宋春苗2014暑假北师版高一预学第一课时词类及句子类型

1、文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！ 2014暑假高一预学课程课题词类复习课次1教学目标知识目标：梳理初中阶段词类的相关考点，了解高中阶段相对应词类的用法能力目标：灵活掌握词类在不同语境中的用法情感目标：帮助学生调整心态，更好地迎接新学期的学习教学策略1. 对比学习（新旧知识点间的共性与不同点）2. 例题讲解，攻破疑难点3. 强化训练，讲练结合词类衔接要点展示名词初中阶段高中阶段1. 可数名词的数2. 可数名词复数的变化3. 不可数名词量化表示4. 名词的所有格1. 词义辨析（同义词，近义词或不同名词间的辨析）2. 单词基本义的引申和拓展。常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中经常出现，试题

2、通常会将单词放在复杂的语境中考查其具体含义。3. 复合名词Exercises:( )1. When you go abroad for further study, you should learn to adapt to the of the country. A.customs B.habits C.interest D.instruction( )2. You are always full of . Can you tell me the secret? A.power B.strength C.force D.energy( )3. The young man made a to h

3、is parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. A.prediction B.promise C.plan D.contribution冠词初中阶段高中阶段1. 不定冠词a, an的区别及其基本用法2. 冠词the的基本用法3. 零冠词的用法1. 拓展不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词的用法2. 冠词在固定词组中的用法3. 冠词在具体语境中的用法4. 冠词的某些特殊用法Exercises:( )1. are planning to go on vacation. A.Blacks B.A Black C.The

4、Blacks D.The Blacks( )2. The poet and pianist is going to give us a talk. A.a B.the C./ D.an( )3. Peoples Repubic of China is biggest developing country in the world. A.The;/ B./;the C.The;the D./;/代词初中阶段高中阶段1. 人称代词与物主代词的用法区别2. 反身代词的用法3. 常见不定代词的用法1. 反身代词的用法2. 指示代词it, one,that的用法辨析3. 不定代词another, oth

5、ers,the others的用法4. It的主要用法5. Such修饰名词的位置Exercises:( )1. Dont be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again, will you? -No, I wont. I know that of us are perfect after all. A.none B.neither C.each D. all( )2. Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday? . I cleaned it by myself. A.Someone B.

6、Anyone C.Nobody D.Everyone( )3. He is not a man would leave his work half done. A.what B.he C.who D.where形容词和副词初中阶段高中阶段1. 形容词，副词的词义辨析2. 比较级和最高级的基本用法1. 形容词、副词的特殊用法2. 形容词，副词的比较级特殊用法3. 正确运用分词形容词4. 形容词作状语的用法Exercises:( )1. After the long journey, the three of them went back home, A.hungry and tiredly B.

7、hungry and tired C.hungrily and tiredly D.hungrily and tired( )2. Everything seemed to be going for the first two days. A.vividly B.generally C.frequently D.smoothly( )3. In the good care of the nurses, the boy is recovering from his heart operation. A.quietly B.actually C.practically D.gradually动词初

8、中阶段高中阶段考查动词最基本的形式，掌握它随人称，数，时态，语态变化而变化的规律，动词所在的句子一般很简短。不仅考查动词的基本用法，也考查动词的特殊用法，考查的重点有：1. 情态动词+have done的用法2. 动词的完成时3. 动词的被动语态4. 不定式的被动式Exercises:( )1. The doctor said that you swim after a large meal. A.couldnt B.wouldnt C.neednt D.shouldnt( )2. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was dela

9、yed. A.will B.can C.must D.should( )3. The plant is dead. I it more water. A.will give B.would have given C.must give D.should have given 句子结构及成分成分成分：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。主语：谓语：宾语：表语：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句

10、子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。句子结构(一)简单句1.主语+谓语（不及物动词）The sun does not always shine.太阳并非永远照耀。 注意：被动：无。考点：不及物动词没有被动语态。但有些不及物动词构成一些动词短语后能转为被动语态。The baby was looked after by the neighbor. 这个小孩由邻居照看着。 2.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语What we did hurt him.我们的所作所为伤害了他。The market

11、provides many goods for people.市场向人们提供许多货物。 被动：He was hurt by what we did. / Many goods are provided for people by the market. 3.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。My father gave me a pen as my birthday   present.父亲给我一支刚笔作为生日礼物。 被动：A pen was given to me by my father as my birthday present.I was given a pen b

12、y my father as my birthday present. 4. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语Love makes the world go around 爱让世界运行不息I will make life more enjoyable. 我会使生命更精彩。 被动：The world is made to go around by love. Life is made more enjoyable by me.5. 主语+系动词+表语Our better days are ahead 我们美好的时光在前头The boy looks very smart. 这个小男孩看起来非常

13、聪明。 被动：无。系表结构无被动语态。但表示事情的特征、性状时，用主动语态表示被动的意义。The food in china tastes very delicious. 中国的食物尝起来很美味 (二)复合句在句子的八大成分中,有些成分是可以由一个句子来充当,我们称其为从句。按照功能，从句可划分为六种，分别是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句、状语从句和同位语从句。其中，由于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句在句子中行使的都是名词的功能，又统称之为名词性从句。（从句一定会有引导词） 1、主语从句在复合句行使主语的功能。What we do willingly/ is easy 愿者

