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1、Contents Definition of description Types of description Ways to develop a description essay Description of a place Description of an object Description of a person Assignment第1页/共50页Description Description is the type of writing that helps the reader to see what someone/some place/something is like.

2、 Or we may say description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene. A description essay is generally developed through sensory details, or the impressions of ones senses-sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch,etc. Leave out the irrelevant ones and keep those which help t

3、o bring out the dominant characteristic or outstanding quality of the person or thing described. (sample 1)第2页/共50页Example of Adopting Sight- A Friendly Clown On one corner of my dresser sits a smiling toy clown on a tiny unicycle-a gift I received last Christmas from a close friend. The clowns shor

4、t yellow hair, made of yarn(纱线), covers its ears but is parted above the eyes. The blue eyes are outlined in black with thin, dark lashes flowing from the brows. It has cherry-red cheeks, nose, and lips, and its broad grin disappears into the wide, white ruffle(花边) around its neck. The clown wears a

5、 fluffy(蓬松的), two-tone(两种颜色的) nylon costume. The left side of the outfit is light blue, and the right side is red. The two colors merge in a dark line that runs down the center of the small outfit. Surrounding its ankles and disguising its long black shoes are big pink bows. The white spokes(车轮的辐条)

6、on the wheels of the unicycle gather in the center and expand to the black tire so that the wheel somewhat resembles the inner half of a grapefruit. The clown and unicycle together stand about a foot high. As a cherished gift from my good friend Tran, this colorful figure greets me with a smile ever

7、y time I enter my room.第3页/共50页Types of description Objective description-record details without making any personal comment. Subjective description-the writer is free to interpret details for the reader/ audience.Note: Few descriptions outside of science writing, however, are completely objective.第

8、4页/共50页Ways to develop a description essay Through the impressions of ones senses-sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch Using spatial order: describing the physical layout of the place(leftright, bottom top, clockwise/counterclockwise, insideoutside) Using chronological order Use specific words De

9、cide on the dominant impression第5页/共50页General and Specific Words for Good Description Specific words help to make writing clear, exact, vivid, and striking, for they are more informative and expressive than general words. Compare: a good man kind, honest, just, generous, sympathetic, warm-hearted,

10、selfless, brave, honorable good food tasty, delicious, nourishing, rich, wholesome, fresh, appetizing, abundant House mansion, villa(别墅), chateau(庄园), cottage, bungalow(平房), cabin, hut, shack, shanty, barn(仓房)第6页/共50页General and Specific Words for Good Description Practice Eg. Laugh :smile, grin, ch

11、ortle, guffaw, sneer, titter, giggle Cry: sob, weep, blubber, snivel, howl, bawl, wail, moan, Animal: Flower : Wind : Rain Tree : Walk: Angry: Look at: 第7页/共50页General and Specific Words for Good Description General: It is often windy and dusty here in spring.Specific: In spring there is often a ver

12、y strong northwest wind. It carries so much fine dust with it that sometimes the sun becomes obscure. There is no escape from the fine dust; it gets into your eyes, your ears, your nostrils, and your hair. It goes through the cracks of closed windows and covers your desks and chairs.第8页/共50页General

13、and Specific Words for Good Description General:General: The room was a mess. Specific:Specific: As I walked into the room I could barely find a clean place to step. There were clothes all over the floor, along with papers, books, and possibly what looked like an old, moldy sandwich. The stench was

14、unbearable.第9页/共50页General and Specific Words for Good Description General :I love the smell of sunshine. Specific: ?Your turn第10页/共50页Critical Reading on Description of an Object Read the following three descriptive paragraphs about the sunshine and give your comments. 1. I Like the Smells of Sun V

15、ery Much I like the smells of sun. It is sweet, which tastes like an ice-cream. It has changeable color, which turns the plain ground become bright and full. It has soft sunshine, which let my body feel warm and comfortable. It has a quiet language, which makes a gentle whisper through my body and t

16、ells me what are the secrets of the sun. It has a wonderful power, which reflects the pure and the beautiful things in the world, brightens all the dark things up, and encourages me to overcome all the difficulties in my life. I like the smells of sun very much. By student第11页/共50页Comment on Smells

17、of the Sun by Student Comment: The description is very imaginative but too abstract. Try to add more concrete examples to show why you like the smell of sun.第12页/共50页2. Smells of the Sun I love the sun. I love the suns rays, light and warmth, especially the suns smells. When the sun comes again afte

18、r the rain, I can inhale the humid air made by the suns heat. In a sunny garden, the scent of the grass and of plants that carry the smells of the sun waft along in the breeze. I like sunning my bedclothes if it is a nice warm, sunshiny day, then the bedclothes gain an aroma of the sun after their s

