N脑神经ppt课件

1、Department of Anatomy ,Qingdao University Medical CollegeW.S.B 2019.12.3I. Olfactory n. (嗅神经嗅神经)II. Optic n. (视神经视神经)III. Oculomotor n.(动眼神经动眼神经)IV. Trochlear n. (滑车神经滑车神经)V. Trigeminal n. (三叉神经三叉神经)VI. Abducent n. (展神经展神经)VII. Facial n. (面神经面神经)VIII. Vestibulocochlear n. (前庭蜗神经前庭蜗神经) (位听神经位听神经)IX.

2、Glossopharyngeal n. (舌咽神经舌咽神经)X. Vagus n. (迷走神经迷走神经)XI. Accessory n. (副神经副神经)XII. Hypoglossal n. (舌下神经舌下神经)一嗅二视三动眼，一嗅二视三动眼，四滑五叉六外展，四滑五叉六外展，七面八听九舌咽，七面八听九舌咽，迷副舌下十二全。迷副舌下十二全。A. Classification of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory nerves (觉得神经觉得神经): I, II, VIII. 2. Motor nerves (运动神经运动神经): III, IV, VI, XI, X

3、II. 3. Mixed nerves (混合神经混合神经):V, VII, IX, X.B. Components of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory (afferent) fibers觉得觉得(传入传入) 纤维纤维 1) general somatic sensory fiber (GSA) (普通躯体觉得纤维普通躯体觉得纤维): skin nerve endings (皮肤神经末稍皮肤神经末稍) muscle spindles (肌梭肌梭) 2) special somatic sensory fiber (SSA) (特殊躯体觉得纤维特殊躯体觉得纤维):

4、visual (视视), hearing (听听), balance organs (平衡平衡) 3) general visceral sensory fiber (GVA) (普通内脏觉得纤维普通内脏觉得纤维): all viscera (全部内脏全部内脏) 4) special visceral sensory fiber (SVA) (特殊内脏觉得纤维特殊内脏觉得纤维): olfactory (嗅器嗅器) and taste (味器味器)2. Motor (efferent) fibers 运动运动 (传出纤维传出纤维 1) general somatic motor fiber (G

5、SE) (普通躯体运动纤普通躯体运动纤维维): muscles of the eye and tongue (眼外肌和舌肌眼外肌和舌肌) 2) general visceral motor fiber (GVE) (普通内脏运动普通内脏运动纤维纤维): smooth mm. (平滑肌平滑肌), cardiac mm. (心肌心肌), glands (腺体腺体) 3) special visceral motor fiber (SVE) (特殊内脏运动特殊内脏运动): skeletal muscles derive from branchial arch (源于源于鳃弓的骨骼肌鳃弓的骨骼肌) I

6、鳃弓鳃弓咀嚼肌咀嚼肌,II鳃弓鳃弓面肌面肌,III-VII鳃弓鳃弓咽喉咽喉肌肌,胸锁乳突肌胸锁乳突肌,斜方肌斜方肌 I. The Olfactory Nerve (嗅神经嗅神经)-SVAolfactory bulb(嗅球嗅球)Olfactory cells(嗅细胞嗅细胞)within the olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity(在鼻腔内嗅区上皮在鼻腔内嗅区上皮)olfactory filaments(嗅丝嗅丝) cribriform foraminaanosmia 嗅觉丧失嗅觉丧失 II. The Optic Nerve (视神经视神经) SSA tota

7、l blindness 全盲全盲 photoreceptor cells (感光细胞感光细胞) rod cells(视杆细胞视杆细胞)cone cells(视锥细胞视锥细胞)Bipolar cells(双极细胞双极细胞)Ganglionic cells(节细胞节细胞)Optic NerveOptic chiasma(视交叉视交叉)optic canal(视神经管视神经管). The Oculomotor Nerve (动眼神经动眼神经) GSE, GVE midbrain中脑中脑脚间窝脚间窝superior rectus levator palpebrae superioris(上直肌上直肌,

8、上睑提肌上睑提肌)inferior rectus medial rectusinferior oblique(下直肌下直肌,内直肌内直肌,下斜肌下斜肌)strabismus 斜视斜视 眼睑下垂眼睑下垂, 瞳孔扩展瞳孔扩展 , 眼球转向外下眼球转向外下, 复视复视sphincter pupil, ciliary m.(瞳孔括约肌瞳孔括约肌,睫状肌睫状肌)III superior branch(上支上支)III inferior branch(下支下支)sup. orbital fissure (眶上裂眶上裂). The Oculomotor Nerve (动眼神经动眼神经) GSE, GVE.