14、不难。That he won the first prize in the English competition /is known to everybody. 他英语竞赛获得第一的事情，每一个都知道。 2、宾语从句行使宾语的功能。Goals determine/ what youre going to be.目标决定你将成为什么样的人。We know/ that you are a kind girl. （动宾）我们知道你是一个善良的女孩子。We are worried about/ when he will recover from the bad cold. （介宾）我们担心的是他什么

15、时候能从严重的感昌中恢复过来。I am sure/ that she will come back on time. (形宾)我确保她会按时回来的。 3、表语从句在复合句中行使表语的功能。Love is /what links two souls.爱是联结两个心灵的东西.The pencil looks /as if it were broken /when it is put into a glass of water. 当被放进一杯水中时，这支铅笔看起来似乎是断了。 4. 同位语从句：在复合句中行使同位语的功能。The plan/ that our school will build a

16、hall /will be carried out next year. 我们学校将要建一幢礼堂的计划将要在明年实施。We support the suggestion/ that every student should wear uniform. 我们支持每一个学生都应穿校服的建议。 5、定语从句在复合句中行使定语的功能。Success is a process/ that never ends .成功是一个永远没有结束的过程。A man/ who knows two languages/ is worth two men. 懂得两种语言的人抵得上两个人。 6、状语从句在复合句中行使状语的

17、功能。A real friend never gets in your way，/unless you happen to be on the way down.真正的朋友绝不会挡你的路，除非在你走下坡的时候。As soon as I saw/ I was going the wrong way, /I would turn around and change my direction .一看到自己走错了路，我就会转身改变方向。 明确句子成份的概念之后，再进一步掌握句子的简单基本结构。现在举例子说明结构分析法的步骤。例1、It was his special talent to make ea

18、ch visitor feel that the smile was unique.第一步：找句子的主干得：主语+系+表语。分析：在英文中，为了避免头重脚轻，当一个句子的主语较长时，一般都会将其放在句子的尾部，而有“it”作为形式主语，真正的主语应该是to make each visitor feel that the smile was unique 部分。这样做无非是为了使句子美观，更易于理解，久而久之，也就成了使用习惯。事实上，如果直接将其放在句子的头部，也并非错误。 第二步：分析句子枝干得，主语+系+表语.在真正的主语中，that引导表语从句,feel为感官系动词、主语是each vi

19、sitor。that引导的表语从句中又是主语+系+表语。 第三步：用中文的表达习惯，翻译该句子。 让每一位游客都感觉到微笑的独特之处是他的特殊才能。 例2、If you want to interact effectively with me (从句),you first need to understand me （主句）.第一步；找主句的主干得：主语+谓语+宾语.分析：主语是you 谓语是need宾语是不定式to understand me.第二步：分析句子的枝干得：主语+谓语+宾语.由If连词引导的条件状语从句，you作句子的主语 ,“to interact effectively wi

20、th me ”部分是做want的宾语。第三步：用中文的表达习惯，翻译该句子。如果希望和我有效地交往，你首先需要去了解我。 根据结构句子可以划分为三种类型：简单句、并列句和复合句。  简单句只有一个谓语动词或并列谓语的句子. I love my parents. 我爱我父母。She is pretty and likes dancing. 她长得很俊俏且喜欢跳舞。 并列句由并列连词连接两个以上简单句而成的句子。并列连词如：and, but, or ,so等。并列句中的每个简单句可称为 (并列)分句。 如:In a full heart there is room for everyth

21、ing,/ and in an empty heart there is room for nothing.充实的心灵包容一切，容虚的心灵排挤一切。如:We cant control the beauty of our face, /but we can control the expression on it .我们无法控制自己面容的美丽，但我们能够控制自己面容的表情。如: Problems never stop/ but people can stop problems.问题永远不会停止，但人可以停止问题。  复合句除主句外还包含一个或一个以上从句的句子。主句是指表达主要思想，可

22、以独立存在的句子，而从句相对于主句而言，是指表达次要思想，不能独立存在，只能和主句一起使用的句子，每个从句的功能相当于一个句子成分，也称主从复合句。如:Once you study hard, /you will make great progress. 一旦你努力学习，你就会取得很大的进步。 If you want to interact effectively with me, /you first need to understand me.如果你想希望和我有效地交往，首先你需要了解我。      注意：在复合句中,主句的主干为整个句子的主干,从句

23、的主干只能作为枝干的主干,不能作整个句子的主干。因此，分析句子的结构时首先分要清主句和从句。Exercises:( )1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it. A. andB. orC. ifD. so( )2. Its the third time that John has been late, _? A. hasnt heB. isnt he C. isnt itD. hasnt it( )3. _ joyful he was to meet his brother again! A. HowB. WhatC. What

24、 aD. What an( )4. Let us pass, _? A. shant weB. shall weC. wont weD. will you( )5. I suppose hes serious, _ ? A. do IB. dont IC. is heD. isnt he( )6. You had better not smoke here, _? A. will youB. had youC. shall youD. have you( )7. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition. A.

