英语科笔记摘录--module 5

1、 因因指责或控告指责或控告. 依靠，取决于依靠，取决于 通知通知 说实话说实话 约会，预约约会，预约 提高技术提高技术 精通精通 记住记住 错过截止日期错过截止日期 帮助帮助做做 辨析：辨析：demand, require, request1.语意区别语意区别 demand 主语是人，表示坚决要求，主语是人，表示坚决要求，坚持坚持要做某事要做某事；主语是物，指；主语是物，指迫切需要迫切需要。 require 表示按照法规、权利提出的要求表示按照法规、权利提出的要求或命令，指或命令，指客观需要客观需要。 request 指通过指通过正式手续提出的要求正式手续提出的要求，口，口气缓和，态度礼貌，气

2、缓和，态度礼貌，“恳求，请求恳求，请求”。The kind of work _ great patience.Many factories _ a test to investigate the honesty of future workers.The students _ that the school provide more computer classes.demandsrequirerequested都可接都可接that引导的宾语从句，从句引导的宾语从句，从句都要都要用虚拟语气，即用虚拟语气，即should + do. The new project _ many qualifie

3、d scientists and technicians.All passengers _ to show their tickets.The athletes _ that the judges reappraise(重新评价重新评价) them.demands are requiredrequest require表示表示“需要需要”时，后接时，后接to do / doing。接动词不定式，用其被动形式；接动词不定式，用其被动形式；接动名词，用其主动形式表被动接动名词，用其主动形式表被动The baby requires to be looked after carefully.= The

4、 baby requires looking after carefully. 马上，立刻马上，立刻 四面八方四面八方 很快入睡很快入睡 环境破坏环境破坏 使使想起想起 头几天头几天 对未来持乐观的观点对未来持乐观的观点 看不见看不见 给给留下印象留下印象 处于压力下，受到压力处于压力下，受到压力4.辨析：辨析：surrounding, environment, circumstance, setting surrounding 一般用复数一般用复数形式，仅指一个特形式，仅指一个特定时期某人或某物周围所有具体的物质性定时期某人或某物周围所有具体的物质性的东西，的东西，是一种比较笼统的说法，包括

5、物是一种比较笼统的说法，包括物体、建筑物、自然景色等体、建筑物、自然景色等 environment 可指自然环境，也可指精神可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，用环境，用单数单数形式，表示一个或一群生物形式，表示一个或一群生物体周围的整体状况，尤其指作用和影响这体周围的整体状况，尤其指作用和影响这群生物体的生长、发展和生存的外界物质群生物体的生长、发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和条件的总和 circumstance “环境、情形、情况环境、情形、情况”，常常用复数用复数，指某事物或动作发生时的情况，指某事物或动作发生时的情况，常与常与under、in连用，表示连用，表示“在在情况下情况下” setti

6、ng “背景、环境背景、环境”，常指人文环境或，常指人文环境或戏剧、小说的情节背景戏剧、小说的情节背景1.Children need a happy home _.2.The students live happily in the beautiful _.3.I cant imagine a _ in which I would be willing to steal.4.China is the _ of the story. environment surroundingscircumstance setting5.People tend to behave differently in

7、 different social _ .6.The company has the right to cancel this agreement in certain _ .7.He turned on the light and examined his _.8.Recycling paper and cars is an easy way to preserve the _. environment surroundingscircumstances settings 10.optimistic（详见练习册）（详见练习册） 11.take up / sweep up（详见练习册）（详见练

8、习册） sweep aside 对对置之不理置之不理All the advice was swept aside.所有的忠告都被当成了耳边风。所有的忠告都被当成了耳边风。 sweep away 彻底消除，完成打消彻底消除，完成打消All doubts have been swept away.所有怀疑已经完全消除。所有怀疑已经完全消除。 take off take in take over take away take down take back take on take for起飞，脱去起飞，脱去欺骗欺骗接管接管带走带走记下记下取回，收回取回，收回雇佣，呈现雇佣，呈现(错错)当作，当作，(

9、误误)以为以为 take along take apart take care of take place take the place of take notes take part in take pride in take ones turn 随时携带随时携带 拆开，拆卸拆开，拆卸 照顾照顾 发生，举行发生，举行 代替代替 记录，做笔记记录，做笔记 参加参加 以以为自豪为自豪 轮流轮流练习册练习册page 41-43答案答案 Mary is an English teacher whose patents work in Japan. Is this the umbrella which

10、/that you are looking for? October 1, 1949 is the day when new China was founded.1.This is the place where the great man was born. He talked about Rome as if he had been there before. I remember all the things as if they happened yesterday. He paused as if to let the painful memory pass. We should d

