跨文化交际全套ppt课件

1、 跨文化交际跨文化交际跨文化交际Cross cultural communication密云电大分校李书东Unit 1 language and culture in communication By the end of the unit, you should be able to Distinguish types of communication Understand the basic of communication Be aware of different definitions of a social situation. Be aware of different valu

2、es in communication. Can you find a Chinese equivalent to English word communication? Task 1.Analysing the basics of communication essential elements and types. 1.There are at least two or more people. 2.There must be some contact between communicators. 3.There must be a language shared by communica

3、tors. 4.an exchange of information has taken place. The types of communication 1.human communication 2.animal communication 3.human-animal communication 4.human-machine communication 5.machine to machine communication Activity 2 meanings in communication Utterance meaning :what it normally means Spe

4、akers meaning:the speaker has intended to convey by way of utterance meaning . Hearers meaning:the hearer ha understood on the basis of the utterance meaning Case analysing Litz: Dick, how long is your mum going to stay? Dick: I dont know. I havent asked her. Litz: Why not ask her? Dick: What do you

5、 mean by asking her? Litz: I mean what I said. Just ask her how long shes going to stay. Activity 4communication in social situations Essential components 1. Two or more participants 2.definition of the situation and goals 3.setting 4.schema 5.verbal communication 6.non-verbal communication 7.time a

6、nd space.Unit 2Culture Shock By the end of the unit,you should be able to Understand cultural differences in approaches to hospitality,modesty,privacy,and politeness Avoid taboo subjects in We stern culturesActivity 1: Hospitality Analysize task 2: or too little? 1.lisa was taken aback by her host p

7、utting food onto her plate because this seldom happens in her country. 2.She kept finishing all the food on her plate because she wished to be polite. That was a big mistake because she found her plate refilled and many more dishes following. 3.in the west ,if you were invited to have a meal at some

8、ones home, there will often be only one or two dishes.Even it was a formal dinner, it would usually be just three courses:soup, main dish, and desert. But in China,an informal dinner would have four dishes and a soup; a a formal dinner would have at least eight dishes and a soup. 4.Sea slug ia also

9、called sea cucumber, which is one of the most expensive dishes to feature in Chinese cuisine. But most Westerners never like it. That is why Lisa called it horrible stuff. 5.If you are bloated after a meal you feel very full and uncomfortable due to eating too much.Problems when east meets west 1.Li

10、sa was surprised by Wangs remarks denigrating his flat.He was probably just being politely modest and the flat was not untidy . Lisa certainly seems to think it odd that he should say so. For Westerners compliments in order to appear modest. She also seemed surprised and perhaps a little offended by

11、 his remark about her being tired after her work. 2.Wang was undoubtedly just trying to be polite by showing concern for his guest. We often show our concern by saying something like :You must be tired. Have a good rest. Unfortunately some westerners are sensitive about such comments, taking them as

12、 implying that they are not strong enough and so easily get tired. Lisa obviously took it amiss as suggesting that she was old and weak. 3.Eight courses for one meal for westerners are too many by western standards, As you may probably know ,a western meal normally serves one main course plus a star

13、ter and sweets or deserts.Activity 2: Privacy 1.Its all right to ask children or a teenager their age. But it is not normally polite in English speaking societies to ask an adult their age- and never a woman. On exception is perhaps when it is a very old person, in their 80s or 90s, in which case th

14、ey may be quite proud of how old they are. 2.It is all right to ask someone what their job or position is, but it is not polite to ask them their salary. This is considered a private matter in English speaking society. 3.It is all right to ask someone where they live, but it is not polite to ask the

15、ir rent. 4.The size of someones flat is a matter of private thing. 5.Many people feel religious belief are very personal and they may not feel; comfortable to tell someone they hardly know. 6.It is better to ask : Do you have a family instead of asking are you married? 7.People are sensitive about t

