初中英语语法---代词专题(含练习)

1、专题复习 代词代词：可以用来代替名词的词称为代词。小学和初中阶段学到的代词通常可分为以下六类：人称代词（I, you, he, we, it 等） 物主代词（our, your, their, his 等）反身代词（myself, ourselves, yourself 等） 指示代词（this, that, these, those 等）疑问代词（who, what, which, whose, when, where 等）不定代词（both, all, some, any 等）一、 人称代词的单数、复数和主格、宾格（重点：it的用法在第三单元语法中有详细讲解）单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人

2、称I我mewe我们us第二人称you你youyou你们you第三人称 he他 she她 it 它 him her it 他们they 她们 它们 them人称代词的主格在句中做主语。Eg1. I am studying English.Eg2. They love their school.多个人称代词并列作主语时的位置：单数形式： 二、三、一（you, he/she and I ）复数形式：一、 二、三（we, you and they）男女并列男在先，错误责任我承担。人称代词的宾格在句中做宾语。Eg1. He gave me a pen.Eg2. We are waiting for th

3、em.二、 物主代词物主代词用来表示人和物之间的所有关系，有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，并有不同的人称和单、复数之分。单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，只做定语，用来修饰其后的名词。Eg1. My parents are both doctors.Eg2. Theres something wrong with his bike.名词性物主代词应独立使用，后面不

4、跟名词，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词，在句中可以作主语、宾语或标语。Eg1. Our classroom is on the second floor, and theirs is on the fourth floor. (作主语)Eg2. Lets clean their room first, and then clean ours. (作宾语)Eg3. That pen is hers. (做表语)of+名词性物主代词=of +名词所有格 （a friend of hers=a friend of Lilys）三、 反身代词反身代词用来表示反射或强调，其形式如下：人称第一人称第二人称第

5、三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves表示动作回射到动作的执行者本身（自己）Eg. My grandpa is very old, he cant look after himself.在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强语气，常译为“亲自”，“本人”等。Eg1. The house itself is not so beautiful.Eg2. The children made the model plane themselves.反身代词在实际运用中可构成许多常用词组。by onesel

6、f(亲自) help oneself(自便) teach oneself(自学) enjoy oneself（过得愉快） introduce oneself(介绍自己) call oneself（称自己） lose oneself（迷路） speak to oneself(自言自语) look after oneself（照看自己）四、 指示代词指示代词是表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的词，如：this，that，these，those, such 等。this 和 these一般用来指较近的事物，that和those指较远的事物。this 是these 的单数， tha

7、t 是those的单数指示代词可以充当句子中的主语、定语、宾语或表语。Eg1. This is a difficult question. (作主语)Eg2. Do you like these? (做宾语)Eg3. Oh, its not that. (做表语)电话用语中表自身称呼用this; 表询问对方称呼的用thatThis is Sunny (speaking).Is that Lily (speaking)?That 或 those 与形容词的比较级连用的句型：Eg1: The weather here is hotter than that in Guangzhou.Eg2. Th

8、e book here is more interesting than that of Lilys.Eg3. The apples here are bigger than those in the south.相应课堂练习：Task 1. 按要求写单词。1. I（复数） 2. us(单数) 3. this（反义词） 4. my(宾格) 5. he(复数) 6. its(复数) 7. it (复数) 8. this(复数) 9. she(形容词性物主代词) 10. our (名词性物主代词) Task 2. 单项选择1. Is this picture ?A. my B. her C. yo

9、urs D. our2. Some of are workers. A. they B. their C. them D. themselves3. A friend of came here yesterday. A. my B. his C. her D. your4. This desk is mine. is hers. A. Those B. These C. This D. That5. Ill go to see tomorrow morning. A. she B. hers C. her D. herself6. Mr. Li teaches English. A. us B

10、. we C. our D. ours7. These are books. are over there. A. I; We B. my; Your C. my; Yours D. mine; Yours8. You cant finish the work . Let me help you. A. you B. yourself C. by you D. you only9. These are pens and are pencils. A. that B. this C. those D. these10. I saw in the street last Sunday aftern

11、oon. A. he B. his C. him D. himselfTask 3. 用所给代词的正确形式填空。1. Please show (I) the way to the hospital.2. Grandma often tells (he) stories.3. This is (you) room; (she) is the next one.4. They enjoyed (they) in the park.5. We like (we) English teacher.6. Please listen to (she) carefully.7. He can do his

12、homework by (he).8. Help (you) to some fish, please.9. Be careful not to make (you) dirty.10. name is Jack. We all like (he).Task 4. 从括号里选择正确的代词填空。1. Tom was sick yesterday. is why he missed school. (That; These; Those)2. Which of shirts are Toms? (these; this; that)3. This desk is mine, is hers. (t

13、hose; this; that)4. (He; His; Mine) aunt is a nurse. (She; His; He) works very hard.5. Those books arent (me; I; mine). (They; It; Its) may be (her; hers; she)6. Let (I; me; mine) tell (her; she; hers) how to do it.7. Dont tell (he; him; his) the answer.8. (I; Me; My) believe that (he; him; his) can

