为陈述语气。1). I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.2). The brave soldiers would tather die than surrender to the enemy.3). Id

37、 rathernot go to the cinema tonight.2)、would rather 后接不定式完成时表示对已发生事件的懊悔。4). Iratherd not have told her the news. She is such a gossip.5). The film was terrible. Inot dhaverathergone to the cinema last night.专业资料整理WORD格式6专业资料整理WORD格式6). -Did you blame him for his mistakes? -Yes, but I ratherd not hav

38、e done it.3.3. 表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词3.3.1. 这类动词的宾语从句的谓语形式为 should + 动词原形，should可以省略，但引导词 that 通常不省略。常用的这类动词有：advise 忠告，建议ask 要求command 命令decide 决定demand 要求desire 希望，可望determine 决定insist 坚持order 命令prefer 宁愿promise 允诺propose提议recommend 推荐，劝告request 要求require 要求suggest建议3.3.2. 巧记宾从用虚拟语气的动词方法一、一坚二命三建四要一坚持

39、 insist二命令order,command三建议 suggest, advise, recommend四要求require, request, demand, desire方法二、 DISCO 迪斯科DdemandI insistS suggestC commandO order方法三、 I drop caps.I insistDdemand/desireRrequire/request/recommendO orderPproposeCcommandAadvisePpreferSsuggest3.3.3. 例句1). The driver demanded that all the pa

40、ssengers show their tickets to him.2). The officer ordered that his troops move on to the front.3). The commandercommanded that we attack at once.4). In the past men generallypreferred that their wives work in the home.5). I prefer that you not eat that much.6). I proposethat Mr. Li be the chairman.

41、7). I recommendedthat you should reduce your expenditure.8). He asks that he be given an opportunity to try this method.9). I asked that I be allowed to see her.10). He insistedthat a doctor be sent for at once.11). Our teacher insisted that we not play computer games at school.12). Who do you sugge

42、stbe sent to work there?专业资料整理WORD格式7专业资料整理WORD格式13). We suggestthat he give less money to his child.14). Mr. Wang suggested that I take enough sleep before the final examination.15). He determined that she set off at once.16). She advisedthat we keep the door locked.17). They require that visitors

43、not smoke in the workshop.18). Mr. Wang required that all the students be polite to others.注：以上各例句宾语从句中谓语动词前统统省略了should。3.3.4、suggest与 insist之例外suggest 作“建议解时用虚拟语气，作“说明解时用陈述语气；insist 作“坚持解时用虚拟语气，作“坚持认为，坚持说解时用陈述语气。1). The smile on my mother faces suggestedthat she was delighted with my examination re

44、sult. (非虚拟 )2). His yawns suggestedthat he was sleepy. 非虚拟3). All these facts suggesthat he is innocent. 非虚拟4). Jane s pale suggestedfacethat she was ill, and his parents suggestedthat she have a medical examination. 前(实后虚 )5). He insistedthat he had done right. 非虚拟6). He insistedthat he was not inv

45、olved in the case.非虚拟7). He insistedthat he had not been late that morning.非虚拟8). He insisted that what he said was true and we insistedthat he go and have a look. (前实后虚 )9). The aged maninsistedthat he wasntilland shouldn t be senttothe hospital.4. 主语从句的虚拟语气根本构造：It be /seem + (表示愿望、建议、命令、要求、意志、惊讶、不

46、满、遗憾等意义的 ) 形容词/过去分词/名词+that + 主语 + should+动词原形 .在本构造中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that 从句，从句中谓语动词的形式为 should do, should可以省略。4.1. It is + adj. + that +(should) do常用的此类形容词有：advisable 明智的amazing 令人吃惊的disappointing 令人失望的embarrassing 令人尴尬的essential 重要的important 重要的incredible 令人难以置信的 natural 自然的 necessary 必需的 ,不可缺少

47、的strange 奇怪的 surprising 令人惊讶的 vital 至关重要的专业资料整理WORD格式8专业资料整理WORD格式就完成了工作，这似乎令人难以置信。注意：urgent 紧急的astonishing 令人惊讶的imperative 势在必行的1). It is natural that he object to a plan like that.2). It is necessarythat we tell him the truth at once.3). It is not necessarythat everyone be a scientist.4). It is es

48、sentialthat every child be given the same educational opportunities.5). It is urgent that a doctor should be sent for immediately.6). It is advisable that everyone have a map.7). It is vital that the headmaster receive this letter this evening.8). It is important that you should thank those who supp

49、orted you through the disappointments.(重要的是 , 你应该感谢那些在你失意时给予你支持的人。 )9). It is really strange that the girl be married so early. (真奇怪，那小姑娘竟然这么早就出嫁了！ )10). It is amazing that he should have learnt so much in such a short time.11). It is strange that he have left without saying good-bye.12). It is surp

50、rising that he should be so foolish as to believe her lie13). It was astonishingthat she have kept the secret from him all through their lifetime.14). It seems incredible that he have finished the work so soon. (他竟然这么快 )a. 在It is amazing/surprising/astonishing/strange/incrediable/a pity/a shamethat

51、. 构造中， that 虚拟从句表示说话人的惊讶、懊悔、失望等强烈的情感，含有“竟然 , 居然的意思，说明所发生的事情非常出人意料。如上面例句9-14。再如：15). It apitys that he should miss the lecture. 真遗憾，他竟然错过了这次演讲。16). It apitys that he should turn down my offer. (真遗憾，他竟然拒绝了我的提议。 )17). It is a shamethat she should behave like that. 她(竟然表现的那么差劲，真丢人。 )b. 本构造还可形变为It is + o

52、f +上述形容词相对应的名词形式+ that(should) do 。如：18). It is of utmost importancethat you be here on time.专业资料整理WORD格式9专业资料整理WORD格式4.2. It is + 过去分词+ that(should) do常见的此类过去分词有：suggestedordereddesiredproposeddecidedrecommendedrequestedrequired1). It is suggesteddemandedthat more trees shouldbe planted to prevent

53、sandatorms.2). It is required that the students wear school uniforms at school.3). It is decidedthat no smoking be allowed in the library.4). It is demandedthat one of the students should stay to look after the things.5). It is proposedthat this matter be considered at the next meeting.6). It is rec

54、ommendedthat the work shouldn t be starteduntil all the preparations have been made.5. 表语从句的虚拟语气根本构造：(表示提议、建议、命令、要求的 )名词+ be + that +主语+(should)+ 动词原形 .常见的此类名词有：advicedecisiondemandideaorderplanrecommendationproposalrequestsuggestionpitydesireMywishrequirement1).suggestion isthat we should try our best to help the refugees of the