16、heir personal appearance, so it is not polite to mention it. 8.It is better not to ask how much someone has paid for the clothes,furniture. 9.It is not polite to comment bluntly on someones appearance.But you may say:Have you been out in the sun?Activity 3:collectivism and individualism Explain to t

17、he test: 1.cluster: a group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely together: a bunch 2.value:a principle, standard , or considered worthwhile or desirable 3.assumption:something taken for granted or accepted as true without proof 4.score high:think very highly of sth; value st

18、h. 5.having intrinsic worth:having innate values, inherent values 6.outlook:a point of view;an attitude 7.in terms of:in relation to 8.regardless of: in spite of 9.discourse pattern:discourse conventions, discourse habits. 10.pride of place:the highest or the most important position 11.to be conceiv

19、ed:to be thought, to be believed 12.counterpart:one that has the same functions and characteristics as another 13.owe sth to sb: 14.in accordance with sb:according to, in correspondence with 15.valorisation:to give or assign a value to 16.other interesting idioms using the words rope or ropes: To be

20、 outside the rope: To be the ends of ones rope To be on the high ropes On the ropes To give sb enough rope to hang himself To learn the ropeUnit 3:Whats in a name? Activity 1 :task 1:Naming names Most English people have three names.The last name, or the surname is the family name. This is the famil

21、y name of the father and is given to all his children. The first names are given names , which are given to the children at birth,Another term used to refer to them is Christian names. Read the text naming names and then answer the following questions; Group discussions; 1.How many name do most Engl

22、ish people have? 2.Do the term last name, surname and family name refer to the same name of a person? 3.Do the first names, given names and Christian names refer to the same name of a person? 4.Why do parents have ot be careful about the names for their children? 5.Which given names is usually used

23、by English people? 6.Why do some people use their middle name? 7.What form of name is commonly used among friends and colleagues? task 2:initialsTick the combination of names you think parents should avoid giving their children.1.Nichola Ann Green2.William Patrick Wills3.John Peter Hill4.Fino Alice

24、Tanner 5.Michael Adam Davies 6.Holly Rowan Hillman 7.Peter Ewan Steven T 8.Graham Adam Yiend 9.Alan Richard James Task 3:short forms Give the short forms of the following names: Andrew David Stephen Christopher Rebecca Victoria Catherine Activity 2;Origins Chinese names can give all sorts of informa

25、tion about a person. They may give us clues about where and when the person was born. Or they may tell us something about their family relationships, ethnic group, parents expectation for the children ,sex. Look at the origin of the English names and tell the meaning of the following names. Cook For

26、ester Chandler Taylor Clark Smith Turner Butler Thatcher Cooper Carter Fowler Mason Archer Activity 3.Kin terms Read the text about British families and try to answer the following questions: Group discussion: 1.How do British children address their parents brothers and sisters in a traditional way?

27、 Give examples. How do Chinese children address their parentss brothers and sisters? 2.What are the differences mentioned between Chinese and English kin terms? 3.Why do son-in-laws find it difficult to address their parent-in-laws? Give examples 4.What is the easy way for son-in-laws to address the

28、ir mother-in-law and father-in-law when they themselves have children? Activity 4;His and hers Read the text:Why is Bob not a girl? Group discussion: 1.What about the differences in English male and female names? Number of syllables of first names Number of syllables of pet names Percentage of names

29、 with stress on a syllable other than the first Sound of the stressed syllables Last sound Speed at which fashion changes Impressions conveyed 2.Is it a boy or a girl? Sarah Christopher Claire Mathew Emma David Laura James Rebecca Daniel Gemma Rachel Steven Kelly Victoria Mark Andrew Katharine Paul

30、MichaleUnit 4;social interaction Activity 1: inviting Expectations about when spouses should be included in invitations differ between China nad the west. Generally speaking for invitation to any meal taking place in the evening, ranging from those given at someones home through to dinning out toget

