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1、考试题型考试题型lUse of English 完形填空完形填空 10%lReading Comprehension 阅读了解阅读了解 50%l a. 4篇传统阅读文章篇传统阅读文章 40%l b. (多项对应、短答、段落小标题多项对应、短答、段落小标题 10% lTranslation (EC) 英译汉英译汉 15%lWriting 写作写作 25%l Part a: 运用文、摘要运用文、摘要l Part b: 阐明文或议论文阐明文或议论文l总分总分100分分 考试时间考试时间120分钟分钟2019年的战役年的战役Fighting! Fighting!预测预测复习重点复习重点 1. 词汇与语

2、法词汇与语法 (完形填空完形填空 2. 阅读了解阅读了解 3. 写作写作复习次重点复习次重点英译汉英译汉 课程安排n根底语法与大纲词汇搭配、翻译两次课根底语法与大纲词汇搭配、翻译两次课n完型完型 两次课两次课n阅读三次课阅读三次课n作文两次课作文两次课n补充资料:大纲词汇的常用搭配补充资料:大纲词汇的常用搭配 备考指南了解大纲词汇四大类别第一类:熟词 如age, ant, bee, die,and etc.对于这类词,我们只需盖住中文释义,快速阅读过去,看是不是完全掌握了,掌握了的用线划去,不太熟习的做上记号;第二类:熟词生义 大纲中他们又有了新意,如school “学派,book“预定,对于

3、这类词我们一定要高度注重第三类:生词 如:anniversary, homosexual, homogenization, nonetheless等等,做到在文章中出现能认识即可。第四类:中心词这是备考时最重要的词。这类词本身意义较多,附带短语较多,搭配灵敏,在各类场所出现频率较高,并且有许多同义词和反义词,如confine, considerable, apply备考指南n特别留意音形义近辨析的情况。词汇中有很多音形义相近的情况,假设不仔细辨析,往往会呵斥混淆。n如:respectable a.值得尊崇的,有好名声的;respectful a.尊崇他人的,恭敬的;Respective a.单

4、个的,分别的,n 就是一级音形义近词。n掌握词根背单词。词汇:阅读记忆法词汇:阅读记忆法 n能否将一个单词彻底记住,不在于一次将它抄能否将一个单词彻底记住,不在于一次将它抄多少遍,关键在于见到这个词的次数。多少遍,关键在于见到这个词的次数。n词根、前缀、后缀是关键词根、前缀、后缀是关键n联想、组词、归类、对比记忆联想、组词、归类、对比记忆n记单词是个长期的任务,一旦开场就不要停下记单词是个长期的任务,一旦开场就不要停下来,不论遇到什么问题都要按方案进展,不断来,不论遇到什么问题都要按方案进展,不断继续到考前。继续到考前。备考指南“阅读给力,英语给力在复习中要以阅读了解带动其他各项。在阅读过程中

5、根据上下文的逻辑联络来了解词汇的词义;勤查词汇学习手册,把握词的多义性。进展大量阅读操练。在阅读中精读和快读要相互结合。所谓“精读就是阅读时尽力去抓住文章的主题,了解每个段落的中心思想,了解段落与段落之间的逻辑联络,分析作者的观念和得出全文的结沦。如遇不熟习的词语,要勤查词汇学习手册,并适当做点笔记。在此根底上逐渐提高阅读速度,向快速阅读了解过渡。阅读才干的培育非一日之功。学习要持之以恒,坚持不懈。词根 与 单词 vis看 vision television visit visitor visible invisible previse supervisen前缀+词根+(后缀)n im +mo

6、rt+al immortal n ex +port exportn im +port importn trans +port +tion transportationn im +mort+al immortal n im +possible impossiblen ir +regular irregularn in +formal informaln in +capable incapablenil +legal illegalnlogical illogicalnlocal illocalnliterate illiteraten n perfectn passiven personaln

