高中英语语法大全

1、高中英语语法大全英语的语法一直是一个非常重要的成分，是英语学习汇总必不可少的一个基石，在高中英语的学习中，如果能够掌握一个比较全面熟练的语法知识体系，在后续的英语学习过程中会非常容易并且游刃有余，按照高中英语语法的可构成：名词性从句、It用法及其句型、省略现象、主谓一致、动词不定式、倒装结构、定语从句、被动语态、祈使句、感叹句、疑问句、名词等，给各位同学们整理了一份高中英语语法大全，一起来学习一下吧！ 一：表语从句 二：主语从句 三：宾语从句 四：同位语从句 五：不定式的构成 六： - ing分词的构成一:表语从句 1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导表语

2、从句的关联词的种类：(1)从属连词that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。(2)从属连词whether , as , as if。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：All this was over twenty y

3、ears ago , but its as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。如：It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。(3)连接代词who , whom , whose , what , which , whoever , whatever , where ,whichever 连接副词 。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The

4、question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释：1.连词because可引导表语从句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should)start early

5、tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。二:主语从句1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。2.构成：关联词+简单句3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1)从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词whether。如：Whether hell come here isnt clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3)连接代词who , whom , whose , what , which ,

6、 whoever , whatever , whichever 连接副词where , when , how , why。如：What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。Wherever you are is my home - my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家-我唯一的家。三:宾语从句 1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导宾语从

7、句的关联词有三类： (1)从属连词that。如：He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。 1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。 2.know nothing about him exc

8、ept that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。3.That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.(that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。4.We decided , in view of his special circumstances , that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可

9、省略。)鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。(1)介词宾语从句 宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要说什么。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。有时介词

10、可以省略。如：I dont care (for)who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做这件事的方式。(2)从属连词if/whether。如：I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。I dont know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。(3)连接代词who , whom , whose , what , which , whoever , whatever , whichever 连接副词where , when , how , wh

11、y 。如：Who or what he was , Martin never learned.他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。I wonder what hes writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。Ill tell you why I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。四:同位语从句 1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。 2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact , news , idea , thought , question ，reply

12、，report 等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来? Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。 注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：I have no idea

13、whether hell come or not.我不知道他是否来。连接代词who , which和连接副词where , when , why , how亦可引导同位语从句。The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a question how he did it.那是

14、一个他如何做了此事的问题。五:不定式的构成1.不定式的构成 不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例)：主动式 被动式 一般式to do to be done 完成式to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/1)不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如：They invited us to go there this summer.他们邀请我们今年

15、夏天去那儿。He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一边让我通过。2)不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。如：She seemed to have heard about this matter.她似乎已听说过这件事。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.我很抱歉让你等了这么久。I meant to have told you about it,but I happened to have an important thing to

16、 do.我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。3)不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如：Its nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好，这些天一直帮我们。He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.他假装在认

17、真地听老师讲课。We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.我们没料到你一直在这儿等我们。4)不定式的完成进行式 如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示5)动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。如：Try not to be late again next time.尽量下次不要再迟到。He wished us never to meet her again.他希望我们永远不要再见到她。6)疑问词+动词不定式：不定式和疑问词whether , what , which , whom , where , when , how , why

18、等连用可以在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain,advise,teach,discuss,find out等动词后面作宾语，有时也可以充当主语、表语等。如：On hearing the news , he didnt know whether to laugh or to cry.听到这个消息，他不知道该哭还是该笑。When to hold the meeting has not decided.什么时候开会还没有决定。The most important problem is how to get so much m

19、oney.最重要的事情是如何搞到这么多钱。介词后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。如：Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道该怎么做。六: - ing分词的构成1.不定式的构成 不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例)：主动式 被动式 一般式to do to be done 完成式to have done to have been

20、 done 进行式to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/1)不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如：They invited us to go there this summer.他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一边让我通过。2)不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。如：She seemed to have heard about this matte

21、r.她似乎已听说过这件事。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.我很抱歉让你等了这么久。I meant to have told you about it,but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。3)不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如：Its nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好，这些天一直帮我们。He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.他假装在认真地听老师讲课。We didnt expect y