牛津译林版八年级下册被动语态专项练习

1、八下牛津英语语法讲解与练习-被动语态一、各种时态的被动语态一般现在时：am/is/are+动词过去分词Carsaremadebythem.一般过去时：was/were+动词过去分词TheMP3wasboughtbymyfather.一般将来时：will/shall/begoingtobe+动词过去分词Thebridgewillbecompletedintendays.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+动词过去分词Themeetinghasbeenputoff.二、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后、

2、。仍”要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”。例如：wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.fThiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Wemustfinishthisworksoon.fThisworkmustbedonesoon.Wehavetocleantheclassroom.fTheclassroomhastobecleanedbyus.三、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题(1)时态保持一致。Ihaverepairedmycomputer.-Mycomputerhasbeenrepaired.(2)如果要说出动作的执行者，并且

3、这个执行者可以作主动语态中主语时，就用by短语，如果后面的词表示地点，不是动作的执行者，就用in短语。Itismadebyus.ItismadeinWuhan.(3)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动句by的宾语时要用其宾格形式。Hecleanedthecar.fThecarwascleanedbyhim.(4)疑问句的被动语态，用be动词的对应形式代替doDoesshedrivethiscar?fIsthiscardrivenbyher?(5)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。HisbestIriendoftenlooksafterhim.-Heisoftenlook

4、edafterbyhisbestfriend.主动句中有一些动词如buy,send,give,show,olTer,tell,lend,teach等，带有双宾语，一个是直接宾语(指物)，另一个是间接宾语(指人)，主动语态变为被动语态时，可以把间接宾语变成主语，保留直接宾语，也可以把直接宾语变为主语，保留间接宾语，但此时一般在间接宾语前加一个介词。Myfathergavemeabook.f(1)1wasgivenabookbymyfather.f(2)Abookwasgiventomebymyfather.Sheshowedmesomephotos.f(1)1wasshownsomephotos

5、byher.f(2)Somephotoswereshowntomebyher.注意：有些双宾语动词，如do,pass,sell,send,sing,bring,write等，变为被动语态时，通常以直接宾语作主语，保留间接宾语，其前面根据情况用介词t。或forShewrotemealetter.fAletterwaswrittentomebyher.有些双宾语动词如answer,save,envy(羡慕)等，通常以间接宾语作被动语态主语，保留直接宾语。Heansweredmethatquestion.fIwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.(7)主动语态句中使役动词和感官动

6、词的宾语补足语为不带to的不定式，但变为被动语态时要加上to,这类的动词有make,have,let,notice,see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,feelhelp等。Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes,fHewasmadetowashthedishes.Isawaboycrossthestreet.fAboywasseentocrossthestreet.(8)Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句

7、型“+Itbe+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.o有"：Itissaidthat据说,Itisreportedthat据报道，Itisbelievedthat大家相信，Itishopedthat大家希望，Itiswe11knownthat众所周知，Itisthoughtthat大家认为,Itissuggestedthat据建议。彳列Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.)四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1、(1)英语中

8、有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash,cut,wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswe11.Thecoatssellwell.Theknifecutswell.这刀好使。Theshoeswearlong.这鞋耐穿。注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwontlock.(指门本身有毛病)Thedoorwontbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门，指“门

9、没有锁”是人的原因)(2)表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout(出现)等以主动形式表示被动意义。(3)系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.2、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。(1)在need,want,require等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing

10、(toberepaired).这房子需要修理。(2)在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout省略了forme).(3)在to。to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy

11、.五、下列情况不能用于被动语态1 .不及物动词没有被动语态这类动词常见的有：takeplace,happen,last,rise,breakout,appear等Theaccidenthappenedlastnight.(J)Theaccidentwashappenedlastnight.()x2 .系动词没有被动语态这些动词有：feel,turn,taste,sound,smell,look,get,become等。8下被动语态专项练习一、按要求改写下列句子l.IsteagrowninSouthChina?(改为主动语态)peopleteainSouthChina?1.1 amgivenab

12、irthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同义句转换)Abirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear3 .ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)AnEnglishsongbythechildren.4 .Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)Itbyyounow.5 .Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.（改为被动语态）Metaimakingmachines.6 .Hemademedothatforhim.（改为被动语态）Ithatforhim.