25、thenB. butC. andD. or( )8. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night. A. andB. butC. soD. because( )9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and _. A. Henry hasnt too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry(

26、 )10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming. A. orB. forC. whileD. so( )11. - Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home? - Id like to go out.A. orB. andC. butD. so( )12. - “_ is the temperature today?”-“Its 38 degrees.” A. Whi

27、chB. HowC. How hotD. How high( )13. - Your uncle isnt an engineer, is he?- _. A. Yes, he isntB. No, he isntC. No, he isD. He is( )14. _ friendly _ to everyone! A. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she isD. What, she is( )15. Mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired. A. orB. soC. forD. yet( )16.

28、 Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD. made( )17. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library. A. butB. andC. orD. yet( )18. - Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do. - _ what you want and I can get it for you. A. Tell meB. If you wou

29、ld say to meC. You will tell meD. If you tell me( )19. As he is strong, _ can lift one hundred pounds. A. yet heB. but heC. andD. he( )20. - I thought you had an umbrella.- I had, _ Ive lost it. A. sinceB. butC. becauseD. so题型专练（首字母填空&综合填空）(一)首字母填空Roy Trenton drove a taxi before. A short while a

30、go, however, he b 1 a bus-driver and he feels no sorry about it. He was finding his new work far more i 2 .When he was driving along Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves r 3 out of a shop and run towards a waiting car. One of them was carrying a bag f 4 of money. Roy acted quickly and drove t

31、he bus straight to the thieves. The one w 5 the money got so afraid that he dropped the bag. As the thieves were trying to get a 6 in their car, Roy drove his bus into the b 7 of it. While the car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and t 8 the police. The thieves car was badly damaged（损坏）and e 9 t

32、o recognize（辨认）. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were c 10 .1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. (二)综合填空Several men hit the Sao Paulo Museum of Art just before dawn on December 20th , 2007，and _1_ shocked the authorities as it took the thieves just three minutes to steal painti

33、ngs _2_ two worldfamous artists, Pablo Picasso _3_ Candido Poninari，_4_ are worth millions of dollars. Images from the secret camera show that two men began their action at 509 a. m. ，_5_ the guards in the museum were going through their shift change(换岗). They broke through two glass doors，_6_(run)

34、to the museums top floor and grabbed the two paintings from different rooms，somehow _7_(avoid) nearby guards. The alarm never rang，and by 512 a. m. ，they were making their escape. After _8_，the police were interviewing the 30 museum employees. “Everything indicates thieves were sent to do it by some

35、 wealthy art lover for _9_ own collection. He was not rich enough to buy the paintings，_10_ he was wealthy，” said the lead police officer，Marcos Gomes de Moura. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 阅读理解When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English. Because of her English, s

36、he was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously ,did not give her good service ,pretended not to Understand her ,or even acted as if they did not hear her .My mother has realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fi

37、fteen, she used to have me call people on phone to pretend I was she . I was forced to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rude to her. One time I had to call her stockbroker (股票经纪人).I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs.Tan.” And my mother w

38、as standing beside me ,whispering loudly, “Why he dont send me cheek already two week lone.”And then , in perfect English I said : “Im getting rather concerned .You agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasnt arrived.”Then she talked more loudly. “What he want? I come to New York tell him f

39、ront of his boss.” And so I turned to the stockbroker again, “I cant tolerate any more excuse. If I dont receive the check immediately , I am going to have to speak to your manager when I am in New York next week.”The next week we ended up in New York. While I was sitting there red-faced, my mother,

40、 the real Mrs.Tan, was shouting to his boss in her broken English. When I was a teenager, my mothers broken English embarrassed me. But now, I see it differently. To me, my mothers English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, an

41、d full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expressed ideas, and made sense of the world.( )1.Why was the authors mother poorly served? A.She was unable to speak good English. B.She was often misunderstood. C.She was not clearly heard. D.She was not

42、very polite.( )2.From Paragorph 2, we know that the author was . A.good a pretending B.rude to the stockbroker C.ready to help her mother D.unwilling to phone for her mother( )3.After the author made the phone call, .A.they forgave the stockbroker B.they failed to get the check C.they went to New Yo

43、rk immediately D.they spoke to their boss at once( )4.What does the author think of her mothers English now? A.It confuses her. B.It embarrasses her. C.It helps her understand the world. D.It helps her tolerate rude people.( )5.We can inter from the passage that Chinese English . A.is clear and natu

44、ral to non-native speakers B.is vivid and direct to non-native speakers C.has a verv bad reputation in America D.may bring inconvenience in AmericaHow I Turned to Be OptimisticI began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunts house, and my mother said that we mi

45、ght soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some peopleon the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning.I do not remember myself cr

46、ying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to seethe strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to co

47、me back was hardly in my head then.The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really losthaving to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex f