被动语态、感叹句、宾语从句

1、被动语态被动语态被动语态的基本结构：be+done 各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构：一般现在时：do/does am/is/are+done一般过去时：did was/were done现在进行时：am/is/are doing am/is/are being done现在完成时：have/has done have/has been done一般将来时：will/shall/be going to do will/shall/be going to be done过去进行时：was/were doing was/were being done过去完成时：had done had been d

2、one 过去将来时：would/should/be going to do would/should/be going to be done含有情态动词：can/may/must do can/may/must be done被动语态的用法1）不知道动作的执行者是是谁。如： 这块手表是中国制造的。 This watch was made in China.2) 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如： 每年都应该种更多的树。 More trees must be planted every year.3) 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如： 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。（强调汉语的使用广泛） Chin

3、ese is spoken by more and more people in the world.被动语态和系表结构的区别1）被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如： The shop was closed by the police. (动作） The shop is closed today. (状态）2）系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配，被动语态结构中常为by短语。如： Miss Wang is satisfied with us. (系表结构）3）系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态结构则可用于多种时态。不用被动语态的情况1）

4、主动句的宾语是each other或是反身代词时，不能用被动语态。如： The man introduced himself as Mr. White. They help each other study English.2）当主动句的谓语动词是表示状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。如： We will have a meeting.3）主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能作被动语态中的主语。如： My brother enjoys watching TV. He asked to have a try.主动语态变为被动语态主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作承受者 被动语态：动

5、作承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作执行者如：We asked him to sing an English song. He was asked to sing an English song by us.带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 She gave me a book. I was given a book by her.A book was given to me by her.动词短语变为被动语态 许多由vi 和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于vt，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词

6、或副词。如： We should speak to old men politely. Old men should be spoken to politely. (to 不可省略）带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.不带不带toto的不定式作宾补变被动语态后要加上的不定式作宾补变被动语态后要加上toto 感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等，使役动词let, make, have等后跟省略

7、to的不定式，变为被动句时，应还原to。如： He makes the girl stay at home. The girl is made to stay at home by him.主动结构表被动意义1) open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等词作vi且表示事物的自然属性的时候，用主动语态表被动意义。如： This kind of pen writes very smoothly. This kind of shirt sells well here.2) look, sound, taste, sme

8、ll等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如：Uniforms look ugly on us. Moon cakes taste delicious.3) be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。如： This book is worth reading. 4) “want/need/require+doing”=“want/need/require+to be done”。如： My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired.根据汉语提示完成句子1）This kind of pants well. 这种裤子卖得好。2）That

9、 story interesting. 那个故事听起来有趣。3）That novel is worth . 那本小说值得读一读。4）My watch needs . 我的手表需要修理。5）This shop is at 8:00 in the morning. 这家商店早上8点开业。答案：sells sounds reading repairing open1. Look at our new school. It last year. A built B was built C is built D will be built2. In order to make our city more

10、 beautiful, more trees and flowers every year. A will plant B should plant C should be planted3. On June 11th, 2013, Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts into space from the space center in Jiuquan. All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch. A sent up B are sent up C was sent up4. I

11、m sure that stricter rules to control cigarette smoking very soon. A made B will make C were made D will be made B C C D 感叹句What What 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句1.What +a/an +adj.+单数n.+主语+谓语！如： What a beautiful girl she is!2.What +adj.+复数n.+主语+谓语！如： What important jobs they have done!3.What +adj.+不可数n.+主语+谓语！如： Wh

12、at sweet water it is!How引导的感叹句引导的感叹句1.How +adj./adv.+主语+谓语！如： How interesting the dog is!2.How +adj.+a/an+单数n.+主语+谓语！如： How useful a subject they are learning!3. How+主语+谓语！如： How time flies!一些特殊形式1.在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹号变成感叹句，表示某种强烈的感情。如： He runs so fast! Do read it carefully!2. 感叹句也可以是表示强烈感情的一个词或词组。如：

13、Wonderful! Look out! Great!3. 以there, here等副词开头的感叹句。如： There she is! There goes the bell!如何判断用如何判断用what还是用还是用how来引导感叹句来引导感叹句方法一：凡是有a, an开头的，多用what；方法二：凡是形容词直接加名词的，多用what；方法三：其他一般用how。1. Do you know the book One Hundred Years of Solitude (百年孤独）has been printed again? It is expected to be. unusual nov

14、el it is! A. What B. What a C. How D. What an2. I hear that China is building an aircraft carrier (航空母舰）. great news it is! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a3. good news it is! The pandas are found alive after the earthquake. Its so . A. How a; excited B. What; exciting C. What a; excited D. How; ex

15、citing D A B4. good time we had during our stay in Hainan last year! Yes, fun we had playing some water sports there! A What a; what B How; how C What; how D How a; what5. the earthquake in Yushu is! Yes, we should try our best to help them.A What terrible B How terrible C How terribly D What terrib

16、ly A B宾语从句引导词 时态 语序 陈述句的引导词：陈述句的引导词： that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略 如：He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 一般疑问句引导词：一般疑问句引导词：if/whether “是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略 如：He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher. 特殊疑问句引导词：特殊疑问词特殊疑问句引导词：特殊疑问词what, which, who, whose, whom, when, where, why, how 在从句中作一定成分，如主语、宾语、状语如：He a

17、sked me whose the book was. Can you tell me where you are from?时态1）如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that hell leave for New York tomorrow.2)如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态。如： He told me that he would join in

18、the high jump.3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时。如： He told me that the earth is round.语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，即按照 主语+谓语的顺序。如： Do you know what Kates e-mail address is? Could you tell me when he left for Japan? He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.引导词that用于下列情况时不可省略1)当宾语从句的主语是that时。如： He said that

19、 that was a useful book.2)当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如： Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it.3)当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。如：He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyedseeing it very much.否定转移在宾语从句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe, suppose等时，要将从句的否定词

20、转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式，如： I dont think he will come with you.宾语从句的简化1）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：I hope that I can receive your email. = I hope to receive your email.2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”

21、结构。如： She doesnt know what she should do next. = She doesnt know what to do next.3)宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如： I dont believe what Tom said. = I dont believe Toms words.1. He said he wanted to speak to the boss. 他说他想跟老板说话。2.I dont know it is going to rain. 我不知道是否会下雨。3.Im thinking of we should go fishing. 我在

22、想我们是否应该去钓鱼。4. We didnt know she would come back. 我们不知道她将什么时候回来。5. Mum, the summer holiday is coming. I wonder . How about Qinling Wild Zoo? A where can we go B where we can go C how we can go D how can we go6. So can you tell me here today? Well, I was walking down Centre Street when a UFO landed. A

23、 what did you say B What you saw C when did you see it D when you saw that if/whether whether when B B1.Do you know ? Last year. A when he came here B Where did he come here C when he will come here D When will he come here2. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ? A where is the nearest bank B where wa

24、s the nearest bank C where the nearest bank is D where the nearest bank was3. Do you know ? Its about fifteen minutes walk.A how far is the post office B which is the way to the post officeC how long did you reach the post officeD how far it is to the post office from here A C D4. Im not sure to school from his home. A how far is it B how long does it take him