第四讲非谓语动词

1、第四讲非谓语动词1. - It'sraining hard outside.You'd better .OK.A. to go outB. going outC. not to go out2. - What abouthiking this Sunday?-Great. I'd like with you.A. to go ; goingB. going; goingC. going; to go3. - would mind your bike? No, not at all. I 'll put it under the tree right away.A

2、. moveB. to moveC. movesD. not go outD. go; to goD. mov ing4. During the Spring Festival, the heavy snow stopped many people from back home.A. goB. goesC. wentD. going5. - Where's Mr Yu , do you know?-Well, it's hard to say. But I heard himloudly here j ust now.A. was readi ngB. readi ngC. h

3、ad readD. to read非谓语动词概念以及考点点拨1. 对于分词，不定式和动名词掌握不清。2. 常见的一些搭配没记住。非谓语动词【考点分析】 非谓语动词在句子中不能单独作谓语，但可以单独作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。非谓语动词是历年各地中考必考的知识点之一，主要包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词的基本用法、句式结构和习惯搭配等。【趋势预测】 从命题内容来看，对动词不定式作主语、 定语、宾语补足语，不定式与疑问词 连用，不定式 与动名词作宾语的区别， 过去分词作定语等是今后考查的热点；从命题形式上看，以单项填 空、完型填空、词形变化为主，一般占 3-8分。一、考点

4、明细考点一动词不定式作主语。此时，常用it作形式主语，而把动词不定式放在后面，这样句子可以避免头重脚轻。It's easy to get l ost in a big city like Tokyo. 在东京这样的大城市容易迷路。It is good to read English in the morning. 早上读英语大有好处。考点二动词不定式作宾语。常接动词不定式作宾语的有afford, agree, begin, decide, expect, fail, forget, happen, help, hope,learn, plan, prepare, pretend, wa

5、nt, start, wish, promise 等。I can't afford to buy a digital camera at the moment.我现在买不起数码相机。I wanted to show it to you.我想把它给你看一看。考点三 动词不定式作表语。不定式作表语表示主语的职业、职责或性质等，通常对系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。His wish isto become a doctor.他的愿望是成为一名医生。To him, the first important thing was to save lives 对他来说，最重要的事情就是抢救生命。考点四动

6、词不定式作宾语补足语。1 常接带to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want, ask, tell, teach, wish, allow, invite等，构成want/ask sb. to do sth.句型表示 想要/让某人做某事 ”Our headteacher wants us to school on ti me.我们的班主任要我们按时到校。The policeman asked the children not to play in the street. 警察让这些孩子不要在街上玩耍。2 使役动词 let, make, have 和感官动词 see, watch, notice,

7、 look at, hear,li sten to, feel 等后面 接不带to的不定式（即动词原形）作宾语补足语。Thesepictures made me think of my childhood.这些照片使我想起了我的童年。I heard children talk in the next room.我听见孩子们在隔壁交谈。3动词help后面的不定式作宾语补足语，可以带to,也可以不带to。You must help me to do my homework this after noon. 你今天下午必须帮我做作业。He often helps his parents clean

8、the house. 他常常帮父母打扫房屋。考点五动词不定式放在它所修饰的名定语词或代词之后作定语。I have some clothes to w ash.我有一些衣服要洗。Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点什么？考点六动词不定式作状语。1不定式在不及物动词后作目的状语的情况最多，可位于句首或句末。To get good results, one must study hard.要想取得好成绩，必须努力学习。She came here to ask for her book.她来是为要回她的书。2 不定式和某些形容词连用构成“b +形容词+不定式”

9、结构，作原因状语。I'm glad to see you.很高兴见到你。We are sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉给你添麻烦了。3 不定式作程度或结果状语时，常与enough （表示肯定）或to（表示否定）连用。He is old eno ugh to go to school. 他长大了，该上学了。He is too young to go school. 他太小还不能上学。考点七 疑问词what, whi ch, how, when, where等于动词不定式连用。此时，它在句中作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。Where to buy this kind of

10、 computer is a problem.到哪里去买这种计算机是一个问题。I really don ' know what to do.我的确不知道该怎么办了。The question is how to get there.问题是怎么到那里去。Can you tell me which one to choose? 请告诉我选择哪一个？考点八动词不定式作宾语。1 动词 enjoy, practice, fi nish, mi nd, miss, keep, suggest, imagi ne, con sider 等后面只能接动名 词 作宾语。My uncle enjoys go

11、ing out for a walk after super. 我叔叔喜欢玩晚饭后出去散步。Her sister practices speak ing En glish everyday. 他妹妹每天练习说英语。2 某些介词构成的短语动词如 be interested in, be proud of, be worth, be used to, feel li ke, gi ve up, think of, take part in 等之后也接动名词作宾语。We are proud of be ing Ch in ese.我们因是中国人而感到骄傲。We are used toliving i