13、1. .SomePeoplenoticedthoseworkersmakingmachines.（改为被动语态）Thoseworkersmakingmachines.8. Theyoftensawtheboywatchthefootballmatcheslastyear.（改为被动语态）Theboyoftenthefootballmatchesbythem.9. Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?（改为被动语态）abridgeherebythemayearago?10. HarryJonesdesignedthegame.（改为被动语态）ThegameHarryJ

14、ones.11. Heoftenmakesusworkfortenhoursaday.（改为被动语态）Weoftentofortenhoursaday.12. Myparentsbuymeabirthdaycakeeveryyear.（改为被动语态）（1）1abirthdaycakebymyparentseveryyear.（2）Abirthdaycakemebyparentseveryyear.13. Wenoticedhimeatingsnacksinclass.（改为被动语态）Heeatingsnacksinclassbyus.14. Heplantsmanytreeseveryyear

15、.（把句子改为被动语态）Manytreesbyhimeveryyear.15. Theteachermadehimhandinhomeworkbeforeclass.（把句子改为被动语态）Hewashandinhomeworkbeforeclass（bytheteacher）.16. HeboughtaCD-ROMlastyear.（把句子改为被动语态）ACD-ROMlastyear.17. HeorganizesactivitiesoftheComputerClub.（把句子改为被动语态）ActivitiesoftheComputerClubbyhim.18. .Doeseveryonein

16、theworldknowtheGreatWall?（把句子改为被动语态）theGreatWallintheworld?19.Igavehimapresentyesterday.（把句子改为被动语态）ApresenthimbymeYesterday.20.Theworkersbuiltthebridgein2004.（把句子改为被动语态）Thebridgebytheworkersin2004.二、单项选择1. Eachyearquitealotoffoodaroundtheworld.A.waswastedB.iswastedC.wastedD.willbewasted2. Thesickman

17、tohospitalbythepolicemananhourago.A.istakenB.wastakenC.takesD.took3. Elephantscarrywoodbypeoplelongtimeago.A.wastrainedB.trainedtoC.traintoD.weretrainedto4. Whyareyousoexcitedtoday?-Weweretoldapicnicthisweekend.A.haveB.tohaveC.havingD.had5. Themeetingtwoweeksago.A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld6. T

18、hethiefbythepolicelastnight.A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtD.werecaught7. LastyearBeyingbyabigsandstorm.A.ishitB.werehitC.willbehitD.washit8. 一Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.-I'msorry,butIwhentomeet.A.don'ttellB.didn'ttellC.haven'ttoldD.wasn'ttold9. .TweIve-year-oI

19、dsshouldnottodriveinChina.A. allowB. be allowC. allowedD. be allowed-6 -well.10. Thislisteningmaterial,togetherwithitsCD-ROMs,A.seDsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold11. -Atpresent,oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.-Morechancestostudentstolearnfromeachother.A.ofterB.areoflaredC.haveoHeredD.areoffering12

20、. -anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?-Yes,itwas.A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build13. "Whattheplaneoften?Atrainingcentre.A.is;usedasB.-was;usedtoC.is;usedtoD.was;usingas14. HewasseenabankjustnowA.toenterB.toenterintoC.enterD.enteringinto15. Weretheyheardatthattime?A.talkandlaughB.totalka

21、ndlaughC.talkingandlaughingD.talkedandlaughed16. Thenewflatsinthecentreofthetownwell.A.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold17. TheWorldCupeveryfouryears.A.takesplaceB.istakenplaceC.isheldD.BothAandC18.Oldpeopleareoftenpolitelybytheyounginourcountry.A.spokentoB.speakingC.spokenD.speaking19. Boysandgirls,have

22、youfinisheddrawingthepictures?Yes,theyamomentago.A. have finishedB. were finishedC .are finishedD. finished20. Marydidn'tknowwherethebirthdaycardandlookedworried.A.washidingB.washiddenC.hidD.hidden21. Tombyhisclassmatesbecausehemadeacarelessmistake.A.laughedatB.waslaughedatC.laughedD.waslaughed2

23、2. Theydayandnight.AaremadeworkBaremadetoworkCmadetobeworkedDaremakingtowork23. Youmaygofishingifyourwork.AisdoneBwillbedoneChasdoneDhavedone24. ThesekindsofCD-ROMSinthatshopoverthere.Theywell.Aaresold,aresoldBaresold,sellCsell,sellDsell,aresold25. MrChenhasaloudvoice.Hisvoicecanclearlyeveninthatbig

24、classroom.AhearBbeheardCbehearingDhaveheard26. Doyouliketheflower?Yes,itsweet.AsmellsBissmellingCsmeltDissmelt27. Englishinmanycountries,buttheChinesetheirownlanguage.A.speaks;spokenB.isspoken;isspokenC.isspoken;speakD.isspoken;speaks28. -HowmanycakescanIhave,Mum?-None,dear.Theyforyourfather.A.prepa

25、reBpreparedC.havepreparedD.wereprepared29. HisnewbookhasAcomeonBbeencomeonCcomeoutDbeencomeout30. Foodandclothestothechildreninpoorareasbythevolunteers.A.handoutBarehandedoutCarehandingoutDworkedout三、用()里词的适当形式填空1 .Youngtrees(water)welleveryday.2 .Thirtybikes(repair)byUncleWanglastweek.3 .Thiskindof

26、machine(use)forcuttingthings.4 .Manystrangethings(take)placeeveryyear.5 .Rice(grow)twpthousandyearsagobyChinesepeople.6 .Information(keep)inthecomputerjustnow.7.Childrenunder1.2minheightshould(nottake)totheconcerthall.8.Activities(plan)tohelpthepooreveryyear.9.Ourclassroomissodirtyanditneeds(clean).

