模块四U1 Grammar Modal verbs 情态动词

1、Unit 6 Grammar直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语 直接引用别人的话叫直接引用别人的话叫_，用自，用自己的话转述别人的话叫己的话转述别人的话叫_。间接引。间接引语在多数情况下构成语在多数情况下构成_从句；直接引从句；直接引语前后加语前后加_，间接引语不必加。，间接引语不必加。直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语 直接引用别人的话叫直接引用别人的话叫直接引语直接引语，用，用自己的话转述别人的话叫自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语间接引语。间。间接引语在多数情况下构成接引语在多数情况下构成宾语宾语从句；直从句；直接引语前后加接引语前后加引号引号，间接引

2、语不必加。，间接引语不必加。Review宾宾语语从从句句引导词引导词语序：语序：时态：时态：thatif/whether疑问词陈述语序陈述语序主句为现在时态，从句可以是需要的任何时态主句为过去时态，从句应使用相应的过去的时态。从句如果描述的是客观真理、科学理论等则永远用一般现在时态。陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句直接引语：直接引语： She said, “My brothers name is Tom.” 直接引语：直接引语： She said, “My brothers name is Tom.” He asked me, “Where do you live?”直接引语：直接引语： She s

3、aid, “My brothers name is Tom.” He asked me, “Where do you live?”间接引语：间接引语：直接引语：直接引语： She said, “My brothers name is Tom.” He asked me, “Where do you live?”间接引语：间接引语： She said that her brothers name was Tom. 直接引语：直接引语： She said, “My brothers name is Tom.” He asked me, “Where do you live?”间接引语：间接引语：

4、She said that her brothers name was Tom. He asked me where I lived.人称的变化人称的变化一一随随主主二随宾二随宾三三不不变变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称在变间引后去人称不变称不变She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,

5、“ you must get up early”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted help him.一随主，二随宾，三不变一随主，二随宾，三不变 “一随主一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said.

6、My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.The boy said ,” Im reading a book.”Direct speech 直接引语直接引语 The boy said (that) he was reading a book.Reported speech间接引语间接引语.“二随宾二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人

7、称要跟引第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then. “第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间是指直接引语变间接引语时。接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化人称一般不需要变化如：如： Mr.

8、Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy.Practice:1) He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.” He said _brother had failed in the exam.2) He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?” he asked Mary how _mother was then.3)My teacher said, she is a good student. My teacher said

9、 _was a good student4) He said to me,“ Ive left her book in your room” He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.hishershehehermy一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变不变一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时Ex:. John said, “I like reading adventure stories. ” Joh

10、n said that he _ reading adventure stories. She said to me, “I broke your CD player. ” She told me that she _ my CD player. He said, “Ill come here this morning.” He said he_ go there that morning. He says, “I have finished my homework.” He says that he _ his homework. . He said, “they are playing g

11、ames over there?” He said that they_ playing games over there.likedhad brokenwouldhad finishedwere指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化动词的变化直接引语中动词直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用在间接引语中用go:直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：this变为变为that; these变为变为those本来就是本来就是that/those则不变。则不变。 4. 若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时要用接引语

12、时要用_语序，而且要加连语序，而且要加连词词_或或_。如：。如： 4. 若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时要用接引语时要用陈述句陈述句语序，而且要加连词语序，而且要加连词if或或whether。如：。如： 4. 若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时要用接引语时要用陈述句陈述句语序，而且要加连词语序，而且要加连词if或或whether。如：。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?” 4. 若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时要用接引

13、语时要用陈述句陈述句语序，而且要加连词语序，而且要加连词if或或whether。如：。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?” She asked her mother if/whether she could go shopping with her. 4. 若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时要用陈述句语序，而且要加连词接引语时要用陈述句语序，而且要加连词if或或whether。如：。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?”

14、 She asked her mother if/whether she could go shopping with her. He asked me, “Will you have a test on Thursday?” 4. 若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时要用陈述句语序，而且要加连词接引语时要用陈述句语序，而且要加连词if或或whether。如：。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?” She asked her mother if/whether she could go sh

15、opping with her. He asked me, “Will you have a test on Thursday?” He asked me if/whether I would have a test on Thursday. 5. 若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语就要使用特殊疑问词，而且要用语就要使用特殊疑问词，而且要用陈述句陈述句语序。如：语序。如： 5. 若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语就要使用语就要使用特殊疑问词特殊疑问词，而且要用，而且要用陈述句陈述句语序。如：语序。如： “How much money do

16、 you spend on books?” he asked me. 5. 若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语就要使用语就要使用特殊疑问词特殊疑问词，而且要用，而且要用陈述句陈述句语序。如：语序。如： “How much money do you spend on books?” he asked me. He asked me how much money I spent on books. 5. 若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语就要使用语就要使用特殊疑问词特殊疑问词，而且要用，而且要用陈述句陈述句语序。如：语序。如： “How mu