12、n thiscity.我们习惯住在这个城市里。考点九某些动词后面接不定式或动名词作宾语的异同。1 动词like, hate, start, begin后面可以接不定式或动名词作宾语，意思没有太大区别。但后面接动名词指经常性的动作，接不定式指一次性的具体动作。I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳。I like to swi m.我现在喜欢游泳。g 动词stop, forget, remember, go on, try后面接不定式或动名词意思有区别。She stopped crying and li stened to the musi c. 她停止哭泣去听音乐。Dr. Wang sto

13、pped to the weather report. 王医生停下来去听天气预报。考点十分词作定语。单个分词作定语置于被修饰的词语之前；分词短语作定语置于被修饰的词语之后。China is a develop ing coun try a nd America is a developed country.中国是一个发展中国 家，美国是一个发达国家。A li ttle child learning to walk often fails.学走路的小孩常常摔跤。The dictionary borrowed from Li Ming is on the desk.从李明那里借来的那本字典在桌子上

14、放着呢。考点一 感官动词感官动词see, watch, notice, hear等后面接不带to的不定式（即动词原形）作宾语补足语时 强调动作经常发生或强调动作发生的全过程；而现在分词强调动作正在进行。I oftensee him play basketball on the playground. 我经常看见他在操场上打球。Isaw him play ing basketball whe n I passed theplaygro und.我经过操场的时候，看 见他正在打篮球。二、易错点突破 易错点一：两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带to,后面的不定式往往省略to。To

15、 go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。易错点二：动词不定式作主语时，常用介词 for或of来引出其主语，即动作的执行者。如果动作的执行者与形容词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，那么就用介词of;反之，如果动作的执行者与形容词不具有逻辑上的主谓关系，那么就用介词for。It's niceyou me with my maths.A. for; to helpB. for; helpingC. of; to helpD. of ; helping【解析】C。考查动词不定式在“t's+ adj.+ of

16、+ sb. + to do sth.”和 “'s+ adj.+ for + sb. + to dosth.”两个句型中的用法。二者只有介词of和for之差，但意义不同。用of侧重对 某人”的品格、特征、性格等地描述；用for则侧重对不定式所指的事情”的描述。结合句意你帮我学数学，真是太好了 ”可选出正确答案为 Co易错点三：作宾语的动词不定式后面有通常 要用形式宾语it代替不定式。并将不定式置于宾语补足语之后。Most young people find exciting to watch a football match. A.itB. thisC. thatD. one【解析】Ao

17、考查动词不定式作宾语，在 竹nd + it +形容词+ to do sth."句型it是形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式，形容词在句中作宾语补足语。由关键信息find和exciting to watch可确定正确答案为 A。易错点四：如果动词是不及物动词，且与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，则作定语的 不定式要加上相应的介词。We have a lot of thingsto talk about.我们有很多事情要谈。易错点五：在疑问词 why, why n ot之后，动词不定式不带to。- What shall we do this Su nday, Li nda?- W

18、hy to the Scienee M useum?A. not to goB. not goC. don' goD. not you go【解析】Bo Why not do sth?"与 Why don'tyou do sth?"意思同为：为什么不.？” 后面接动词原形。故选 Bo易错点六：现在分词作定语和过去分词作定语的异同。前者表示一个正在进行的动作，而后者表示一个完成了或被动的动作。The book by the young writer sells well. It is popular among middle school students A

19、.was writte nB. writi ngC. wroteD. writte n【解析】D。考查过去分词作定语。根据句意那位年轻作家写的书很畅销”可知用过去分词作定语，选D。易错点七：过去分词作宾语补足语时，所指的动作和宾语存在被动关系。We had the machi ne repaired.我们请人修了机器。一根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Is it n ecessary(lear n) a foreig n Ian guage?2. He is good at (swim).3. Do you have anything(say) for yourself?4. It&

20、#39;sspring now. it'time(plant) trees.5. Don't keep me (wait) for a long time.6. The policeman told the boys not (play) in the street.7. Her son is too young (dress) himself.8. Let's(have) a rest, shall we?9. The speakerspoke too quickly for us (understand).10. The li ttl e boy is not ol

21、d eno ugh(read).11. I askedhim (show) me his new pen.12. Knives are used for(cut) things.13. I really don' know what(do) next.14. I often hear people (say) “(see) is(believe)”.15. You' better (try) thi s medi cine.16. They said they had nothing(worry) about.17. Can you finish (read) the book