19、unbath. I ask my son, “Can you smell the sun in your bedclothes?” He picks up a corner of his bedclothes, then bends his head close to them and breathes in deeply. He answers, “What a wonderful smell of the sun.” I enjoy the smells of the sun. - By Xe Jiao第13页/共50页Comment on Smells of the Sun by Xe

20、Jiao Comment: Xe Jiao writes of the suns smells in a short paragraph. She illustrates for us the power of concrete imagery, dialogue, and descriptive words.第14页/共50页3. Free Tranquilizer Vancouvers summer sunshine makes me lazy. I indulge myself under the shade of the maple trees during the summer in

21、 Central Park in order to bask in Vancouvers sunshine. Especially when the wind waves the leaves and the sunlight slides through, it feels like velvet patting my body or like a furry cat rubbing me. I like to sit on the bench, which is on the southern shore of the lake. One day, an old Labrador dog

22、sat beside me. Although there were many adults jogging, children giggling, and squirrels chasing around, the old Labrador was as solid as a rock; he closed his eyes and ears and made his daydream without a pause. (To be continued)第15页/共50页Free Tranquilizer Sometimes, when the sunlight stung his nose

23、, he shifted his body one inch to avoid it, and when the flies buzzed around his head, he twitched his muscle or his ear to dispel the greedy flies who shared his sunlight. After absorbing enough energy, he trudged away contentedly. I love to sip this free tranquilizer during the summer in Vancouver

24、. (-Anonymous writer) Comment: An excellent descriptive paragraph about the delights to be found at Central Park in Burnaby. 第16页/共50页Dominant Impression for Good Description Decide on a dominant impression-an overall attitude, mood or feeling about the place you are describing(the hustle and bustle

25、 of a market place, a haunted castle, a breathtaking scenery spot)第17页/共50页What Is the Dominant Impression in the Following Photos?第18页/共50页What Is the Dominant Impression in the Following Photos?第19页/共50页Describing a place第20页/共50页Describing a Place Places may be described for their own sake, as in

26、 essays on visits to famous scenic places, but also for the purpose of revealing the personality and character of a person, or creating a feeling or mood. Eg. A clean and tidy room might show that the occupant is an orderly person. Eg. The howling of a chilly wind, the falling of autumn leaves, a ho

27、use standing in solitude on a barren mountain, all help to build up a somber mood and increase the feeling of depression.第21页/共50页Practice: What is the dominant impression of this place? This room was chill, because it seldom had a fire; it was silent, because remote from the nursery and kitchen; so

28、lemn, because it was known to be so seldom entered.The house-maid alone came here on Saturdays, to wipe from the mirrors and the furniture a weeks quiet dust:and Mrs. Reed herself, at far intervals, visited it to review the contents of a certain secret drawer in the wardrobe, where were stored diver

29、s parchments(羊皮纸古文稿), her jewel-casket, and a miniature(微型人像画) of her deceased husband. (By Charlotte Bronte)第22页/共50页Practice: What is the dominant impression of this place? Possible Key: This description gives the reader a gloomy and lifeless impression and makes one feel chilly and frightened. Th

30、is place appears to be ghost-haunted. Read P150 on textbook 第23页/共50页Practice(in class)Write a one-sentence dominant impression of the following places.1.Your local supermarket on Saturday2.A reading-room in your university in the evening3.An examination room4.Playground 第24页/共50页Describing an objec

31、t第25页/共50页Tips on how to describe an object State briefly how you got the object, if this is important. Provide some basic factual information about it(its size, shape, texture, color, ect.) Point out its useful features(uses, functions, etc.) Focus on a particular, probably the most important chara

32、cteristic of the object State in what way the object is important to you第26页/共50页Reading on the SubjectRead The Pickle Jar (5mins)Answer the following questions:1.Why doesnt the writer open his essay with a description of the pickle jars shape?2.What method of organization does he chiefly use?3.When

33、 was the pickle jar removed from the parents room and why was it put back?4.In what way did the pickle jar become a symbol? A symbol of what?第27页/共50页Describing a person第28页/共50页Description of a Person In describing a person, the writer should not merely give details of his appearance. He should try

34、 to reveal the persons character, thoughts, and feelings, which may be shown in what the person does and says, or in how he behaves to others. It is important to grasp the characteristic features that distinguish him from all other people.Those features that he shares with others can be omitted. Pec

35、uliarities and idiosyncrasies of a person, if any, should be included in the description, for they usually impress the reader deeply and give life to the person described. Show the person in action-showing a person(indirect description) Use anecdotes第29页/共50页Ways to Describe a Person Describe his/he

36、r appearance Describe his/her language Describe his/her behavior Describe his/her manner Describe his/her psychology Etc.第30页/共50页Words Describing a Person Adjectives to describe a person Modest/Decorous端庄稳重的/Self-effacing谦让的 / E a s y - g o i n g / Q u i e t / D e m u r e 娴 静 的/ U n a s s u m i n g