9、The Trochlear Nerve (滑车神经滑车神经) GSE midbrain(中脑中脑)背侧背侧superior oblique上斜肌上斜肌sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂眶上裂). The Abducent Nerve (展神经展神经) GSEpons脑桥脑桥lateral rectus外直肌外直肌strabismus 斜视斜视 diplepia (double vision) 复视复视sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂眶上裂) maxillary n(上颌神经上颌神经) ophthalmic n(眼神经眼神经) mandibular nerve (下

10、颌下颌n)pons(脑桥脑桥)lacrim n(泪腺泪腺)frontal (额额) nnasociliary(鼻睫鼻睫) n眶上神经眶上神经lacrimal gland(泪腺泪腺)鼻背鼻背, ,腔腔, ,筛窦筛窦, ,眼球眼球额皮额皮infraorbital(眶下眶下) n sup.alveolar(上牙槽上牙槽) n auriculotemporal n buccal (颊颊) nlingual (舌舌) ninf. alveolar n 眼口间皮肤眼口间皮肤上牙上牙,牙龈牙龈颞部皮肤颞部皮肤颊部皮肤颊部皮肤,粘膜粘膜舌前舌前 2/3 普通觉得普通觉得Taste.舌前舌前2/3味觉味觉men

11、tal 颏颏n 下唇皮肤下唇皮肤lower teeth下牙下牙,牙龈牙龈masticat. brs(咀嚼肌支咀嚼肌支)mastic.mm.咀嚼肌咀嚼肌trigeminal neuralgia 三叉神经痛三叉神经痛 trigeminal nerve block 三叉神经封锁三叉神经封锁鼓索下颌舌骨肌下颌舌骨肌N NZygomatic n.(Zygomatic n.(颧神经颧神经) )颧部皮肤颧部皮肤滑车上神经滑车上神经VII. The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神经三叉神经) GSA, SVEGanglion(三叉神经节三叉神经节). The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神

12、经三叉神经) GSA, SVE. The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神经三叉神经) GSA, SVE. The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神经三叉神经) GSA, SVE maxillary n(上颌神经上颌神经) ophthalmic n(眼神经眼神经) mandibular nerve (下颌下颌n)pons(脑桥脑桥)lacrim n(泪腺泪腺)frontal (额额) nnasociliary(鼻睫鼻睫) n眶上神经眶上神经lacrimal gland(泪腺泪腺)鼻背鼻背, ,腔腔, ,筛窦筛窦, ,眼球眼球额皮额皮infraorbital(眶下眶下) n s

13、up.alveolar(上牙槽上牙槽) n auriculotemporal n buccal (颊颊) nlingual (舌舌) ninf. alveolar n 眼口间皮肤眼口间皮肤上牙上牙,牙龈牙龈颞部皮肤颞部皮肤颊部皮肤颊部皮肤,粘膜粘膜舌前舌前 2/3 普通觉得普通觉得Taste.舌前舌前2/3味觉味觉mental 颏颏n 下唇皮肤下唇皮肤lower teeth下牙下牙,牙龈牙龈masticat. brs(咀嚼肌支咀嚼肌支)mastic.mm.咀嚼肌咀嚼肌trigeminal neuralgia 三叉神经痛三叉神经痛 trigeminal nerve block 三叉神经封锁三叉神

14、经封锁鼓索下颌舌骨肌下颌舌骨肌N NZygomatic n.(Zygomatic n.(颧神经颧神经) )颧部皮肤颧部皮肤滑车上神经滑车上神经VII. The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神经三叉神经) GSA, SVEGanglion(三叉神经节三叉神经节) CN I. The Olfactory Nerve (SVA) olfactory bulb I olfactory filaments (I) olfactory cells CN II. The Optic Nerve (SSA) optic chiasma II ganglionic cells bipolar cell

15、s rod & cone cells CN III. The Oculomotor Nerve (GSE,GVE) superior br. superior rectus, levator palpebrae superioris inferior br. inf. rectus, medial rectus, & inferior oblique CN IV. The Trochlear Nerve (GSE) midbrain IV superior oblique CN V. The Trigeminal Nerve (GSA,GVA,SVE) ganglion 1.

16、ophthalmic n. (V1) lacrimal n. lacrimal gland frontal n. supraorbital n. frontal skin supratrochlear n. frontal skin nasociliary n. nose, eyeball, & ethmoidal sinus Summary of CN I - VI 2. maxillary n. (V2) infraorbital n. skin between eye and mouth zygomatic n. zygomatic skin pterygopalatine n.