7、comparablen sensiblen artisticn 【谐音秒杀单词】nponderous(胖的要死) 肥胖的nnuance (有一盎司) 细微差别 ngauche (狗屎) 粗鲁的 nsentimental(三个馒头) 多愁善感的n morbid(缺陷) 病态 nputrid (飘臭) 腐烂nsquander (死光的) 浪费 nobtuse(我不吐死) 愚笨nshun (闪) 闪躲nMonday=忙day;Tuesday=求死day;Wednesday=未死day;Thursday=受死day;Friday=福来day;Saturday=潇洒day;Sunday=伤day附录:四

8、级常用后缀 1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor 2)-acy, 表示“性质,形状,境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3)-ance, -ence表示“性质,情况,行为,过程,总量,程度 importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4)-ancy, -ency, 表示“性质,形状,行为,过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5)-bility, 表示“动作,性质,形状 possibility, flexib

9、ility, feasibility, 6)-dom, 表示“等级,领域,形状 freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7)-hood, 表示资历,身份, 年纪,形状 childhood, manhood, falsehood 8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示“行为的过程,结果,情况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 9)-ism, 表示“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism,

10、 heroism 10)-ity, 表示“性质,形状,程度 purity, reality, ability, calamity 11)-ment, 表示“行为,形状,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12)-ness, 表示“性质,形状,程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 13)-ship, 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技艺及身份,职业 hardship, membership, friendship 14)-th, 表示“动作,性质,过程,形状 d

11、epth, wealth, truth, length, growth 15)-tude, 表示“性质,形状,程度 latitude, altitude(海拔) n16)-ure, 表示“行为,结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续), 17-grapy, 表示“学,写法 biography, calligraphy, geography 18)-ic, ics, 表示“学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)-ology, 表示“学论biology, zoology, technolo

12、gy (工艺学) 20)-nomy, 表示“学术 astronomy, economy, bionomy (生态学) 2. 描画词后缀描画词后缀 (1)带有带有“属性,倾向,相关的含义属性,倾向,相关的含义 1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible 2)名词名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish (留意留意accomplish, vanish是动词是动词) 3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive 4)-like, manlike, childlike 5)名词名词-ly, manly, fatherly,

13、 scholarly, motherly n6)-some, troublesome, handsome 7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 9)-ent, violent 10)-most, foremost, topmost (11)less, 表示否认,countless, stainless, wireless n3. 动词后缀动词后缀 1)-ize, ise, 表示表示“做成,变成,做成,变成,化化modernize, mech

14、anize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示表示“使成为,引起,使有使成为,引起,使有 quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示表示“使使化化, 使成使成beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish, 表示表示“使,令使,令 finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate, 表示表示“成为成为,处置,作用,处置,作用 separate, operate, indicate n4. 副词后缀 (描画词)-ly:badbad

15、ly 坏地/恶劣地,carefulcarefully小心地 -wise:clockclockwise(a./adv.) 顺时针方向的(地);likelikewise 同样地 -wards:outoutwards 向外面地,northnorthwards 向北方地 语法:语法: 一定量一定量量变量变n动词动词 - 时态和语态时态和语态n虚拟语气虚拟语气 - 根本公式根本公式 + 特殊句型特殊句型n非谓语动词非谓语动词 - 不定式不定式/动名词动名词/分词分词n复合句复合句 - 名词性从句名词性从句/定语从句定语从句/状语从句状语从句阅读:做题也高兴阅读:做题也高兴 n有了技巧他就笑有了技巧他就笑

16、n如今开场每天如今开场每天1-2篇篇 真题真题n12月中旬开场强化练习月中旬开场强化练习 每天每天3篇篇n寒假寒假 最后冲刺最后冲刺 模拟题模拟题写作:写作:Practice Makes Perfectn11月开场一周月开场一周1篇篇 边查边写边积累边查边写边积累n12月中旬开场一周月中旬开场一周2篇篇n 限时限时35mins内内 独立完成独立完成n 完形填空完形填空&英译汉英译汉n预备于无形预备于无形n完形填空的考点:完形填空的考点:n 词组搭配词组搭配6题题n 同义辨析同义辨析 5题题n 上下文的逻辑关系上下文的逻辑关系9题题完形填空完形填空&英译汉英译汉n完型填空短语词序