27、10 Jackisverytunny.Iamalwaysmade(laugh)11 .Thegoodnewsisthatmostofthecasesofblindnesscan(cure).12 .Childrenshould(treat)withkindness.13 .Shewasmade(wait)halfanhour.14. Usuallythoseletters(write)inEnglishinthepast.15. DoyouknowthatOxfom(set)upintheUKin1942?16. Anewfilm(show)atRedStarCinemayesterday.1

28、7. Whatyourcomputer(use)for?-Sendingandreceivinge-mails.18. Youmaygooutandplayassoonasyourhomework(finish).五、完形填空1Nowcomputersarevery1amongyoungpeople.Lastweek,weaskedthirtyyoungpeople2fourteenandeighteen.Weaskedhowmuch3theyusuallyspentontheircomputersinaweek,butwe4mostinterestedin5theyusedtheircomp

29、utersfor.TheusualtimespentonacomputerinaweekwasabouttweIvehours,with6useraboutthirty-twohours,andthelowestuseronlyfivehours.Allthechildrensaidtheyusuallyusedcomputers7.Fourteenchildrentoldustheydidsomewordprocessing(文字处理),OnlytwoofthemsaidcomputersJheirlessons,andeightchildrentoldustheykeptaddresses

30、andphonenumbersintheircomputersorusedI0towritediaries.Onlythreechildrensaidtheywerelearningtomakecomputerprogramsandnobodylookedupdatabases(数据库).Noneofthemusedcomputersforany11use.The12showthatcomputeruseisquitehighamongyoungpeopleof14-18yearsold.Theyalsoshowquiteclearlythatcomputers13bymostyoungpeo

31、pleaslittlemorethangamemachines.14"houghcomputersarecommoninthehomesofyoungpeople,theyhavenotyetbecome15ineverydaylife.( )1. A. common( )2. A. among( )3. A. hours( )4. A. is( )5. A. what( )6. A. high( )7. A. to read( )8. A. at times( )9. A. found out( )10.A. theirs( )11.A. another( )12.A. ways(

32、 )13.A. are seenB.cheapB.betweenB. moneyB. wasB. whyB. higherB. readingB. as usualB. worked atB. themB. otherB. questionsB. have seenC.easyC. fromC. timeC. areC. howC. highestC. to play gamesC. in the endC. helped withC. itsC. the otherC. reportsC. will be seenD. difficultD. aboutD. /D. wereD. wheth

33、erD. the highestD. playing gamesD. all the timeD. looked overD. itD. othersD. results (结果)D. see)14. A. More or lessB. From now onC. By the way D. It seems to us that-11 -()15.A.wondertUlB.popularC.usefulD.expensive六、阅读理解Lifecomesinapackage.Thispackageincludeshappinessandsadness,failureandsuccess,ho

34、peanddespair.Lifeisalearningprocess.Experiencesinlifeteachusnewlessonsandmakeusabetterperson.Witheachpassingdaywelearntodealwithvarioussituations.Loveplaysamainroleinourlife.Lovemakesyoufeelwanted.Withoutloveapersoncouldbecomecruel(残忍的).Intheearlystageofourlife,ourparentsaretheoneswhoshowuswithlovea

35、ndcare.Theyteachusaboutwhatisrightandwrong,goodandbad.Butwedon'taIwayscareaboutit.Itisonlyaftermamageanhavingkidsthatapersonunderstandsothers'feelings.Happinesscanbringpeopleapeacefulmind.Nomindishappywithoutpeace.Sadnessisthecauseofthedeathofalovedoneorthefailure.Butallofthesethingswillpass

36、away.Failureisthewaytosuccess.Ithelpsustotouchthesky,teachesustosurviveandshowsusaspecificway.Successbringsinmoney,prideandserespect.Hopeiswhatkeepslifegoing.ParentsaIwayshopetheirchildrenwilldowe11.Hopemakesusdream.Hopebuildsinpatience.Lifeteachesusnottodespaireveninthedarkesthour,becauseafterevery

37、nightthereisaday.Lifeteachesusnottoregret(后'悔)overyesterday,forithaspassedandisoutofourcontrol.Tomorrowisunknown,foritcouldeitherbebrightordark.Sotheoolychoiceistoworkhardtoday,sothatwewillenjoyabetteromoirow.)1. We usually have to acceptif we want to be successful.A. loveB. failureC.sadnessD.ho

38、pe()2.Inwhichsectioncanreadersprobablyreadthepassage?A.Business.B.TravelC.Lifestyles.D.Education.()3.Whatdoestheword“despair”meaninChinese?A.颓废B.遗憾C.悲伤D.绝望()4.What'sthemeaningofthelastsentenceofthewholepassage?A.Whenchoosingbetween“today”and“tomorrow”,you'dbetterenjoytomorrow.B.Ifyouworkhardtoday,you'11haveabetterlifeinthefuture.C.Whatyoucanonlychooseistoworkha