11、o what we can to help him. What hurt our feelings most was her words. As your friend, I will tell you what I heard. We climbed in through the small opening. My sister jumped out from behind the door, which frightened me. He took the book from below the pillow and handed it to me. She has loved Shake

12、speare since childhood. I have been looking forward to meeting you ever since Mary told me about you. Since you havent made up your mind, why not ask mother for help?多个形容词修饰名词时，其排列顺序为：多个形容词修饰名词时，其排列顺序为：限定词限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词代词)+数词数词(序数词、基数词序数词、基数词)+描绘形容词描绘形容词(beautiful，good，interest

13、ing , kind)+特征特征形容词形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧新旧)+颜色颜色+国籍国籍+材料材料+名词名词 a famous German medical schoolmy expensive Japanese sports carthose large round black wooden tables1） Tony is going camping with _ boys.A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other little D.little other two 2)One day

14、they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stoneB. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old几个形容词修饰一个名词，排列顺序是：几个形容词修饰一个名词，排列顺序是：（年龄，形状，大小）（年龄，形状，大小）+颜色颜色+来源来源+质地质地+用途用途+国家国家+名词。名词。 3) - How was your recent visit to Qingdao?- It was great. We visited some friends，and sp

15、ent the _days at the seaside.A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last本题考查多个形容词的本题考查多个形容词的排序排序问题。问题。一般与一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后的形容词在前，音节多的方在后。I have seen amazing things1.Described as an enormous round pla

16、te, it spins slowly in space slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity.天空站像一个巨大的圆盘，在天空中缓天空站像一个巨大的圆盘，在天空中缓缓地旋转，以仿照出地球重心的引力。缓地旋转，以仿照出地球重心的引力。2.You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant its sent.你把这种金属带子放在

17、你的头上，排你把这种金属带子放在你的头上，排除杂念，按下发送键，集中精神想着除杂念，按下发送键，集中精神想着你要传递的信息，片刻工夫信息就发你要传递的信息，片刻工夫信息就发出去了。出去了。 3.Its quick, efficient and environmentally friendly.它快捷有效，而且环保。它快捷有效，而且环保。4.Well, now there is a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.现在我们有一种装置，能利用生态学原现在我们有一种装置，能利用生态学原理来处理

18、掉废气物。理来处理掉废气物。5.The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as “fertilizer” for the fields and “soil” for deserts.垃圾被分解成了几种有用的物质，如垃圾被分解成了几种有用的物质，如庄稼的庄稼的“肥料肥料”和沙漠中的和沙漠中的“土壤土壤”。6.Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one.批量生产不再在地球上进行，而是

19、转移到批量生产不再在地球上进行，而是转移到了像这样的天空站里。了像这样的天空站里。7.When the goods are ready theyre transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.一旦货物齐备，就用工用太空船运送到地一旦货物齐备，就用工用太空船运送到地球。球。Ex 3, page 562 数十年前，人们还用打字机打出正式文数十年前，人们还用打字机打出正式文件，但现在我们可以用电脑和打印机做件，但现在我们可以用电脑和打印机做同样的工作。同样的工作。Decades ago, people used typewriters for

20、 formal documents, but now we use computers and printers to do the same work.4 千年之后地球上的居民可能可以用生态千年之后地球上的居民可能可以用生态系统来处理垃圾。系统来处理垃圾。 One thousand years in the future, citizens of the earth may be able to dispose of their rubbish using an ecological system.6 与人打交道是商务人员工作的一个重要与人打交道是商务人员工作的一个重要部分。部分。Deali

21、ng with people is one important aspect of a businessmans work.8 在医院呆了六周以后，他终于恢复状态在医院呆了六周以后，他终于恢复状态并且开始工作。并且开始工作。After six weeks in hospital, he was back on his feet and ready to start work. 由由组成组成 弄清问题弄清问题 涉及，提到涉及，提到 脱离，挣脱脱离，挣脱 值得赞扬值得赞扬 国际关系国际关系7.教育体制教育体制8.为了方便起见为了方便起见9.工业城市工业城市10.留心观察留心观察11.历史建筑历史建

22、筑12.使某人的旅途不虚使某人的旅途不虚此行又有意义此行又有意义 5.辨析辨析:accomplish, finish, complete, achieve accomplish指成功地完成指成功地完成(任务任务), 取得取得(成就成就), 实现实现(计划计划), 达到达到(目的目的)。 finish指把某件事做完指把某件事做完,常指完成日常常指完成日常的琐事的琐事;另表另表“吃完吃完”，“完成学业或完成学业或课程课程”。其后跟。其后跟V-ing形式做宾语形式做宾语。 complete较较finish正式正式,常指完成计划、常指完成计划、工程、建筑等，工程、建筑等，强调完成的结果。强调完成的结果