17、就是词或句子成分在句子中的陈列顺序。1)主语的位置 在陈说句根本构造的最前面。如: We help each other. 2) 谓语动词的位置 在主语之后。如: We help each other.3) 表语的位置 在连系动词之后。如: Its fine today.今天天气很好。4) 宾语的位置 在及物动词或介词之后。如: We help each other. (及物动词的宾语的位置) There are many trees in this place.这地方有许多. (介词的宾语的位置)5) 定语的位置 单词作定语,普通放在被修饰语的前面,短语和从句作定语那么放在被修饰语的后面。如

18、:5) 定语的位置 单词作定语,普通放在被修饰语的前面,短语和从句作定语那么放在被修饰语的后面。如:The school library has many books on agriculture.(many和on agriculture,都修饰books,many在books的前面,on agriculture那么在它的后面)n6)状语的位置 修饰描画词或副词的状语放在被修饰语之前;修饰动词的状语有的放在动词之前,有的放在动词之后。如动词有宾语,状语普通须放在宾语之后。 nThe Summer Palace is very beautiful.颐和园非常美丽。nI know him well

19、.我非常了解他。nThe students often go on a picnic.这些学生经常出去野餐。nWe take exercise every day.我们每天都运动。词1、不定冠词a,ana) a用在辅音之前,an用在元音之前。如:a notebook一个笔记本,a cigarette一支香烟,an old man一位老人,an English class一堂英语课。_ useful book_ university_ hour_ honest personn字母u读作ju:时,由于第一个音j是辅音,故前面用a,不用an。如:a useful book一本有用的书,a unive

20、rsity一所大学。n字母h如不发音,第一个音又是元音,前面用an而不用a,如an hour 一小时,an honest person一个老实的人。2. 复合不定代词复合不定代词 由由some,any,no,every加上加上-body,-one,-thing构构成的不定代词,叫做复合不定代词。成的不定代词,叫做复合不定代词。a) somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody 无一人无一人no one, nothing, everybody, everyone, everything2) 复合不定代词的用法复合不

21、定代词的用法a) 复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句中用作主语、宾语和表复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句中用作主语、宾语和表语。如:语。如: Everything is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构任何东西都是元素构成的。成的。(作主语作主语) I have got nothing to say.我没有什么话要说。我没有什么话要说。(作宾语作宾语)b)复合不定代词被描画词所修饰时,描画词须放在它们的后复合不定代词被描画词所修饰时,描画词须放在它们的后面。如:面。如: There is nothing wrong with the lathe.这个车床没有缺这个车床没有缺陷。陷

22、。 Is there anything important in todays newspaper?今今天报纸上有什么重要音讯吗天报纸上有什么重要音讯吗?3. 名词:名词: 数和格数和格 一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面坚持一致。主谓一致指谓语动词与主语必需在人称、坚持一致。主谓一致指谓语动词与主语必需在人称、性、数上坚持一致。性、数上坚持一致。1. 学科称号和疾病称号做主语时,主语与谓语动词的一学科称号和疾病称号做主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致。致。 一些学科称号和疾病称号虽然是复数方式,但其作一些学科称号和疾病称号虽然是复数方式,但其作

23、主语时,谓语动词仍用单数方式。主语时,谓语动词仍用单数方式。 如:如:electronics, mechanics, classics, linguistics, economics, statistics, physics, mathematics.e.g. Quantum mechanics_ (supply) methods for calculating the results of experiments in all those realms. supplies 名词:名词: 数和格数和格2. 集体名词做主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致集体名词做主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致 如集体名词

24、在句中意指整体概念,谓语动词用如集体名词在句中意指整体概念,谓语动词用 单数方式;如在句中意指其详细成员,谓语动单数方式;如在句中意指其详细成员,谓语动 词用复数方式。这些集体名词包括:词用复数方式。这些集体名词包括: army, audience, committee, crowd, family, group, staff, team, public, cabinet, band 等。等。 e.g. 1) The population of the earth is increasing very fast.2) One third of the population here are f

25、armers.名词:名词: 数和格数和格3. 表示书名、报名、剧名、国名等的名词或词组表示书名、报名、剧名、国名等的名词或词组做主语时,不论它在方式上时单数还是复数,做主语时,不论它在方式上时单数还是复数,谓语动词为单数方式。谓语动词为单数方式。 e.g. 1) The adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by the famous American humorist Mark Twain.2) The New York Times is not available here.名词:名词: 数和格数和格4. 单复数同形的名词做主语时,要根据句子

26、意思来单复数同形的名词做主语时,要根据句子意思来确定谓语动词的单复数方式,这些名词有:确定谓语动词的单复数方式,这些名词有: aircraft, deer, fish, sheep, means, species, series, works, crossroads, headquarters 等。等。 e.g. 1) Various means of transport are introduced in this article.2) There are already species of butterflies known in the world today.名词:名词: 数和格数和

27、格5. 做主语的单数名词后有,做主语的单数名词后有,with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, in addition to, accompanied by, rather than, but 等,谓语动词仍用单数方式。等,谓语动词仍用单数方式。 e.g. 1) The teacher, as well as the students likes this novel.2) A scientist, together with his assistants, was sent to help solve the problem.名

28、词:名词: 数和格数和格6. 表示时间、间隔、度量、价值的复数名词做主表示时间、间隔、度量、价值的复数名词做主语时,如被视作一整体时,谓语动词用单数方语时,如被视作一整体时,谓语动词用单数方式。式。 e.g. 1) Ten minutes is all that I can spare for you.2) Six thousand dollars is a large sum of money to her.名词:名词: 数和格数和格7. 普通情况下,普通情况下,and 衔接的两个名词做主语时,衔接的两个名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数方式。但是,当谓语动词用复数方式。但是,当and衔接的两衔接

29、的两个名词意指同一概念时,谓语动词要单数。个名词意指同一概念时,谓语动词要单数。e.g. 1) The teacher and the doctor were good at listening to others.2) The teacher and doctor was very professional.3) War and peace is a constant theme in history.名词:名词: 数和格数和格8. or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also衔接两个名词或代词做主语衔接两个名词或代词做主语时,谓语动词必需和靠它较近的

30、一个名词或代时,谓语动词必需和靠它较近的一个名词或代词获得一致,这就是就近原那么。词获得一致,这就是就近原那么。 e.g. 1) Either I or they are responsible for it.2) Neither your unkind words nor your unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.名词:名词: 数和格数和格8. 1) More than one student _ (goes/go) to graduation school. 2) Many a student _ (goes/go) to gr

31、aduation school. 3) John is the only one of the students who_ (has/have) been to France. 4) John is one of the students who _ (has/have) been to France. 5) John is the best one of the students who _ (has/have) been to France.goesgoeshashavehave描画词n比较级和最高级句型n 比较级:n 主+谓+adj./adv.比较级+than+被比对象n 主+谓+mor

32、e/less+ adj./adv.+than+被比对象n 最高级:n 主+谓+the+adj./adv.最高级+名词)+范围词描画词 superior, inferior, senior, junior 等词后面用to, 而不用than. His strength is superior to mine. My knowledge is inferior to his.描画词nThe more the more 的用法n意思是“越,就越。如:nThe harder you work,the more you (will) learn.他越努力,就越学得多。nThe more you eat,t