14、 work out the problem (he; him; himself) 9. “Its going to snow,” the old woman said to (her; she; herself).10. A friend of (me; my; mine) came to help (I; me; mine) with (mine; my; I) homework yesterday afternoon.五、 疑问代词(难点)疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句的代词。（who; whose; what; which; why; where; how; when）在疑问句中，疑问代词一

15、般放在句首，并在句中充当主语，宾语，表语或定语。Eg: Who is going to teach us Chinese next term? (作主语)What do you usually have for breakfast? (作宾语)Whose bag is that? (作定语)Which bus shall we take? (作定语)which 表示一定范围内的选择(哪一个)，而what没有这种限制（什么）。相应课堂练习：Task 1. 用适当的疑问代词填空。1. A： is your mother? B: She is a teacher.2. A： jumps higher

16、, Tom or David? B: David does. 3. A： would you like? B: Some coffee, please.4. A： are the presents from? B: They are from my friends.5. A： is that in English? B: Its a bird.6. A： grade are you in? B: Im in Grade Five.7. A： MP4 is this? B: Its Marys.8. A： color are your trousers? B: They are white.9.

17、 A： are the shoes? B: They are mine.10. A： are you writing to? B: Im writing to my English friend, Tom .Task 2. 选用who, whose, what, which等疑问代词，对划线部分提问。1. An old friend of mine is coming to see me tomorrow. 2. Their husbands are math teachers. 3. She was looking for the famous professor. 4. I would l

18、ike to choose these knives. 5. We borrowed the English books from Mr Li. 6. The post office is on the sixth floor. 7. She did some shopping after supper on Saturday. 8. Childrens smiling faces made me happy in Beijing. 9. I like Book Three Best. 10. The tall girl in red is my sister. 11. I finished

19、my homework at 10pm yesterday. 12. I go to my grandmas house every weekend. 13. They all like her because she is such a nice girl. 14. The police man solved the case by questioning the suspect. 15. Its three oclock now. 课后练习：一、按要求写单词。1. our(主格) 2. you(形容词性物主代词) 3. those(单数形式) 4. his(宾格) 5. it(形容词性物主

20、代词) 6. my(名词性物主代词) 7. their(名词性物主代词) 8. she(形容词性物主代词) 9. his(名词性物主代词) 10. his(复数形式) 二、用适当的疑问代词填空。1. - is in your bag? -oranges.2. - is she? -I dont know the woman.3. - the today? -Its the second day of September.4. are ours, these books or those books?5. - is your mother? -She is a doctor.6. These a

21、rent my shoes. are they?7. - is it today? -Its Monday.三、用所给代词的正确形式填空。1. The man behind (he) is our friend.2. Look at the blackboard. There are some words on (it).3. Can I stand beside (they)?4. I have a brother. is only one year old. I like (his).5. dont know the girl. Can you tell ?(we)6. Where is

22、? We cant find . Lets call parents. (hers)四、根据问句找答句。( ) 1. Which classroom are you in? A: New Years Day.( ) 2. Who are you looking at? B: Orange.( ) 3. Who is your sister? C: I like playing games.( ) 4. Whose child is the boy? D: Autumn.( ) 5. Which season do you like? E: Rice.( ) 6. What is your ho

23、bby? F: Classroom No.5.( ) 7. Whats the date tomorrow? G: Mrs Lius.( ) 8. What color is an orange? H: The girl with long hair is my sister.( ) 9. What holiday comes after Christmas? I: The fifth of October.( ) 10. What do you have for lunch? J: Im looking at Tom.五、 完形填空。Dear Tom,I saw 1 name in the

24、newspaper. 2 asked for pen friends in China. I would like to be 3 pen friend.I am twelve years old. I am a student at Binhai Primary School. We study Chinese, English, Math and some other subjects. 4 favorite subjects are English and Arts. My family is not big. There are only three of 5 : my father,

25、 my mother and 6 . We live in a new house. Near 7 house, there are many trees and flowers. I want to know everything about 8 . Please write to 9 soon. 10 email address is wangbing.With best wishes! Wang Bing( ) 1. A. you B. your C. yours( ) 2. A. You B. Your C. Yours( ) 3. A. you B. your C. yours (

26、) 4. A. I B. Me C. My( ) 5. A. we B. us C. our( ) 6. A. me B. my C. mine( ) 7. A. we B. our C. ours( ) 8. A. you B. your C. me( ) 9. A. I B. my C. me( ) 10. A. I B. My C. Mine六、 不定代词（重难点）不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。1. some & any 一些（两者都可修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数形式）some 通常用于肯定句中。Eg. I have some books.any 用于否定句和疑问句中。

27、Eg. I dont have any books. Do you have any books?注：如果在提问时期待对方的肯定回答，或鼓励别人说yes时，疑问句中的不定代词要用some, 而不用any. (通常跟在用could或would提问的句子中)Eg. Could I borrow some books?Eg. Would you please pass me some water?当强调任何一个的时候，any 也可以用在肯定句中。Eg. You can take any of the newspapers here. 你可以拿这儿的任何一份报纸。相应课堂练习：选择some 或any填