17、 nasal cavity, palatine & tonsil superior alveolar n. superior teeth 3 mandibular n. (V3) auriculotemporal n. temporal skin buccal n. buccal skin and mucosa lingual n. anterior 2/3 part of tongue inferior alveolar n. mental n. mental skin inferior teeth, gingiva submandibular ganglion mylohyoid

18、and digastric mm. masticatory branches masticatory mm. CN VI. The Abducent Nerve (GSE) pons VI lateral rectus mSummary of CN I - VIfacial paralysis面神经瘫面神经瘫facial spasm面痉挛面痉挛VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经面神经)SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEpons(脑桥脑桥)延髓沟延髓沟geniculate ganglion(膝神经节膝神经节)VIIVIIstapedius(镫骨肌镫骨肌)taste of an

19、terior 2/3 of tongue(舌前味觉舌前味觉)facial mm.(面肌面肌)Lingualn(舌神经舌神经)tympanic chord (鼓索鼓索)temporal branches (颞支颞支)zygomatic branches (颧支颧支)buccal branches (颊支颊支)marginal mandibul. br(下颌缘下颌缘)cervical branch (颈支颈支)V1 lacrimal nlacrimal glandnasal glands palatine glands(泪泪,鼻腔鼻腔,腭腺腭腺)submandibular gland, subli

20、ngual gland(下颌下腺下颌下腺,舌下腺舌下腺)pterygo-palatinegangliongreater petrosal n(岩大神经岩大神经) 腭腭, ,蝶腭蝶腭N Nstapedial n(镫骨肌神经镫骨肌神经)VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经面神经)SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEfacial paralysis面神经瘫面神经瘫facial spasm面痉挛面痉挛VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经面神经)SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEpons(脑桥脑桥)延髓沟延髓沟geniculate ganglion(膝神经节膝神经节)V

21、IIVIIstapedius(镫骨肌镫骨肌)taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue(舌前味觉舌前味觉)facial mm.(面肌面肌)Lingualn(舌神经舌神经)tympanic chord (鼓索鼓索)temporal branches (颞支颞支)zygomatic branches (颧支颧支)buccal branches (颊支颊支)marginal mandibul. br(下颌缘下颌缘)cervical branch (颈支颈支)V1 lacrimal nlacrimal glandnasal glands palatine glands(泪泪,鼻腔鼻

22、腔,腭腺腭腺)submandibular gland, sublingual gland(下颌下腺下颌下腺,舌下腺舌下腺)pterygo-palatinegangliongreater petrosal n(岩大神经岩大神经) 腭腭, ,蝶腭蝶腭N Nstapedial n(镫骨肌神经镫骨肌神经) VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEfacial paralysis面神经瘫面神经瘫facial spasm面痉挛面痉挛VII. The Facial

23、 Nerve (面神经面神经)SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEpons(脑桥脑桥)延髓沟延髓沟geniculate ganglion(膝神经节膝神经节)VIIVIIstapedius(镫骨肌镫骨肌)taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue(舌前味觉舌前味觉)facial mm.(面肌面肌)Lingualn(舌神经舌神经)tympanic chord (鼓索鼓索)temporal branches (颞支颞支)zygomatic branches (颧支颧支)buccal branches (颊支颊支)marginal mandibul. br(下颌缘下颌缘)cervi

24、cal branch (颈支颈支)V1 lacrimal nlacrimal glandnasal glands palatine glands(泪泪,鼻腔鼻腔,腭腺腭腺)submandibular gland, sublingual gland(下颌下腺下颌下腺,舌下腺舌下腺)pterygo-palatinegangliongreater petrosal n(岩大神经岩大神经) 腭腭, ,蝶腭蝶腭N Nstapedial n(镫骨肌神经镫骨肌神经)VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经面神经) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEVII. The Facial Nerve (

25、面神经面神经) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEmacullae of saccule(椭圆囊椭圆囊) macullae of utricle(球囊球囊) ampullarycrest(壶腹嵴壶腹嵴). The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蜗神经前庭蜗神经) SSAnervous deafness 神经性耳聋神经性耳聋brain stem(脑干脑干)延髓脑桥沟延髓脑桥沟vestibular n.(前庭神经前庭神经)cochlear n.(蜗神经蜗神经)vestibular ganglion(前庭神经节前庭神经节)spiral ganglion(螺旋神经节螺旋神经节

26、)头位置觉头位置觉听觉听觉spiral organs螺旋器螺旋器Int.acous. meatus & pore(内耳道内耳道,内耳门内耳门). The Vestibulocochlear Nerve(前庭蜗神经前庭蜗神经) SSA. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神经舌咽神经) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA IXmedulla oblongata(延髓延髓)sup. ganglioninf. gangliontympanic n(鼓室鼓室N) otic gangparotid gland(腮腺腮腺)carotid sinus branch