33、he fatter you (will) get.他吃得越多,长得越胖。留意not . Any more than或no more.than在下面句子中的用法。如:They cannot finish the work any more than we can. 他们和我们同样不能完成任务。He is no more diligent than I am.他和我同样不勤劳nno less than和not 1ess thann no less than的意思是不亚于,not less than的意思是不少于。试比较:nThere were no less than a thousand peo

34、ple at the meeting.n 到会的有一千人之多。(有到会人多的含义)nThere were not less than one thousand people at the meeting.n 到会的至少有一千人。(没有到会人多或人少的含义)描画词的比较级 宁愿做A 也不愿做B would rather do A than do B: I would rather join you in research work than go on holiday to the seaside. prefer to do A rather than do B I prefer to work

35、 rather than sit idle. would sooner do A than do B He would sooner resign than take part in such dishonest business deals. 阅读中表示作者态度的描画词阅读了解的最后一题经常提问在作者对文章中某一问题的态度Attitude、全文的基调Tone的判别等。普通来说,在阐明文中作者的态度是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在议论文中,作者的观念才会显得多种多样,常出现的选项有: 1 positive积极的2 negative消极的3 neutral中立的4

36、approval赞成的5 disapproval不赞成的 6 indifferent漠不关怀的7 sarcastic挖苦的8 critical批判的9 optimistic乐观的10 pessimistic悲观的n对于选项而言, 要分清选项中的贬义词、 中性词和贬义词, 以此对照全文。 1 表示贬义的词普通有: n positive 赞成的; supporting 支持的;n praising 赞扬的;optimistic 乐观的;n admiring 羡慕的; interesting 有趣的 humorous 幽默的; serious 严肃的 nenthusiastic 热情的 pleasa

37、nt 愉快的;nconcerned 关切的 n 2. 表示中性的词普通有: uninterested不感兴趣的; impassive不动感情的 indifferent不关怀的 ; neutral中立的 nsubjective客观的 objective客观的 informative提供信息的; impartial不偏袒的 apathetic漠不关怀的 impersonal不带个人感情的 n3 表示贬义的词普通有: disgusted 厌恶的 ; critical批判的;n negative否认的; suspicious疑心的; nworried担忧的; pessimistic悲观的; n dep

38、ressed沮丧的; disappointed绝望的 n ironic挖苦的; sarcastic挖苦的; ncynical玩世不恭的; sentimental 感伤的 ;nemotional激动的; angry气愤的n4 另外, 对于文体鉴别的词有: formal正式的; informal非正式的; casual随意的 . 此类问题的几种提问方式:(1)Whats the writers attitude to ?(2)Whats the tone of the passage?(3)The authors view is _(4)The writers attitude of .this

39、passage is apparently _(5)The author suggests that _(6)According to author _有文章中,作者观念明确,文章基调清楚,而有的文章中,作者仅仅暗示对某一问题的态度和观念,需求阅读时仔细琢磨。解答这类问题时,首先应请留意篇章中起衔接手段作用的那些词语;其次应留意有些阐明作者观念词汇,如描画词、动词等。衔接词n书面表达中常用的衔接词 n1表选择关系或对等关系的衔接词:eitheror, neithernor, or, as well as, and, bothand. n2表因果关系的衔接词:therefore, so, as

40、a result, as the result of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to等。 n3表时间顺序的衔接词:the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first time, the minute. n4表转机关系的衔接词:yet, and yet, but, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at

41、 the same time然而等。 衔接词n书面表达中常用的衔接词 n5表解释阐明的衔接词:that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for example, for instance, and so on, etc, and the like, and what not等。n n6表递进关系的衔接词:not onlybut (also), whats more, whats worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。 n7表总结的衔接词:in a w

42、ord, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等 1表示添加的过渡词:also,and,and then,too,in addition,furthermore,moreover,again,on top of that,another,first,secondthird等。 2表示时间顺序的过渡词:now,then,before,after,afterwards,earlier,lat-r,immediately,soon,next,in a few days,gradually,suddenly,final