37、 平 易 近 人 的 / S o f t -spoken/Compatible能谦容的/Amiable 亲切的/Without air /Affable 和蔼的/Good-humored 脾气好的/Obliging 照顾周到的/Considerate考虑周到的/Cordial /Gregarious 合群的/Impartial 公正的Ardent/enthusiastic/zealous 热情的/ E r u d i t e 博 学 的 / Ve r s a t i l e / D i l i g e n t /Thrifty/frugal 节约的Optimistic 乐观的Open and

38、above board 正大光明/Calm, cool and collected 镇静沉着/Introverted/Extroverted第31页/共50页Physical Appearance 描述身材常用的形容词有: tall,small,short,of medium height 描述体型的有: fat, thin, slim, big, small, of medium build, strong, obese等. 描述相貌的有: beautiful, pretty, good-looking, charming, sweet, handsome, funny, ugly, pec

39、uliar, rough, ill-looking, homely第32页/共50页Physical Appearance 体格(build): fat; thin; slim; skinny; overweight; slight; well-build 身高 (height) :medium height;average height; below average; tall; short; tallish; middle-sized;of medium height; 1.78 meters 脸型(face): round; thin; long; square A. She has a

40、 very pleasant smile and she always has a twinkle in her eye. B. She was young,with a fair,calm face that showed a certain strength.第33页/共50页Physical Appearance 头发(hair): (1) 发型(hair style): straight; curly; pigtails; crew cut平头; bald Her hair is brown and curly. (2) 发色(hair color): jet-black 乌黑的; f

41、air 金色的; blonde 淡黄色的; golden 金黄色的; dyed 染色的; brunette 浅黑色的; mousey 灰褐色的; chestnut 栗色的. She is a beautiful girl with fair hair. The middle-aged man already has double chins and receding hairline. 第34页/共50页Physical Appearance 五官: (1) 眼睛(eye): deep-set; sunken 凹陷的; bulging/protruding 凸出的; eyelashes; ey

42、ebrows. A. His eyes are deep-set because he has worked till midnight for a long time. 他的眼睛深陷,因为他这段时间经常工作到深夜。 B. He had the most beautiful blue eyes I had ever seen. 第35页/共50页Physical Appearance (2) 鼻子(nose): long; straight; big; small; flat; hooked. A. He was born a hooked nose. B. His nose is very

43、big, so he doesnt like it. (3) 嘴部(mouth): tooth; even; uneven; chin A. When he laughs, we see his even teeth. B. She has a double chin. 第36页/共50页Physical Appearance 服饰(dress): smart 潇洒的; scruffy 邋遢的; well-dressed 衣着华丽的; casual 随便的; conservative 不显眼的; elegant 优雅的; fashionable 时髦的; suave 文雅的; untidy 不

44、整洁的. A. He looks casual just wearing a tweed suit. 他穿了一件花格子衬衫,看上去很随便。 B. She always dress very elegant and tidy. 她总是穿着优雅整洁。 第37页/共50页Language Well-educated Educated Not well-educated Illiterate Example for “not well-educated” One day I found Tony at our meeting place behind the garage. I want to be

45、prentice, he said. Mr. Craw, he said, I like a buy a house. 第38页/共50页Behavior 快乐 A.He is very happy and sweet. B.They didnt know what to do with themselves for joy. C.He jumped for fun. D.Her face brightened up. 满意 A . T h e r e s u l t i s satisfactory. B.It is difficult to please everybody. C.Ther

46、e is always a smile of contentment on her face. D.She belongs to those who are very difficult to satisfy. E.Seeing their task finished gives them a sense of satisfaction. 第39页/共50页Behavior 惊讶 A.Im surprised to find you here. B.Its nothing to be surprised about. C.To my surprise, he d i d n t c o m e

47、 yesterday. D.She looked at me in amazement. E . H e r a p p e a r a n c e fairly took my breath away. F.Everyone looked at her in astonishment. 悲伤 A.He looks so sad. B.He is no stranger to sorrow. C . H i s s a d s t o r y makes her feel pity. D . H i s w i f e s disease took away his appetite. E .

48、 T h e n e w s depresses her. 第40页/共50页Behavior 愤怒 A . S h e w a s b u r n i n g w i t h anger. B.He easily loses his temper. C.He was in a rage. D.She was red with anger. Speak/ say/ talk/ tell /chat/ gossip A.Can you child speak yet? B.He said he wanted to go to town. C.I want to talk to you about

49、 an urgent matter. D . T e l l m e w h a t happened. E.They dropped in for a chat last night. F. Yo u s h o u l d n t listen to gossip. 第41页/共50页Model 1: A talkative person He is so talkative that whenever he chooses you as his listener, whether you are willing or not, you cant escape from him without helplessly giving up 2 or 3 hours of your precious time

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