国贸课件Unit2 General Procedures of Export and Import

1、Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionGeneral procedures of export transaction A. Preparation for exportingnmarket research: a process of conducting research into a specified market for a particular productnFind out:n the needs of the marketn the methods by which the products can

2、 be supplied(1) ResearchnResearch on the countries or regionsnTo investigate their political, financial and economic conditions; nTo come to know their laws and regulations concerning foreign trade, foreign exchange control, customs tariffs and commercial practices.nTo get to know their foreign trad

3、e situation (the structure, quantity, volume of exporting and importing commodities, trading partners and trade restrictions)nResearch on the marketnDo research on the production, consumption, price and its trend concerning a particular commodity.nResearch on the customernConduct an investigation on

4、 credit information, the importers reputation, and business sizenSources of information:n1) Commerce Agencies in Foreign Countriesn2) Trade associationsn3) Banksn4) Chamber of Commercen5) Enquiry Agenciesn6) the buyers (2) Promotionnsales literaturenpoint of sale advertisingnpackagingnsponsorshipnsh

5、owroomsntrade fair and exhibitionnpublicitynpublic relationsB. Business negotiationEnquiry 询盘询盘na starter of business transactionnGeneral enquiry: a request of business information about the price lists, catalogues, samples and details about goods or trade terms so on. nSpecific enquiry: a request o

6、f information for specific goods. Offer nto present for sale and bid a pricenoffer: a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into a contract.nfirm offernnon-firm offernFirm offer: a kind of offer which is made to a specific person or persons to express or imply a definite intention of

7、the offeror to make a contract under a clear, complete and final trade termsnthe exporter cannot refuse to sell the goods he offers if it is acceptednusually has a time limitnNon-firm offer：an offer without engagement. ( unclear, incomplete and with reservation)ne.g. Subject to our final confirmatio

8、n Subject to our written acceptancenCounter-offer: a reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additions, limitations or other modificationsne.g. YOUR PRICE TOO HIGH COUNTEROFFER XX REPLY 14TH (你方价太高，还盘XX，限14日复） YOUR 20TH LOWEST USD70 REPLY 8TH HERE (你20日电，最低价70美元，8日复到）Accept

9、ancenAcceptance is a statement made by or other conduct of the offeree indicating unconditional assent to an offer.nContract is concluded. Conclusion of sales contractnindispensable terms in a contract: the name of seller and buyer, the description of the goods, quality and specification, quantity,

10、packing, unit price, amount, payment, date of delivery, shipping, insurance, inspection, claim and arbitration.nSales contract and sales confirmation is normally made out in two originals.nC. Implementation of Contractn1. Preparing goods for shipmentnPrepare goods for shipmentnCheck: quality, specif

11、ication, quantity, marking, packing, the datenQualitynSale by inspection nSale by samplenSale by specification （凭规格买卖）nSale by grade （凭等级买卖）nSale by standardnQuantitynSystem of weights and measures 度量衡制度 nMetric system (公制) ：千克（kg）和米(meter)nBritish system（英制）：基本单位为榜（pound）和码 (yard)。为英联邦国家所采用，而英国因加入欧

12、盟，在一体化进程中已宣布放弃英制，采用公制。nU.S. system（美制）：基本单位和英制相同，为磅(pound) 和码 (yard)、但有个别派生单位不一致。如英制为长吨(long ton or gross ton)等于2240磅，而美制为短吨(short ton)等于2000磅。n International system of units，SI（国际单位制）：是国际标准计量组织在公制基础上制定公布的。其基本单位包括千克(kilogram)、米(meter)、秒(second)、摩尔(mole/mol)、坎德拉(candela)、安培(ampere)和卡(calorie)等七种。nPac

13、kingnTransport packing (outer packing) 运输包装(外包装或大包装)nSmall packing（inner packing）销售包装（内包装或小包装）nNeutral packing 中性包装nMarkingn外贸中的“唛头”是运输标志另一种称呼，是为了便于识别货物，防止错发货，通常由型号，图形或收货单位简称，目的港，件数或批号等组成。通常是由一个简单的几何图形和一些字母、数字及简单的文字组成，其作用在于使货物在装卸、运输、保管过程中容易被有关人员识别，以防错发错运。2. Inspection ApplicationnBefore delivery, th

14、e manufacturers shall make a precise and comprehensive inspection of the goods with regard to its quality, specifications, performance and quantity of weight, and issue an inspection certificate certifying the technical data and conclusion of the inspection.nInspection certificate 检验检疫证书nThe commodi

15、ty inspection authorities issue inspection statements called the inspection certificate after the commodities have undergone inspection.Categories:nInspection certificate of quality: 品质检验证书nInspection certificate of weight or quantity: 重量或数量检验证书nSanitary inspection certificate: 卫生检验证书nVeterinary ins

16、pection certificate兽医检验证书nDisinfection inspection certificate: 消毒检验证书nCertificate of value: 价值检验证书nInspection of certificate of origin: 原产地检验证书n商检证书的有效期限，一般货物是从发证之日起算，2个月内有效；鲜果，鲜蛋为2-3个星期；植物检疫为3个星期。3. Reminding, Examining and Modifying L/CnThe buyer should establish the L/C on timenReminding: The sel

17、ler urges the buyer to expedite the opening of L/CnExamining: The seller examines the receipt of L/CnRefer to the contract and UCP 600nUCP：跟单信用状统一惯例与实务（Uniform Customs and Practice for Commercial Documentary Credits）nModifying: If any discrepancies exist, the seller should contact the buyer immediat

18、ely for necessary amendments so as to guarantee the smooth execution of the contract4. Chartering and booking shipping spacenAfter receiving the L/CnChartering: goods of large quantity which needs full shiploadnSpace booking: goods in small quantities5. Customs formalities nDeclare 报关，报关，即货物的申报，是指货物所有人或其代理人在货物进出境时向海关申请报验，交验海关所规定的各种单证，以接受海关的监督与检查。6. Insurancen投保单：insurance applicationn凡按CIF条件成交的出口合同，卖方在装船前均须按照合同的规定向保险公司办理投保手续，填写投保单。投保人投保时，应将货物名称，保额，运输路线，运输工具，开航日期，投保险别等一一列明。保险公司接受投保后，即签发保险单或保险凭证。7. Documents Preparation for Bank Negotiation制单结汇nRequirements of the documents