43、ly等。 3表示空间顺序的过渡词:nearto,farfrom,in front of,behind,beside,beyond,above,below,to the right/left,around,outside等。 4表示比较的过渡词:in the sameway,just like,just as等。 5表示对照的过渡词:but,still,yet,however,on the other hand,on the contrary,in spite of,even though等。 6表示结 果 和 原 因 的 过 渡 词:because,since,so,as a result,t

44、herefore,hen,thus,otherwise等。 7表示目的的过渡词:for this reason,for this purpose,so that等。 8表示强调的过渡词:in fact,indeed,surely,necessarily,certainly,with out any doubt,truly,to repeat,above all, most important等。 9表示解释阐明的过渡词:for example,in fact,for instance, in this case, actually, in fact等。 10表示总结的过渡词:finally,a

45、t last,in conclusion,as I have shown,in other words,in brief,in short,in general,on the whole,as has been stated等。衔接词例句n中美两国的言语差别很大,而且,两国人在相互了解上有很大困难。n n中美两国的言语差别很大,因此,两国人在相互了解上有很大困难。n中美两国的言语差别很大,但是,两国人在相互了解上有很大困难。n n虽然中美两国的言语差别很大,大多数时候,两国人在相互了解上没有很大困难。 n中美两国的言语差别很大,虽然如此,大多数时候,两国人在相互了解上没有很大困难。 衔接词例句

46、nHowever, most of the time, people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.虽然如此,大多数时候,两国人在相互了解上没有困难。 nhowever adv. in spite of this, nevertheless虽然如此,可是,依然。 n留意however作副词时可以放在句首、句中或句尾,但要用逗号隔开。例如: nShe waited, however, for no answer.然而她没有等来回答。 衔接词例句The students t

47、hought they had done everything as the teacher did. They were mistaken,however.学生们以为他们按教师做的那样做了每件事,然而他们错了。 留意however 的语气比but强,与 but不同的地方还有它可放句首、句中或句尾,而且留意要用逗号however在句首,点在它后面;在句尾,点在它前面;在句中逗号要在however前后各用一个。therefore虽然可以表示“因此,所以的意思,但在英语中是副词,而不是连词,因此不能单独用来衔接两个独立句,而必需添加and等连词,或另起一句。动词:及物动词和不及物动词n1)动词 +

48、 介词 这类短语动词用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。如:nThe small boy insisted on going with his parents.那男孩坚持要跟父母一同去。nWe stand for self-reliance.我们是主张自力更生的。 n这一类的短语动词还有很多,如depend on (upon)(依托),wait on (伺候),look for (寻觅),deal with(对待),look after(照料),wait for(等待)等。n连系动词 n连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。n英语连系动词有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看来),keep(坚持

49、),become(变成),get (变得),grow(变得),feel(感到),turn(变得,变成),appear(显得),remain(仍旧是)等。 nThe tape recorder seems all right.这台录音机好似没有缺陷。nLater he became a doctor.他后来成为一名医生。nThe problem remained unsolved until last year.问题到去年才处理。 nThe new text seems to be easy,but actually it is rather difficult. nShe appears to

50、 be the girls sister.nThere seems to be another meeting this afternoon.2) 动词+副词 这类短语动词有的用作及物动词,有的用作不及物动词。如:I always get up as soon as the bell rings. 我总是一打铃就起床。(不及物)Look out,theres a car coming! 留意,来汽车了! (不及物)Have you handed in your exercises already? 他曾经交练习了吗? (及物)Please dont forget to put on your

51、coat;its cold outside.请不要忘记穿外衣,外面很冷。(及物)n这一类的短语动词还有很多,及物如 put out (扑灭), eat up (吃光),putdown(放下);不及物如set off (出发),come up(走近),go on(继续)。n动词的根本方式n1) 英语动词的四种根本方式 它们是动词原形过去式 , 过去分词 、和如今分词这四种方式和助动词一同构成动词的时态、语态和语气。n原形 过去式 过去分词 如今分词nwork worked worked workingnwrite wrote written writingnhave had had having

