AWL(academic-word-list)学术词汇表—雅思-托福

1、IELTS,TOEFL 考试必备之 AWLIn troductio nTheAcademicWordListwasdevelopedbPAverilCoGheadasherMAthesisattheSchoolofLin guist icsandAppliedLa nguageStudiesatVictoriaUniversitPofWellingt on ,NewZeala nd.Thelistcon tai n s570wordfamilieswhichwereselectedaccordi ngtopri nciplesoutlin edbelow.Thelistdoes noti n

2、clu dewordsthatarei n themostfreque n t20PPwordsofEn glish.TheAWLwasprimarilPmadesothatitco uldbeusedbPteachersaspartofaprogrammepreparin glearnersfortertiarPlevelstudPorusedbPstud en tsworki n galo n etolearnthewordsmostn eededtostudPattertiarPi n stitutio n s.TheAcademicWord ListreplacestheU ni ve

3、rsitPWordList.SublistsoftheAcademicWordListEachwordi n italicsisthemostfreque n tIPoccurri n gmemberofthewordfamilPin theAcademicCorp us.ForeGamplea n alPsisisthemostcom monformofthewordfamilPa nalPse.Britisha n dAmerica n spelli n gisi n cludedinthewordfamilies.socon teGtualisea ndcon teGtualizeare

4、bothi ncludedi nthefa milPco nteGtSublist1co ntai n sthemostcom mon wordsi n theAWL.Sublist2c on tai n sthe n eGtmostcom mon words,a n dso on .Thereare60familiesi n eachsublist,eGceptforsublist10whichhas30.Sublist1oftheAcademicWordListan alPseareas assessavailabilitP unan alPsed anassessableavailabl

5、e ben efitalPser an alPsers anassessedben eficialalPses an alPs ingassesses assessben eficiarP benan alPsis an alPst aning assessme nteficiaries ben efitedalPsts an alPtic anassessme ntsben efiti ng ben efitsalPtical an alPticallPreassesscon ceptan alPze an alPzedreassessedcon cepti onan alPzes an a

6、lPzreassess ingcon cepts coning approachreassessme ntceptualapproachableunassessedcon ceptualisatiapproachedassume assumedon con ceptualise conapproachesassumes assuceptualised conapproachi ng unming assumpti onceptualises conapproachable areaassumpti onsceptualis ing conauthoritPceptuallP con sista

7、uthoritativecon sisted conauthoritiessiste ncP conavailablesiste ntcon siste n tIP consist ing con sists inconsiste n cies incon sistencP incon siste nt constitutecon stitue n ciescon stitue ncP constitue nt con stitue ntscon stituted con stitutescon stitut ing con stitution con stituti ons constitu

8、ti onal con stitutio nallP con stitutive unconstituti onal con teGtcon teGts conteGtual con teGtualisecon teGtualised conteGtualisi ng unconteGtualised conteGtualize conteGtualized conteGtualizi ng unconteGtualized con tractcon tracted contract ing con tractor contractors con tractscreatecreated cre

9、atescreat ing creati oncreati ons creativecreativelPecono micallPecono mics econo miesecono mist econo mistsunecono mical en vironmenten vir onmen talen viro nmen enviro nmen en vir onmenen vir onmentsestablishdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishi ngdisestablishmeestablished establis

10、hesestablishi ngestablishme ntestablishme ntsestimateestimatedestimates estimat ingestimati on estimati onsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimati ng underestimate underestimated underestimates underestimat evide ntevide n eedevide nee evide ntial evide ntIP eGporteGportedcre

11、ativitPeGporterin comesissueeGportersin dicateissuedeGport ingin dicatedissueseGportsin dicatesissui ngfactorin dicat inglabourfactoredin dicati onlaborfactori ngin dicatio nslaboredfactorsin dicativelaborsfinancein dicatorlabouredfinan cedin dicatorslabouri ngfinan cesin dividuallaboursfinan cialin

12、 dividualisedlegalfinan ciallPin dividualitPillegalfinan cierin dividualismillegalitPfinan ciersin dividualistillegallPfinancingin dividualistslegalitPformulain dividualisticlegallPformulaein dividuallPlegislateformulasin dividualslegislatedformulatein terpretlegislatesformulatedin terpretatio nlegi

13、slati ngformulati ngin terpretatio nslegislatio nformulatio nin terpretativelegislativeformulati onsin terpretedlegislatorreformulatein terpret inglegislatorsreformulatedin terpretivelegislaturereformulati ngin terpretsmajorreformulati onmisi n terpretmajoritiesreformulatio nsmisi n terpretati onmaj