28、空。1. Jack has close friends. But he didnt write letters to them for half a year.2. Would you like tea or coffee?3. You may come to my house at time.4. She sings much better than of the other singers in the room.5. There are apples in the basket. You may take one you like.6. We have bread but we dont

29、 have meat.7. Im in trouble. Could you give me help?8. I want oranges. Do you have ?9. He never gave me help. I hope you can give me help.10. I have beautiful pictures. You may borrow one of them.2. many, much, few, a few, little, a little的用法许多几乎没有,很少（否定含义）一些，有点儿（肯定含义）用于修饰可数名词manyfewa few用于修饰不可数名词mu

30、chlittlea littleEg: There are many people at the meeting. He has much homework to do everyday. He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。 He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间。相应课堂练习：选择many, much, few, a few, little 或 a little填空。1. The poor little

31、 boy had money. He couldnt go to school.2. Please dont put too coffee in our cups, of us like coffee.3. They are very good students. They did so for old people.4. Tom did very well in the math exam. He made mistakes.5. “Would you like some more tea?” “Yes, just .”6. Marys father was sick last year.

32、He is better now.7. Im sorry I cant help you. I know about Russian.8. He is a very good man. He says and does .9. How words did you learn last term?10. How money do you need this time?3. other, the other, others, the others, another 的区别：速记式：有s结尾的不加名词；无s结尾的加名词 有the 结尾表剩余全部；无the结尾表剩余中的一部分。 范围为二用：oneth

33、e other结构 范围不定用another, 表“另一个，又一个” one after another 一个接一个one 代指一个，ones代指两个或两个以上，其后不加名词相应课堂练习：选择one, ones, another, other(s)或the other(s)填空。1. He has eight shirts, is green, are all white.2. There are two people in the room. is a policeman, is a doctor.3. I dont like this bag, please pass me . of th

34、e red ones, please.4. The old woman got grandchildren. is a boy, is a girl.5. I have three apples, a green and two red . Which are you going to take.6. Pass me my coat, please. That light orange is mine.7. I think this film is much more interesting than three.8. To say is thing, to do is quite .9. M

35、r Wang is always ready to help .10. Some are big, are small.4. all, both; either, neither, none; each, every的用法肯定all 表三者或三者以上都both 表两者都否定none 表三者或三者以上都不neither 表两者都不neither A nor B： 表A和B都不选择either 表两者中的其中一个either A or B：表A或B其中一个every 用于三者或以上，强调整体each用于两者或以上，强调个体，可以与of 连用相应课堂练习：选择all, both; either, n

36、either, none; each, every填空。1. Jack and his two sisters are from Australia.2. Mary and Peter are Americans.3. Thats for today. Goodbye, one.4. the boys in my class are football fans.5. Bob is such a good student that teacher likes him.6. There are tall trees on sides of the road.7. There are two sho

37、ps in the street. are open now.8. Mr Li has three sons. of them has a good job.9. Thats I can do for you, son.10. Mr Black gave his son and daughter 10 dollars .11.-When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning? - is OK, Im free these days.12.-How many students are there in the

38、classroom? - . They are all on the playground.13. -I would like you to talk about the Great Wall. -Im sorry, but Jack nor I have been there.5. nothing全否，没有任何事 nobody: 无人something 某些事 somebody 某人anything 任何事 anybody 任何人everything 所有事 everybody所有人注：形容词修饰不定代词时位于其后，简言之：不定代词+形容词Eg1. -What would you like

39、to do on your winter holiday, Mike? -Id like to do . A. nothing interesting B. interesting anything C. something interesting D. interesting something Eg2. Believe yourself. Youre better than . Youre the best. Wish you success! A. anyone else B. someone else C. else anyone D. else someone相应课堂练习:选择not

40、hing，something，anything或everything填空。1. I want to go now. The film is interesting at all.2. Can you tell us about your life and work in this short time?3. “Did you find interesting to tell me?” “Yes, I found very interesting.”4. “Do you know about the star?” “No, I know about her.”5. Dont worry. wil

41、l be OK soon.6. My radio got wrong yesterday.课后练习：单项选择。1. New Zealand has two islands. One is North Island and is South Island. A. another B. the other C. other D. the others2. She is new here, so we know about her. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything3. -Which of the caps will you take

42、? -Ill take , one for my father, the other for my brother. A. neither B. both C. all D. either4. -Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday? - , I cleaned it all by myself. A. Somebody B. Nobody C. Everybody D. Anybody5. -We have five kinds of schoolbags. Do you like this one? -No. Can you show m

43、e ? A. another B. each other C. the other D. others6. A lot of books are on sale, but there are good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many7. -Are you from America? -No, none of us. A. both B. all C. any D. either8. -I think that work is a big problem for me. - is difficult if you put all your effort into it. A. Anything B. Something C. Nothing D. Everything9. If you need a pen, I will lend you . A. the one B. another C. some D. one10. “ is the woman?” “She is fine.” A. What B. Who C. Which D. How11. There are many teachers in this school. Some are men te