22、 in three days?18. The doctor was busy(operate) on the boy at that ti me.19. (tell) you the truth, I dislike making friends with him.20. Stop(talk) and listen to me carefully.动词的不定式五个特征：1. 没有人称和数的变化2. 有时态和语态的变化3. 不能单独做谓语4. 可以有自己的宾语和状语5. 在句子中可以做除了谓语的一切成分肯定形式：to +动词原型否定形式：n ot + to do基本用法：1 .作主语To see

23、is to believe.2. 作宾语He decided to go there with us.3. 作表语His job is to teach.4. 补语I askedhim to help me.5 作定语He has a wish to become a singer.6 作状语We hurried to the room only to find none there.省略 to 的情况前有 do, but, except, beside, such as 时，后省 toDon't do anything silly such as marry him.Prefer t

24、o do sth rather than do sth.在Why not. Had better, Cannot but , Would rather 后一定要加 do动名词1. 主语Seeing is believing.Beatingthe boy is wrong.2. 表语To keep the money you found is steali ng.3. 定语There is a walking sti ck.He is in the reading room.4. 宾语 下列动词后，只能接动名词suggest, finish,avoid, can't help, mind

25、,enjoy, practise, miss, escape, advise,imagine, keep, permit, appreciateWe suggested going there.He has fi ni shed reading the book.下列词组后，只能接动名词Give up, put off, feel like, have difficulty/ trouble, be worth, thanksfor,what/ how aboutTo 后加 doing 的词组Be / get used to, pay attention to, object to, pr e

26、f er.t o. , look forward to, due to, owing to, stick toWe are looking forward to seeing you again.I prefer reading to li stening to music. 分词 现在分词 do + ing doing1. 时间状语Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy.Not having finish her work in time,the boss fired her.2. 原因状语Seeing nobody at home,

27、he decided to leave them a note.3. 伴随状语The girls came, following their par ent s.4. 结果状语The poor old man dead, leaving nothing to his children.5. 做定语This is a very interesting story.This is inspiring news.6. 做表语The film is moving.The news is very exciting. I was mov ed.过去分词 done1. 原因状语Tired by the t

28、rip, he soon fell asleep. Lost in thought, he almost run into a car.2. 时间状语Seen from the hill , the city looks like a garden.3. 条件状语Given more chance, I would have worked out the probl em. Given more time, I would have worked out the pr obl em.4. 伴随状语The teacher came in, followed by some students.5.

29、 定语That is a broken cup.There are 100 people injured in the acci dent .1. -Mum, can I have something?-Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is in the kitchen.A. to drink; nothing elseB. drinking; something elseC. to eating; something elseD. eating; nothing else2. Pleasedon' forgetthe ro

30、om while I am away in Beiji ng.A. clea nB. to clea nC. clea nedD. clea ning3. Why not your teacher for help when you can' finish it by yourself? A.ask; writeB. to ask; writi ngC. ask; writ ingD. ask; writi ng4. - How about in the river with us?-Sorry, I can't. My parents often tell me that.A

31、. swim; don'do B. swim; to do C. swimming; not do D. swimming; not to do5. The young man used toto work, but she is used towork now.A. drive; walk ingB. drove; walked C. drive; walksD. drivi ng; walk6. The woma n made his son fin ally after she told him some jokesA. laughedB. to laughC. laughD.

32、laughi ng7. When we practi ce speak ing En gli sh, we ofte n end up in Chinese.A. to speakB. speakingC. spokeD. speak8. - Is Jack in the library? Maybe. I saw him out with some books just now.A. goingB. goC. to goD. went9. More and more young people are trying to do somethingthe old.A. servedB. to s

33、erveC. serveD. serves10. The teacher askedBe n a differe nt quest ion in class.D. an sweredD. where to look afterD. thisA. an swerB. an sweri ngC. to an swer11. - Have you made up your mind the sick kids?-By singing songs.A. what to tellB. how to cheer up C. when to help12. Don't you thinkimport

34、ant to protect our earth?A. thatB. howC. it13. She was supposedin hospital, but people found her in the office.A. to lieB. lyingC. lieD. lies14. Let'splay in the street. Father tell s me do so.A. not to; not toB. not; not toC. don' to not D. not to; don't15. The old man is ill and he doe

35、sn't feel like .A. to eat someth ing B. to eat anyth ingC. eatin g someth ingD. eat in g anyth ing1. If you feel tired, you stop .A. have a restB. to have a restC. havi ng a restD. had a rest2. She was surprised me last ni ght.A. to seeB. see3. - did you tell him about the news?-By an e-mail.A.

36、How; sendingB. How; send4. - it's cold outside.-Why stay at home?A. not youB. not toC. sawD. see ingC. How; sentC. notD. What; sen di ngD. no5. more information about the trip, you can go toA. FindB. FindingC. To findD. Found6. - You aren't a stranger, aren't you, don't you remember me at the school gate ten minutes ago?A. Yes; to seeB. No; see ingC. No; saw7. - The mov