14、oritPfun cti onmisi n terpretati onsmethodfun cti onalmisi n terpretedmethodicalfun ctio n allPmisin terpret ingmethodologicafun cti onedmisi n terpretsmethodologiesfun cti oningrein terpretmethodologPfun cti onsrein terpretedmethodside ntifPrein terpretsoccuride n tifiablerei n terpret ingoccurredi

15、de n tificati onrei n terpretatio noccurre neeide n tifiedrei n terpretati onsoccurre n ceside n tifiesinvo Iveoccurri ngide n tifP inginvo Ivedoccurside n titiesinvo Iveme ntreoccuride ntitPinvo Ivesreoccurreduniden tifiableinv olvi ngreoccurri ngin comeuninvo Ivedreoccursperce ntpercentagepercenta

16、gesperiodperiodic periodical periodicalsperiodicals periods policPpolicies prin cipleprin cipled prin ciples unprincipledproceedproceduralprocedure procedures proceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocesses process ing requirerequiredrequirementrequireme nts requires requiri ngresear

17、chresearchedresearcherresearchers researches researching resp ondresp on ded resp ondent respondentsresp onding respstructuri ngonds resp onse respunon ses resp on sivestructuredresp on sive ness untheorPresp on sive roletheoreticalroles sect iontheoreticallsect ioned sect ioningP theoriestheoristth

18、eoristssect ionsvarP invsectorariable invsectors sigariablPnifica ntvariabilitP in sig nificavariablent in sig nificavariablesntIP sig ni fica neevariablPsig ni fica ntlP sigvaria neeni fied sig ni fiesvaria ntsig nifP sig nifPvaria ntsing similarvariati ondissimilarvariati onssimilaritiesvariedsimi

19、laritPvaries varPingsimilarlP sourcesourcedsources sourcing specificspecificallPspecificati onspecificati onsspecificitPspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuri ngstructuralstructurallPstructuredstructuresSublist2oftheAcademicWordListassistsclusivelPachieveun assistedincon cl

20、usiveachievable achievedcategorPinconachieveme nt achieveme ntsachievescategoriesclusivelP con ductcategorisati oncon ducted concategoriseduct ing con ductsachiev ingcategorisedcon seque ntacquirecategorisesconsequeneeacquiredcategoris ingconsequences conacquires acquiri ngcategorizati onseque ntIP

21、conacquisiti oncategorizedstructacquisiti ons admicategorizescon structedni stratecategoriz ingcon struct ing conadmi nistrateschapterstruct ion conadmi nistrati onchaptersstruct ions conadmi nistrati onscommissi onstructive conadmi nistrativecommissi onedstructs rec onadmi nistrativelPcommissi oner

22、struct reconadmi nistrator admicommissi onersstructed reconnistrators affectcommissi oningstructi ng reconaffectedcommissi ons communstructio n reconaffecti ngitPstructs con sumeaffectivecom mun itiescon sumedaffectivelPcompleGcon sumer conaffects un affectedcompleGitiessumers con sumesappropriateco

23、mpleGitP computeconsuming conappropriacPcomputati onsumpti on creditappropriatelPcomputati onalcreditedappropriate ness incomputati onscredit ing creditorappropriacP incomputablecreditors creditsappropriate incomputer computedcultureappropriatelPcomputerisedculturalaspectcomputers computiculturallP1

24、aspects assistng con cludecultured culturesassista neecon cluded conun cultured desig nassista ntcludes condesig ned desigassista ntscludi ng conner desig nersassistedclusi on conassisti ngclusi ons con clusivecondesig ningfin alsinv estordesig nsfocusinv estorsdist inctfocusedinv estsdisti n ctio n

25、focusesreinv estdisti n ctio nsfocus ingreinv esteddisti n ctivefocussedreinv est ingdisti n ctivelPfocuss ingreinv estmedist in ctlPrefocusrei nv estsin disti netrefocuseditemin disti n ctlPrefocusesitemisati oneleme ntrefocus ingitemiseeleme ntsrefocusseditemisedequaterefocussesitemisesequatedrefo

26、cuss ingitemisi ngequatesimpactitemsequati ngimpactedjournalequati onimpacti ngjournalsequati onsimpactsmain tai nevaluateinjuremain tai nedevaluatedinjuredmai ntai ningevaluatesinjuresmai n tai nsevaluat inginjuriesmaintenanceevaluati oninjuri ngno rmalevaluati onsinjurPabno rmalevaluativeuni njure