23、。 achieve 指通过努力克服困难，完成指通过努力克服困难，完成伟大功业，取得较大的成绩。伟大功业，取得较大的成绩。1.A lazy man would never _ anything.2.We set off immediately after we _ our lunch.3.No one can _ his goal without efforts.4.The new gallery will be _ by the end of next year. accomplished finished achieve completed5.He hopes to _ all his ai

24、ms by the end of the year.6.The bridge isnt _ yet.7.When do _ your college courses? finish achieve completed 15.error, mistake和和fault error指违反某一标准做的错事，包括道德指违反某一标准做的错事，包括道德上的错误上的错误, 一般与一般与commit搭配；搭配； mistake指偶然做错了事，强调日常生活中指偶然做错了事，强调日常生活中的错误，一般与的错误，一般与make搭配；搭配； fault常常指人在性格上或办事上的常常指人在性格上或办事上的“缺点缺点,毛

25、病毛病”，强调过失的责任，不能与，强调过失的责任，不能与make搭搭配，一般与配，一般与have或或commit搭配搭配 了解了解的情况的情况 体态特征体态特征 提出一个理论提出一个理论 传染性的疾病传染性的疾病 得出结论得出结论 百姓百姓;普通人普通人 暴露暴露(.)在在中中 把把.吸收入吸收入.9.收集信息收集信息10.贫民区贫民区11.一条珍贵的线索一条珍贵的线索12.缓解缓解, 慢下来慢下来13.肯定地宣布肯定地宣布14.调查调查15.深入调查深入调查16.私人医生私人医生 对某人严格要求对某人严格要求 一个革命性的理论一个革命性的理论 通向通向. ;导致导致 只有，只要只有，只要 有

26、意义有意义, 讲得通讲得通6.从事，致力于从事，致力于7. 完善理论完善理论8. 鼓励某人做某事鼓励某人做某事9. 留心留心，谨防，谨防10. 宇宙的中心宇宙的中心四、四、with+宾语宾语+宾语补足语结构宾语补足语结构1. They sat together around the table, with （门关（门关着）着）.（shut）2. They pretended to be working all night, with （灯（灯亮着）亮着）.（burn）3. I cant go out to play, with （如此多作业要（如此多作业要做）做）.（do）4. The chi

27、ldren came running toward us, with （手（手里拿着花）（里拿着花）（hand）5. With （考试结束）（考试结束）, we had a long time to rest.（over）6. With _ （这么多人来到现场）（这么多人来到现场）, I felt nervous.（present）Practice 2: Rewrite the following sentences with the past participle as attributive. Lets try the bookstore that was opened last mont

28、h. Lets try the bookstore opened last month.Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they liked it.Nine out of ten women who were interviewed about the product said they liked it.Yesterday, the President went to visit the retired workers.Yesterday, the President went to visit the wor

29、kers who had retired. Rewrite these sentences as one sentence using the past participle as the attribute or predicative.(P44)2 1. I found this plate on the floor. The plate was broken in pieces. I found this broken plate on the floor.I found this plate broken in pieces on the floor.2. I saw a tall,

30、dark and handsome man. His name is Xiao Ming.I saw a tall, dark and handsome man called Xiao Ming.3. I looked at that modem abstract (抽象抽象) painting. It was colored in yellows and greens.I looked at that modem abstract painting colored in yellows and greens.4. Yesterday I got the answer to my questi

31、on. It was the one I expected.Yesterday I got the expected answer to my question. 5. She is one of my friends. She is devoted to my interests.She is my friend devoted to my interests.6. On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles. They were marked in green ink.On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles m

32、arked in green ink.7. We saw many windows in that room. They were all cracked.We saw many cracked windows in that room. (1) 谓语动词用过去式表现在：谓语动词用过去式表现在：If only I knew his name! 要是我知道他的名字就好了。要是我知道他的名字就好了。 (2) 谓语动词用过去完成时表过去：谓语动词用过去完成时表过去：If only we had followed your advice! 我们要是采纳你的意见就好了。我们要是采纳你的意见就好了。 (3

33、) 谓语动词用谓语动词用could/would表将来：表将来：If only I could see him again! 要是我能再看到他多好啊！要是我能再看到他多好啊！If only she would accept my invitation! 要是她接受我的邀请该多好啊！要是她接受我的邀请该多好啊！虚拟语气虚拟语气 2. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。 with+with+宾语宾语+ +宾语补足语宾语补足语的结构，在句中作状语。的结构，在句中作状语。介词短语介词短语, ,过