52、ndo did done doing时态:n普通如今时普通如今时:经常性,反复性的动作,如今的形状经常性,反复性的动作,如今的形状n 主主+be 或或V (主语为单三主语为单三V+s/es)n My father is retired now. He gets up early. n如今进展时如今进展时:如今正在发生的动作如今正在发生的动作 主主+be +Vingn Turn off the radio. Jane is studying.n如今完成时:对如今来说曾经发生的事,没有过去时间:如今完成时:对如今来说曾经发生的事,没有过去时间:n 主主+have/has +V 过去分词过去分词n完

53、成进展时:从过去某时起不断继续的动作,也许刚停顿,也完成进展时:从过去某时起不断继续的动作,也许刚停顿,也许还在进展。许还在进展。n 主主+have/has been doingn I have been waiting for you for an hour.n Shes been working all morning.n普通未来时:还未发生的事。主+will don The concert will start in a minute.nbe about + 动词不定式表示即将发生的动作。如:nThe English evening is about to begin. nWe are

54、about to leave,so there is no time to visit him now. nbe + 动词不定式表示安排或方案好了的动作等,如:nThe boys are to go to school next week. nHe and I are to meet at the Shanghai Railway Station.n Im to be home before midnight.n未来完成时:在未来一个时间前曾经完成的动作: 主+will have donen Call us after 8oclock. We will have finished dinner

55、 by then.n普经过去时:过去某一时间发生的事普经过去时:过去某一时间发生的事n 主主+be/V 的过去式:的过去式:n He was young at the time.n Betty called me this morning.n Mr. Higgins used to have a big house in downtown.黑根斯先生在市区曾经有座大房黑根斯先生在市区曾经有座大房子。子。n过去完成时:在过去一个时间前曾经完成的动过去完成时:在过去一个时间前曾经完成的动作:作:n 主主+had donen When I got to the station, the train

56、had left.n过去进展时的方式过去进展时的方式n 过去进展时由过去进展时由was(第一、三人称单数第一、三人称单数)或或were (其他各人称和数其他各人称和数)加如今分词所构成。加如今分词所构成。nShe was reading an English magazine when I came in.nIt was getting dark. They were working all day yesterday. nWe were cleaning the auditorium from 7 to 9 last night.n过去完成进展时n1)过去完成进展时的方式一概为had bee

57、n + 如今分词,无人称和数的区别。nHe told me that he had been waiting for me for two hours.他对我说他等了我两小时。nThe baby had been crying for fifteen minutes when her mother came in. 妈妈进来时,婴儿不断哭了十五分钟。nIt seemed to her that the boys had been shouting for a long time.她似乎觉得这些男孩不断叫喊了很久。n过去未来进展时的用法n它的方式由should(第一人称)或Would(第二、三人

58、称)加be doing sth.nHe asked me what I should be doing at ten the next day. nThey said that they would be expecting us the next week. nHe said he could not come because he would be haying a meeting.n过去未来完成时表示在过去未来某一时间以前曾经完成的动作。它的方式由should(第一人称)或Would(第二、三人称)加have再加过去分词构成。n 用法举例:nHe said he would have p

59、aid me back the money by the end of the week. nWe told him that we should have returned to the camp by four oclock.nI hoped she would have finished the work before I got back.n主句中的谓语动词如为过去时态时, 从句中的谓语动词普通须用过去时态。这又可分为下面三种情况:n1) He told me he was unwell.n She said her brother was reading a magazine at

60、the moment. n2) 假设从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前,从句须用过去完成时。如:n He said he had posted the letter. n Our teacher told us he had been to lndia. n3) 假设从句的谓语动词所表示的动作在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之后,从句的谓语动词须用过去未来时态。如:nThey did not know when they would go to the Great Wall. n注主句的谓语动词如是过去时态,还须留意下面两种特殊情况:n1)从句所阐明的假设是普通真理或客观现实,那么仍用

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