31、her or attending formal banquets,both husband and wife will be include. This is not expected in the case of mid-meals , probably because couples often work in different places and some jobs involve taking a working lunch. Activity 2: Footing the bill Explain to the text: footing the bill 1.foot the

32、bill;pay for the cost of something when the bill is presented as at the end of a meal. 2.do Dutch:share the cost of the meal equally between the friends 3.grab the bill:pick up the bill to pay 4.pool the money: put the right amount of money together to pay the bill. 5.buy his round:ask everyone what

33、 they would like and then go to the bar to get the drinks. Activity 3: gifts In the west, it is polite to open the gifts as soon as they are given to express appreciation. Guest invited to dinner in the west frequently bring only opne bottle of wine .One is quite enough, two are of course welcome bu

34、t unusual and not expected. As they are expected to be consumed At the meal .Bring two might even give the impression that the giver is heavy drinker who fears she will not have enough to drink. Taking fruit to such an occasion is unusual. Traditionally gifts of fruits are thought of only appropriat

35、e for the visitors to people who are ill. Activity 5 :compliments Normally ,when hearing compliments, a typical Chinese reaction is to show modesty and humility by saying such words as: buhao. Such attitudes towards praise and compliments are considered to be appropriate and are regarded as virtues.

36、 Activity 6: Disagreeing Agreeably Explain to the text: 1.phrasing a polite refusal: choosing the best form of words to make the refusal sound polite. 2.Sino: Chinese 3.chauffeur:a driver who is paid to make the refusal sound polite. 4.admit that something is true. 5.flatly:directly , straightly ,cl

37、early 6.at its face value:literally 7.white lies:lies told with good intentionsUnite 5: Roles and relations Activity 1:Child-rearing Child-rearing in Chinese and Australian families are different. Read the text and discuss the following question according to the Australian families and Chinese famil

38、ies. 1.What is the primary relationship in a family? 2.Who makes important decisions? 3.Do unmarried children leave home and live independently? 4.Are children expected to work during their school years? 5.If parents give financial support to their children at university, do they expect to get repai

39、d? 6.What is considered to be the true expression of real family feeling? Activity 2:Family Relationship Topic for group discussion: 1.Whose side should the man take in the event of any quarrel between his wife and his mother? 2.How do people choose their partners? 3.What is the most important relat

40、ionship in the family? 4.What is expected from the son towards their parents? 5.What is expected from the parents towards their children? Activity 3:Friendship Topic for group discussion: 1.How often do you get together with your friends for fun? 2.Can you make a list of topics you and your friends

41、often cover at your getting-together? 3.Can you make a list of places where you first met your friend? 4.When is the last time you ask your friends for help? What kind of help was that? 5.Do you think that being polite to someone is a way to show that you do not consider that person as your friend?A

42、ctivity 6: non-verbal communication Tell what non-verbal communication is. Explain rules for using gestures . Various facial expressions. Describe rules governing eye contact. There is language in the eye. Idioms composed of arm,hand and finger verbalnon-verballanguageothersbody languageothersspeaki

43、ngwritingsoundspoken languagewritten languageinformalformalparalinguisticsign language gesturesflag,codes human communicationWhat is human communication? Activity 1: Gestures Gestures are an important component of non-verbal communication. It must be emphasised that gestures vary in meaning from cul

44、ture to culture. Question: What does theses gestures mean to others?Non-verbal Communication 1.the ring gesture: In America, it means OK. Its great. In Japan it means money; In France it means zero or worthless; In Tunisia “Ill kill you. 2.the single finger beckon: In America it simply means:come he

45、re. In Yugoslavia and Malaysia it is only used for beckoning animals. In Indonesia and Australia it is used for beckoning prostitutes. ie, ladies for the night. 3.The thumbs-up sign: In Britain it means OK and is also used as a sign for hitch-hiking. In Greece it is an insult. 4. The ear-tug: In Spa

