八年级英语寒假专题——名词外研社知识精讲

1、用心 爱心 专心初二英语初二英语寒假专题寒假专题名词名词外研社外研社【本讲教育信息本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容： 寒假专题名词名词的定义：表示人、事物、时间、地点或抽象概念名称的词叫名词。例：America 美国/milk 牛奶/Great Wall 长城二. 重点、难点：1. 名词的分类名词专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词Mum, Doctor, Zhang,Monday, Aunt, Wei,New Year, U.S.A,Shanghai, the YellowRiver, the Great Wall,The Peoples Dailyboydesks

2、undaycatpeopleclassgroupfamilymilkmeatricewatergoldgoodnesskindnessideahappinessfunlove专有名词专有名词专有名词一般表示独一无二的事物，第一个字母必须大写。由普通名词和形容词与其他词一起构成专有名词，除连词、冠词和介词外，其他词的第一个字母也要大写。有的专有名词要带冠词，有的则不带冠词。不需要带冠词的专有名词不需要带冠词的专有名词表示人名、称呼或头衔的名词例：John/Dad/Chairman Jiang/Uncle Sum表示星期、月份或节日的名词例：Monday/March/Childrens Day表示

3、地名、国名或城市名的名词例：Shanghai/Asia/London需要带冠词的专有名词需要带冠词的专有名词表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇”的专有名词例：the Smiths/the Greens由普通名词和形容词与其他词一起构成的专有名词例：the Great Wall/the United Nations表示河流、海洋、山脉、运河、沙漠、平原或群岛等的专有名词例：the Yellow River/the Changjiang River在报刊、书籍或杂志的专有名词前例：the China Daily/the Peoples Daily可可数数名词的数名词的数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单

4、数变为复数，形式有规则变化和不规则变化。用心 爱心 专心规则变化规则变化1. 一般在词尾加-s例：girl-girls/book-books/pen-pens2. 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh 结尾加-es例：bus-buses/box-boxes3. 以-o 结尾的名词，有的加-s，有的加-es例：photo-photos/hero-heroes4. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i 加-es例：citycities/storystories5. 以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词一般变 f 或 fe 为 v 加-es例：leafleaves/knifeknives不规则变化不规则变化

5、例：manmen/womanwomen/childchildren/footfeet/toothteeth/mousemice/peoplepeople/sheepsheep/ChineseChinese/deerdeer/JapaneseJapanese不可数名词表示数量时不可数名词表示数量时，前边须加量词。如 a cup of tea,two bottles of milk 等，此中的cup,bottles 等名词多是表达度量、容器等单位的词，相当于汉语的量词，它们根据其前面数量的变化而变化其单、复数形式，后面的物质名词如 tea，milk 等数的变化则根据其自身是可数名词与否而变化。例：

6、two cups of water/two boxes of apples注意：“数词度量名词形容词”组成一个合成词作定语时，其中的度量名词只能用单数形式。例：a six-meter-high hall 一座 6 米高的大厅100-meter race 百米赛跑2. 名词所有格名词所有格表示名词的所有关系表示有生命的人或动物的名词所有格表示有生命的人或动物的名词所有格一般在名词词尾加“s”例：my fathers face/the boys book以-s结尾的名词后只加“” ，不以-s结尾的名词复数所有格还要加“s”例：my friends/Teachers Day 并列名词的所有格并列名词

7、的所有格：若表示是各自所有，则在每个名词后加“s”，且它们后面的名词用复数形式，如：Jack and Mikes T-shirts; 若表示它们共有的东西，则在并列名词中最后一个名词后加“s”例：Mrs. Black is Jack and Mikes mother.布莱克夫人是杰克和迈克的妈妈。表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词所有格表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词所有格，也可以加“s”例：todays newspaper/five minutes ride无生命的名词所有格一般用无生命的名词所有格一般用 of 来表示来表示例：a map of China/the left s

8、ide of the river3. 名词在句中的作用名词在句中可以作为主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和同位语。例：Doctor Wang will be free in ten minutes.（主语）王医生10分钟后有时间。I want to be a scientist when I grow up.（表语）我想长大后当一名科学家。用心 爱心 专心She considered me as a teacher.（宾语）她把我当作一名教师。Mr. Hu, our math teacher, is very kind to us all.（同位语）我们的数学老师胡先生对我们都非常好。I woul