27、carotid sinus & glomuslingual br (舌支舌支)post. 1/3 of tongue (tastepharynxstylopharyngeal br (茎突咽肌支茎突咽肌支)stylopharyn.(茎突咽肌茎突咽肌)tonsillar br.(扁桃体支扁桃体支)palantine tonsil(腭扁桃体腭扁桃体)post.auricular br(耳后支耳后支)pharyngeal mm.pharyngeal branch(咽支咽支)post. auricul. skin(耳后皮肤耳后皮肤)& other sensory). The Gloss

28、opharyngeal Nerve(舌咽神经舌咽神经) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA. The Vagus Nerve (迷走神经迷走神经) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSAmedulla oblongataXLsup. ganglioninf. ganglionsup.laryng.n(喉上喉上N) phary.br.(咽支咽支)sup.cerv.card.br.(颈上心支颈上心支)inf.cerv.card.br.(颈下心支颈下心支)rec.laryng. n.(喉返喉返N)inf.laryng.n(喉下喉下N)bronc.br.(支气管支支气管支)esophag.br.

29、(食管支食管支)ant.vagal tr.(前干前干)post.vagal tr.(后干后干)int.br.(内支内支)laryn.mucosa(喉粘膜喉粘膜)cricothyroideus(环甲肌环甲肌)phary.mm(咽肌咽肌) & mucosa(粘膜粘膜)cardiac plexus(心丛心丛)heart mm(心肌心肌)laryng.mm喉肌喉肌& mucosa(粘膜粘膜)esoph.br(食管支食管支)trac. br(气管支气管支)食管腺食管腺,肌肌气管腺气管腺,肌肌 & mucosa(粘膜粘膜)& mucosa(粘膜粘膜)hepat.br.(肝支

30、肝支)ant.gast.br(胃前支胃前支)post.gast.br(胃后支胃后支)celiac br.(腹腔支腹腔支)hepat. plxgast. plxgast. plxceliac plx肝腺肝腺,肌肌senssenssenssens胃腺胃腺,肌肌胃腺胃腺,肌肌肠腺肠腺,肌肌pulmonary plxesoph. plx支气管腺支气管腺,肌肌食管腺食管腺,肌肌& mucosa(粘膜粘膜)& mucosa(粘膜粘膜)sense耳支耳廓耳支耳廓,硬脑膜硬脑膜ext.br.(外支外支)R. The Vagus Nerve (迷走神经迷走神经) XI. The Accessor

31、y Nerve (副神经副神经) SVE Medulla oblongata(脑干脑干)spinal cord(脊髓脊髓)sterno-cleido-mastoideus(胸锁乳突肌胸锁乳突肌) trapezius(斜方肌斜方肌)pharyngeal mm.laryngeal mm(咽喉肌咽喉肌)spinal root(脊根脊根)XIcranial root (颅根颅根XII. The Hypoglossal Nerve (舌下神经舌下神经)GSEmedulla oblongata(延髓延髓)XIIlingual branches(舌支舌支)mm of tongue(舌肌舌肌)descendi

32、ng br(降支降支)ansa cervicalis(颈袢颈袢)infrahyoid mm(舌骨下肌群舌骨下肌群)cervical plexus (颈丛颈丛)hypoglossal canal舌下神经管舌下神经管C1C2C3paralysis of tonguemm. paralysis of tonguemm. 舌肌瘫痪舌肌瘫痪(伸舌时舌歪向患侧伸舌时舌歪向患侧) )Summary of CN VII - XIICN VII. The Facial Nerve (SVE,GVE,SVA,GSA) pons VII geniculate ganglion deep petrosal n. gr

33、eater petrosal n. n. of pterygoid canal pterygopalatine ganglion lacrimal gland 1. stapedial nerve stapedius 2. tympanic chord lingual n. taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue ganglion submandibular & sublingual gland 3. temporal branches frontal muscle, orbicularis oculi 4. zygomatic branches zygomat

34、icus, orbicularis oculi 5. buccal branches buccinator, muscles around the mouth 6. marginal mandibular branch muscles of lower lip 7. cervical branch platysma 8. posterior auricular n. auricular muscles and occipitalis CN VIII. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (SSA) 1. vestibular n. vestibular ganglion m

35、aculae of saccule & utricle, ampullary crest 2. cochlear n. cochlear ganglion spiral organsSummary of CN VII - XIICN IX. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve ) (SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA) superior ganglion parotid gland otic ganglion inferior ganglion tympanic n. tympanic plexus lessor petrosal n 1. carotid sinus branch carotid sinus & carotid glomus 2. lingual branches posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste and other sensory) 3. pharyngeal branch ph