46、in it means someone is a sponger, ie. Using other peoples money and never spending his own. In Greece it is a warning . In Italy it is used to call someone a homosexual. 5.the eyelid-pull: In France and Greece it means: you cant full me. In Spain and Italy that you should be alert. In South America

47、it means he finds a woman very attractive.Activity 2: Facial Expressions How many kinds of emotions can you name? sad? happy? grief-stricken? ashamed? surprised? surprised fearful disgusted angry shocked horrified revolted furious grief-stricken embarrassed ashamed proud shy bored suspicious confuse

48、dhappysurprisedafraidangrydisgustedsadActivity 4: There is language in her eye 1.Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false ( )1.Different cultures have different rules for what is considered appropriate eye contact. ( )2.Within any one culture, the rules for eye contact

49、 are usually the same for different situations.TF ( )3.In dealing with strangers the rule for British society is that you should look at them but you shouldnt look at them for a long time. ( )4.In Britain, you can look at a stranger for as long as you like providing that they are not standing next t

50、o you. ( )5.If you dont look at a British person while you are speaking to him, he will have a negative impression of you.TFT ( )6.When addressing a British audience you do not need to bother to look at its members. ( )7.In a conversation, turn taking can be signalled by the eye movements of the spe

51、akers. ( )8.Its important to look at a person when you are speaking to him, but not that important when you are listening to him. ( )9.There are cultures that value looking someone straight in the eye no matter who that person is.FTFTActivity 4: Keeping ones distance Four categories of distance for

52、Americansfriendsand relativessocial distancepublic distance Arabic customs of keeping ones distance: 1.Pushing and shoving in public places. 2.Public means public and there is no such thing as an intrusion. 3.People do not have any concept of a private zone outside the body. 4.Continued pressure fro

53、m the desert has resulted in cultural adaptation to high population density. 5.People are deeply involved with each other and do not like to be alone. 6.Not only is the sheer level much higher, but also the piercing look of the eyes, the touch of the hands, and the mutual bathing in the aroma of moi

54、st breath during conversation are intense. 7.the best way to communicate one another is not only eyeball to eyeball, but also breath to breath. American customs of keeping ones distance: 1.As soon as a person stops or is seated in a public place, there balloons around him a small sphere of privacy w

55、hich is considered inviolate. 2.The mere touching of another person during an argument used to be legally defined as an assault. 3.People are trained not to breath in peoples face and the way to communicate one another is eyeball to eyeball.Activity 5:Idioms composed of arm, hand ,and finger. Try to

56、 know the idioms and their meanings: 1.lay a finger on sb: to touch sb.with the intention of harming them. 2.put ones hand in ones pocket:to be ready to spend or give money. 3.give sb. a big hand.applaud sb. Loudly. 4.keep ones finger on the pulse:to know all the latest news, development. 5.keep one

57、s hand in:do activity in order to remain skilled at it. 6.within arms reach; sth.which you can reach easily. 7.ask for a womans hand;to propose marriage. 8.put ones finger on sth.:to identify an error, or cause of a problem. 9.keep sb. at arms length:avoid becoming too friendly.Complete the followin

58、g sentences: 1.I do think her presentation is wonderful. I imply cant _the flaw in her argument. 2.He is a very independent person, and he doesnt need anyone to _when he is in trouble. 3. He is very hospitable. Whenever we go to visit him, he always_. 4.She is a bit secretive and reserved. Even thou

59、ght she always wears a smile on her face, you can tell that she wants to _put my finger on hold his handwelcomes us with open armskeep you at arms length 5.Listen, Tommy, if you _my new computer while Im here, I will never forget you. 6.I like to play tennis regularly, just to_. 7.There are books ev

60、erywhere in her house. I guess she likes_. 8.You want to know the latest news ?Ask Gary.He is the person who always_.lay a finger onkeep my hand inkeeping them within arms lengthkeep his finger on the pulse 9.He is no doubt one of the most popular singers in the world. Wherever he holds a performanc