医学词汇构词法iVocppt课件

1、 By Wang Lanying Foreign Language DepartmentThe Formation of Medical Vocabulary A Course of Learning English for Medical PurposesI. Target1.Mastering medical language: vocabulary and discourse level learning2. Practical application of medical communication: speaking and writing with MLI. Target3. Nu

2、rture the sense of stylistic researchII. Methodology 1. Acquire the knowledge of word formation2.Understand the medical language traits through reading3. Observe and summarize the stylistic features4. Active and energetic learning under the teachers guideIII. Course Arrangement1.72 Teaching periods,

3、4/week2.Eight Units this term3.Required course and exam4.Term achievements: based on assignments, quiz, class response, and final exam dynamically Davi-Ellen Chamber says: Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language. The words at first sound strange and complicated although the

4、y may stand for commonly known English terms. The words gastralgia, meaning “stomach ache”, and ophthalmologist, meaning e y e d o c t o r , a r e e x a m p l e s . The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term, complex or simple, can be broken down into its basic component parts a

5、nd then understood. What is medical language?Basic elements of medical wordsMost medical words are made from a combination of the following elements: the part of the word that we shall call the base (root /stem) because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word, prefixes and suffixes, an

6、d vowels (o/a) that join all these parts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45letters)Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的It develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust. 医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptoms include hyperventilation, coughing, dysphonia (

7、发声困难), anorexia (厌食), chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis Three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology.To analyze words structurally. Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots, suffixes, prefixes, combining vowels, and combining forms. gas

8、tr /o/ enter /o/ logyrootrootsuffixCombining formElectr /o/ cardi /o/ gram心电图Combining formsprefixessuffixescyt/o : cellderm/o :skinbi/o : lifeaden/o :glandarthr/o : jointnephr/o :kidneyhepat/o : liverleuk/o :whiteoste/o : boneepi- :abovemulti-: manypoly-: manyex- : outendo- :insidetrans- : acrosshy

9、per-: excessivehypo- :deficient-emia :blood condition-ectomy: excision-gram: record-cyte: cell-scope: instrument fro visually exam-itis: inflammation-ist : person specialized in-logy: process of study-oma: tumor-osis: abnormal condition-tomy: cutting2. To correlate an understanding of word elements

10、with the basic anatomy, physiology, and disease processes of the human body. Such as hemat /o/ logy means the study of the blood.3. To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems. Hepatoma: tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤Hematoma: blood tumor 血肿OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNeph

11、ritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy: process of cutting upgastrectomy: removal of the stomacharthrotomy: incision of a jointleukemia anemia erythremia Leukocytosis 白细胞增多Necrosis 坏死Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多The Roles of PronunciationMedical TerminologySystemsOrgansTissuesCellsEndocrine

12、 syst.Reproductive syst.Mastery of Medical WordsOrgansTissuesCellsDistribution of vocabulary in medical literatureEssential voc.Popular science voc.Medical termsThe 2nd category (15%) : hepatitis, appendicitis, encephalopathy, immunodeficiency syndromeThe 3rd category (15%) : distill, dilute , disso

13、lve, filtration, magnetization, dynamics, meteorology, pigmentation The 1st category 70%: comment, investigate, studyDistribution of vocabularyMedical Terminology I. Conversion II. derivative III. Compoundingopportunist 条件致病菌条件致病菌physiology/-ist/ -gicasymptomaticantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis 放

14、射免疫电泳放射免疫电泳 I. Conversion 词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词汇； opportunist ; sympathetic block 交感神经阻滞术, sympathetic nerve , sympathomimetic 拟交感神经药； capsule 胶囊药,被膜 Reservoir 贮主(zhu) To protect trachea from collapsing the uncompromised host 不易受感染的宿主 space occupying lesion 占位性病变Derivatives Prefix: ir- il- im- mis- irreg

15、ularity, irresistable illegal, illiterate immature immobile immodest immorality misbehavior mislead misfortune misstate mismanage Prefix Dis/dys- dishonest dysphonia disorder dyspnea disease in- inexperienced insufficiency inadequate inactivatedun- unconditioned reflex 非条件反射undifferentiated cell leu

16、kemia 未分化细胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸unstable angina 不稳定型心绞痛 none- nonsmoker nonelectrolyte nonstress test nonulcer dyspepsia nonspecific immunity nonsense mutation nonself 非抽烟者 非电解质 无应激实验 非溃疡性消化不良 非特异性免疫 无义突变 非自我的 ex- exclusion excretion exhale ex- president ex-wife

17、 exclude 排斥 排泄 呼气 前总统 前妻 排除在外 Suffix: n. reliance resistance existence coldness consciousness decision collision inclusion treatment encouragement Adj. generous continuous miscellaneous congenital conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently substantially V.-en.(a.+ en) whiten widen fasten(tie)

18、lengthen shorten worsen weaken brighten lighten -al n. survival refusal arrival proposal withdrawal removal (but not: compose, compromise)Compounds Roots Organs and their roots liver hepato/a- lung pulmono- kidney reno-/nephro- heart cardio- nerve neuro- spleen splen(o) brain cerebro- head cephal(o)

19、 eye ophthalm/ skin dermo- ear oto-(otology) chest thorac/o- arteri/o artery vaso vessel nose naso- / nasoantritis 鼻上颌窦炎 throat laryngo- Laryngitis 喉炎 Pharynx 咽 Pharyng (o)- Pharyngectomy 咽切除 描述人体器官方位： Anterior anterior band of colon 结肠前带 posterior posterior teeth 后牙 superior superior vena cava 上腔静脉

20、 inferior inferior thyroid artery 甲状腺下动脉 inter- (between) interatrial 房间的房间的 intra-(inside) intracellularendo-(intra- ) endocarditispoly-(many, much) polyarthritis multi- (many, much) -multicuspid 多尖的多尖的hyper-(high, extra) hypertension hypo-(low,less) hypotension homo-( same) homolateral同侧同侧的的 homog

21、raft hetero-(different) heteroantigen 异种抗原异种抗原 dys-(not) dysplasia发育不良发育不良 dyspnea 呼吸困难 dysphonia 发声困难counter- 对抗，抑制 countercurrent 逆流 counterbalance 等衡 psycho- 精神/心思 psychology psychiatry psychobiology thrombo-血栓血栓 thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎血栓性淋巴管炎 Thromboendocarditis 血栓性心内膜炎血栓性心内膜炎 meningo- 脑膜，脑脊

22、膜脑膜，脑脊膜 meningoencephalomyelitis 脑脊膜脑脊髓炎脑脊膜脑脊髓炎 lympho- lymphocytopenia 淋巴细胞减少 radio- radionuclide- angiocardiography 放射性核素心血管造影术 immuno- immunosuppression electro- electrosynthesis 电合成电合成 staphylo- 葡萄，悬雍垂葡萄，悬雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素葡萄球菌毒素 staphyloplasty 悬雍垂成形术悬雍垂成形术 Strepto- Streptococcus Streptomyc

23、in Osteo bone osteocystoma 骨囊瘤骨囊瘤 Lumb/o lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛腰痛 lumbocostal 腰肋的腰肋的 Suffix: -itis (inflammation) hepatitis bronchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis endocarditis panarthritis 多发性关多发性关节炎节炎 -ectomy (removal) splenectomy appendectomy pharyngectomy -graphy照像术）照像术） cephalography 测颅术测颅术 cardiography 心动描记法心动描记法 - gram 照片照片 cardiogram 心动图心动图 -scope (glass) ophthalmoscope stethoscope microscope telescope microscope telescope -cyte( cell) leukocyte myocyte -coccus 球菌球菌 staphyloco