27、dabno rmallPre-evaluatein stituteno rmalisatire-evaluatedin stitutedno rmalisere-evaluatesin stitutesno rmalisedre-evaluat ingin stituti ngno rmalisesre-evaluati onin stitutio nno rmalisi ngfeaturein stituti onalno rmalizatifeaturedin stitutio n aliseno rmalizefeaturesin stitutio n alisedno rmalized

28、featuri ngin stitutio n alisesno rmalizesfinalin stitutio nalis ingno rmalizi ngfin alisein stitutio n alizedno rmalitPfin alisedin stitutio n alizesno rmallPfin alisesin stitutio naliz ingobtai nfin alisi ngin stitutio n allPobta in ablefin alizein stituti onsobta inedfin alizedinv estobta iningfin

29、 alizesinv estedobta insfin alizi nginv esti ngun obta infin alitPinv estme ntpartiaipatefin allPinv estme ntsparticipa ntregulatorsregulatorP unregulated releva ntirreleva neeirreleva nt releva neeresideresided residenee reside nt residential reside nts residesresidi ng resourceresourcedresourceful

30、 resourcesresourci ng unresourceful under-resourced restrictrestricted restricting restrictio n restrictions restrictiverestrictivelP restrictsun restricted unrestrictive securein securein securities insecuritP securedsecurelP securessecuri ng securitiessecuritP seekseek ing seekssought select selec

31、tedselect ing selecti onselecti ons selectiveselectivelP selectorselectors selects sitesites strategP strategicstrategies strategicallPstrategist strategistssurveP survePedsurveP ing survePsteGt teGts teGtualtraditi onnon-traditi onaltraditi onal traditi onalist traditio nallPtraditi ons tran sfertr

32、an sferable transfere nee transferred tran sferring tran sfersparticipa ntsparticipatedparticipatesparticipat ingparticipati onparticipatorPperceiveperceivedperceives perceiving perceptio nperceptio nspositivepositivelPpote ntialpote ntiallPpreviouspreviouslPprimarPprimarilPpurchasepurchasedpurchase

33、rpurchaserspurchasespurchas ingrangeran ged ranges ranging regionregi onalregio nallP regions regulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulat ingderegulati onregulatedregulates regulating regulati onregulatio nsregulatorSublist3ofAcademicWordListalter nativealter nativelPalter natives circumsta neecircumsta

34、 nces comme ntcomme ntaries comme ntarPcomme ntator comme ntatorscomme nted comme ntingcomme nts compe nsatecompe nsated compensatescompe nsat ingcompe nsati oncompe nsati onscompe nsatorP comp onentcomp onentrP comp onentsconsent consensusconsen tedconsenting consents considerablecon siderablPcon s

35、ta ntcon sta ncP con sta ntIP consta nts incon sta ncP inconsta ntIP con strain con strained con strai ning con strains con stra int con strai ntsuncon stra ined con tributecon tributed conng deduct iondeduct ions demon strate demonstrable dem onstrablP dem onstrated dem onstrates dem onstrat ing de

36、monstrati on demonstrati ons dem onstrative dem onstrativelP dem onstrator dem onstrators docume ntdocume ntati ondocume nteddocume ntingdocume nts dominate dominancedominant dominated domin atesdomin at ing dominati on emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasis ingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasiz ing

37、emphaticemphaticallP ensure en sureden sures ensuri ng eGcludeeGcludedeGcludes eGcluding eGclusio neGclusio n arPeGclusio n isteGclusi onseGclusiveeGclusivelPframeworkframeworksfundfun ded funder fun dersfunding fun dsillustrate illustratedillustrates illustrating illustrati onillustrati onsillustra

38、tiveimmigrate immigrant immigra ntsimmigratedimmigratesimmigrat ingimmigratio n implPimplied impliesimplPi ng in itialin itiallP in staneein sta n ces interactin teractedin teractio n interact ions interactive interactivelP interacts justifPjustifiablejustifiablP justification justificati onsjustifi

39、ed justifiesjustifP ing unjustified laPerlaPered laPering laPers li nkli n kage linkages lin ked lin king links locatelocated locating locati on locations relocaterelocated relocatesrelocat ing relocation maGimise maGmaGimisedmaGimisesmaGimisi ngmaGimisati onmaGimizemaGimizedmaGimizesmaGimizi ngmaGimum minormino rities minoritP minors n egaten egativen egated n egatesn egati ng n egativelP negatives outcomeoutcomes part nerpart ners part nership part n ers