17、ch money do you spend on books?” he asked me. He asked me how much money I spent on books. “What is your uncle?” he asked me. 5. 若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语就要使用语就要使用特殊疑问词特殊疑问词，而且要用，而且要用陈述句陈述句语序。如：语序。如： “How much money do you spend on books?” he asked me. He asked me how much money I spent on boo

18、ks. “What is your uncle?” he asked me. He asked me what my uncle was. 6. 当直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语当直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语要改为要改为tell (ask, order, advise) sb. (not) to do sth. 的句型。也就是把动词原形变成的句型。也就是把动词原形变成，并在动词不定式前用，并在动词不定式前用tell, ask, order等动词及其宾语。如果祈使句是否定等动词及其宾语。如果祈使句是否定式，在动词不定式前加式，在动词不定式前加not。如：。如： 6. 当直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语

19、当直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语要改为要改为tell (ask, order, advise) sb. (not) to do sth. 的句型。也就是把动词原形变成的句型。也就是把动词原形变成动动词不定式词不定式，并在动词不定式前用，并在动词不定式前用tell, ask, order等动词及其宾语。如果祈使句是否定等动词及其宾语。如果祈使句是否定式，在动词不定式前加式，在动词不定式前加not。如：。如： The policeman said to the children, “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman said to th

20、e children, “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman told the children not to play football in the street. The policeman said to the children, “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman told the children not to play football in the street. My mother said to me, “Please come and help

21、me.” The policeman said to the children, “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman told the children not to play football in the street. My mother said to me, “Please come and help me.” My mother asked me to go and help her.1. 直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时，直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时，如与一个表示过去的时间如与一个表示过去的时间(如如1991,l

22、ast week)连用，在变为间接引语时时态不变。连用，在变为间接引语时时态不变。My father said to me, “I read the book in 1986.”My father told me he read the book in 1986.2. 直接引语表达的意思是直接引语表达的意思是客观真理客观真理时，时，在变为间接引语时在变为间接引语时时态不变时态不变。The geography teacher said to us, , “The earth goes around the sun.”The geography teacher told us that the e

23、arth goes around the sun.Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesWhat words can be used to report statements, questions, and imperative sentences?Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesthatWhat words can be used to report statements, questions, and imperative s

24、entences?Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesthatwhether/ifWhat words can be used to report statements, questions, and imperative sentences?Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesthatwhether/ifwh-wordsWhat words can be used to report statements, questions,

25、and imperative sentences?Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesthatwhether/ifwh-wordsWhat words can be used to report statements, questions, and imperative sentences?reporting verb引语词（如： tell/ask/order/beg.）+ O + (not) + to do1. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had

26、seen her the week _.2. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there3. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.4. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 5. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew w

27、here she _.6. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.7. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ him the news. 8. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.ifaskedtoldbeforeshecouldwherehowhadihadthoselivediifstoptot

28、oldtonotaskedtellifthatMike said that he didnt think he would be able to finish it in time.He told his friend that it was the most interesting film he had ever seen.把下列句子改为间接引语把下列句子改为间接引语 2. “Its the most interesting film Ive ever seen,” he told his friend. 1. “I dont think I will be able to finish

29、it in time,” Mike said. 4. My mother said, “Have your rotten tooth been pulled out?” 3. The doctor said to the patient, You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow. The doctor told the patient that he would have to wait till 3 pm the next day. 4. My mother said, “Have your rotten tooth been pulled out?

30、” 3. The doctor said to the patiet, You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow. The doctor told the patient that he would have to wait till 3 pm the next day. My mother asked if my rotten tooth had been pulled out. 4. My mother said, “Have your rotten tooth been pulled out?” 3. The doctor said to the

31、patient, You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow. 5. “How will you go to the park?” Brown said to his younger brother. 5. “How will you go to the park?” Brown said to his younger brother. Brown asked his younger brother how he would go to the park.Read the advertisement and complete the letter on P

32、age 9.Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _waswould behad readthatwouldhad boughtthatwouldthoseherRead Part A on Page 11 and practise reporting questions using whether/if or wh-words.Answers:2. Wang Qin _ _.3. Lu Kai _ _.asked how it could help him remember English words.asked whe

33、ther/if it taught listening and speaking 4. Liu Fang _ _ _.5. Gu Jin _ _.asked what the designerwould do if she was not satisfiedwith the softwareasked whether/if it was easyto useRead the advertising tips Part A on Page 11 and report each of them to your boss.Answers:2. The expert encourages us to

34、_.3. The expert recommends that _.use interesting and attractive photoswe (should) use eye-catching logos4. The expert suggests that _ _ _.5. The expert tells us to _ _.we (should)make the slogans short and easymake good useof colours to attract peoples attentionto remember1. your tomorrow 2. I did last I havent 3. Have you had/Did you have 4. I finished yesterday5. am going6. Will co