ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论课件

1、ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Are people who own more than one home selfish?China should restrict private ownership of cars.230Christine231EmilyImpromptu speeches Normal Class 2ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Does an all-star cast enhance or distract a films message?Universities should cut off elect

2、ricity in dormitories at night.127Kenson111Mathias121BennieImpromptu speeches Business Class 1Mistakes are important to learn about life.ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Happiness is not in doing what we like but in liking what we do.Confidence is the first step to success.126Karmen105Wilma106Jane114S

3、araFalse friends are worse than bitter enemies.Explain how a smart person may not be wise.ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Introduction to Debateweek 8ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Basic TermsDebate: a competition in which two opposing teams make speeches to support their arguments and disagree with

4、those of the other team.Resolution: the opinion about which two teams argue.ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Affirmative team: agrees with the resolution.Negative team: disagrees with the resolution.ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Argument: supports your position on the resolution. (add this to your ha

5、ndout)Rebuttal: explains why one team disagrees with the other team.Judges: decide the winner.ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Why study debate?Done correctly, it builds research competence, media literacy, reading comprehension, argument literacy, evidence evaluation, summarization and outlining, pub

6、lic speaking, conflict resolution, civil discussion skills, critical thinking, and note taking. ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Lets look at each one of those: research competence media literacy reading comprehension argument literacy evidence evaluation summarization outlining public speaking confli

7、ct resolution civil discussion skills critical thinking note takingublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Done poorly, debate can be: people yelling at each other students reading from scripts that they didnt writeublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Students need the skills associated with debate first.So, lets

8、look at some skills.ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Critical Thinking in Debate Read the handout. Each student should read one or two sentences and pass the microphone.ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Argumentation Remember ARE An argument is an assertion, reasoning, and evidence. An assertion is a sta

9、tement that something is so. Reasoning is the because part of an argument, and evidence is the for example part, that supports the reasoning. Its used to validate or support the reasoning. ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Opinions and Reasons A resolution is an opinion about which there can be valid d

10、isagreement. Debaters either agree or disagree with the resolution regardless of what they personally believe.ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论 An opinion can be introduced by an opinion indicator: “I think/believe that smoking should be banned in public places”ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论 A reason

11、 explains why that opinion is held and can be introduced by a reason indicator: “because/since secondhand smoke is harmful for nonsmokers.” ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Strong Reasons versus Weak Reasons A strong reason has the following qualities: it logically supports the opinion it is specific

12、and states the idea clearly it is convincing to a majority of peopleublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论weak or strong?Smoking should be banned in public places because: it is bad. it gives people bad breath and makes their teeth yellow. secondhand smoke is harmful for nonsmokers.ublicspeakingandDebate英语

13、公共演讲与辩论With a partner, think of at least one strong reason for each resolution:Women should quit their jobs after they get married.Love is more important than money.It is better to be married than single.Writing by hand is better than writing by computer.ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论 Compare your

14、reason with another pair of students. Decide whose reasons are stronger and why.ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Support consists of evidence. (take notes)There are four kinds of evidence: Example Common Sense Statistics Expert OpinionublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Example from your own experience or

15、from what you heard or read“For example/for instance/let me give an example, whenever I go to a restaurant or bar and there are people smoking near me, I feel that I am breathing their smoke. This makes me a smoker even though I dont want to be.”ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Common Sense things tha

16、t you believe everybody knows.“Everyone knows/ifthen/its common knowledge that secondhand smoke is very unhealthy for nonsmokers.”ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Statistics numbers this comes from research!“Secondhand smoke causes about 250,000 respiratory infections in infants and children every yea

17、r, resulting in about 15,000 hospitalizations each year.”ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Expert Opinion the opinions of experts this comes from research! According to / to quote / the book _ says“According to the Environmental Protection Agency, “secondhand smoke causes approximately 3,000 lung cance

18、r deaths in nonsmokers each year.”ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Generating Resolutions Issues about which people are likely to disagree work best for debate. They can be controversial: the death penalty should be banned or less divisive: love is more important than money.ublicspeakingandDebate英语公共演讲与辩论Brainstorm a list of resolutions Write the resolution as a statement. Choose topics that you are interested in or that are in the news now. Remember that topics about w