初中定语从句讲解练习及答案

1、一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用的表示。主要由形容词担任，止匕外，名回，及社，教也，分回，副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1）Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2） Youmustdoeverythi

2、ngthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who（宾格who,所有格whose邢关系副词where,whenwhy关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1 .who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2 .whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略

3、。(1) Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略,(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3 .which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2) Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4 .that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。在宾语

4、从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。5 5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.在句子中做主语)6 6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2) Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=

5、Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注：that用法(1)不用that的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.(b)介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwe

6、getourfoodfrom.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在therebe句型中，只用that,不用which。(b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that,不用which(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。先行词指物，在主句中作表语时.(g)为了避免重复.(h)先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略(

7、i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时举例：Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhe

8、re=in/at/on/.which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭酉己)1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。(1) ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2) ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1) IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2) Thetimewhenwegottogetherf

9、inallycame.that引导注表示时间“time词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrush。etc每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，

10、肥皂，牙刷等，很多。3. why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2) Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2) Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：

11、1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2)that前不能有介词。3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforw

12、hichhecamelate.15练习（一）请分析一下定语从句：（请划出定语从句，并标出先行词）1. CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2. AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3. Youcouldntundstearndpeoplewhotalkedfast.4. Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.5. Theysaidsomethingyoudidntlike.6. Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?8. He

13、wouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.9. MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.10. Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?12. Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13. Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.14. Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknow

14、doingthis,youcanaskthem.15. AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1. Thisisthemanwantstoseeyou.2. ThestudentansweredthequestionisZhangHua.3. Themanyouwenttoseehascome.4. ThemanImetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5. Thewomanyousawisourgeographyteacher.6. Therunneryouareaskingabou

15、tisoverthere.7. ThepersonyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8. Themanwaspassingbysawwhathappened.9. Hereisthepenyoulostthedaybeforeyesterday.10. Thesebooksyoulentmewereveryuseful.11. ThestorybookIhavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12. Aclockisamachinetellspeoplethetime.13. ThisisshirtIboughtyesterday.14. Ad

16、ictionaryisabookgivesthemeaningtotheword.15. Thebookisonthetableismine.16. Thefilmtheyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17. IwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplacesIhaveevervisited.18. IsthereanyonefamilyisinBeijing?19. Showmetheboymotherisawell-knownsinger.20. TheboyfatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、单项

17、选择21. )1.YourteacherofChineseisayoungladycomesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose22. )2.Whatsthenameoftheprogram.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterestedyoutoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything()4.He

18、wastheonlypersoninhisofficewasinvited.A. whomB. whoseC. thatD. which()5.Thisisthemuseumwevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherallhadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()7.Doyouknowthestudent?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk()8.Iliket

19、hehousewindowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.whosC.it'sD.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary?A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.TheyoungwomanIspokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that练习（二）1. Donttalkaboutsuchthingsofyouarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.thoset be found.5. Thewo

20、lveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldnA.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat6. Thefreezingpointisthetemperaturewaterchangesintoice.A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat7. Thisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts.A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved8. Thereasonis

21、heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether9. Illtellyouhetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which10. Thattree,branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich11. Ihaveboughtthesamedresssheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what12. Hefailedintheexamination,madehisf

22、atherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what13. Weretalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that14. ThegirlanEnglishsonginthenextroomisTomssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging15. Thosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.

23、whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn16. Anyonethisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst17. Didntyouseetheman?A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnowC.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow18. Canyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD

24、.youtalkedabout19. Isthereanythingtoyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs20. “Howdoyoulikethebook?”“ItsquitedifferentfromIreadlastmonth.”A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat21. Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexceptwhohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers22. Thetrainshewastravellingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat23. Hehaslostthekeytot