9、d like to drink some orange juice.（定语）我想喝些橘汁。We write to each other once a month.（状语）我们一个月通一次信。【模拟试题模拟试题】一. 根据句意，用括号内给的单词的适当形式填空。1. I borrowed several _from the library just now.（book）2. Meimei is one of the best _in her class.（student）3. There are two _on the table.（knife）4. We can see a lot of _in

10、 the picture.（sheep）5. He sat down and warmed his _at the fire.（foot）6. _fall in autumn.（leaf）7. He has three _of old books under his bed.（box）8. The building is eight _high.（foot）9. Miss Li is one of the most popular _at school.（teacher）10. I usually come to school on_.（foot）11. March 8 is _Day.（wo

11、man）12. Shanghai is one of the biggest _in China.（city）13. June 1 is _Day.（child）14. My sister has two_.（pen）15. How many _are there in your school?（player）16. We have quite a lot of nice _here. Let me show you some of them.（photo）二. 选择填空。17. Lucy tried her best to find a good job in the city, but s

12、he had no_.A. trouble B. idea C. luckD. time18. Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _to his office.A.20 minutes walk B.20 minutes walk C.20-minutes walk D.20-minute walk19. A mans name is Phillip Allan Beckman. You may call him_.A. Mr. PhillipB. Mr. Allan C. Mr. Phillip Allan D. Mr. Beckman20. Christmas

13、 Eve is the night_.A. before December 24 B. after December 25C. of December 25 D. of December 2421. The sign “BUSINESS HOURS” can be seen in a _.A. shop B. school C. park D. museum22. There are _on the table.A. a glass of water B. a glass of milkC. two glass of water D. a glass of orange23. Twelve _

14、were hurt, but no _were lost in that accident.A. person, lifeB. people, lives C. peoples, livesD. persons, life24. Id like something to read. Would you please pass me the_?用心 爱心 专心A. pen B. box C. ruler D. book25. Linda, Ive bought many _.Now lets make the birthday cake.A. fresh eggs B. chocolate mi

15、lkC. frozen food D. rice dumplings26. The doctor worked for _after twelve oclock.A. two more hours B. two another hourC. more two hours D. another two hour27. We have _rest after each class.A. ten minutes B. ten-minutesC. ten minutes D. ten minutes28. You looked for it twice, but you havent found it

16、. Why not try_?A. three times B. once C. the third time D. a third time29. _usually go to the zoo on Sundays.A. The Smiths B. Mr. Smiths C. The Smiths D. Mr. Smiths30. She had drunk_.A. four glasses of milks B. four glass of milk C. four glasses of milk D. four glass milk31. This is the _bedroom.A.

17、twinss B. twinsesC. twin D. twins32. That book is not mine, but her _.A. sisters B. sistersC. sisterss D. sister33. You can see a _over the beautiful river.A. mountain B. ship C. boat D. bridge34. Linda doesnt know _Chinese because she has studied it for only _months.A. much; a little B. little; few

18、 C. few; a little D. much; a few35. This is _newspaper.A. todays B. today C. todayss D. todays36. He will be back in a few _time.A .years B. yearsC. years D. yearss37. This room is_.A. Lily and Lucys B. Lilys and Lucys38. Mr. Brown has a _son.A. ten year old B. ten year-old C. ten-year-old D. ten-ye

19、ars-old39. There is a _building in my school.A.50-metres-tall B.50-metre-tall C.50 metre tall D.50 metres-tall 40. There is some _on the plate.A. meatB. cakes C. potato D. pears41. The _are going to fly to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans42. Whats your _for being late again?A. ide

20、a B. key C. excuseD. news43. There are three _in the factory.A. woman drivers B. women drivers C. women driver D. woman-doctors44. Henry runs fast. He won the _800-metre race yesterday.A. boys B. boys C. boy D. boys用心 爱心 专心45. You can see lots of _in the street.A. letters box B. letters boxes C. letter box D. letter boxes46. He broughe me_.A. two news B. a piece of newsC. a good new D. many good news47. Would you like some_?No, thanks, Im not hungry at all.A. bread B. water C. juice D. t