专升本英语资料3.名词+冠词

1、编辑ppt编辑ppt编辑ppt名词的分类：名词的分类： 名词名词专有名词专有名词普通名词普通名词个体名词（个体名词（student, pen.)集体名词（集体名词（family ,team , crowd.)物质名词物质名词 (meat, water, cotton. )抽象名词抽象名词 (beauty, life, importance.)可数可数不可数不可数编辑ppt专有名词:指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Years Day注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写编辑ppt普通名词：专有名词以外的名词都是

2、普通名词个体名词个体名词Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西。指作为个体而存在的人或东西。可以指具体的人或物可以指具体的人或物: aunts; a panda; apartments也可指抽象东西也可指抽象东西: a year; fairy tales; a dream编辑ppt集体名词集体名词: 表示由个体组成的集体。表示由个体组成的集体。army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为整

3、体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。His family isnt large.His family are all music lovers.在不少情况下，集体名词后单复数动词都可以用，没什么差别。在不少情况下，集体名词后单复数动词都可以用，没什么差别。The audience was (were) excited by the show.编辑ppt有少数集体名词通常用作单数。有少数集体名词通常用作单数。The gang is being hunted by the police.Our company is sending him to work

4、in Berlin. 个别集体名词则多作复数看待。个别集体名词则多作复数看待。The police are looking for him. 编辑ppt物质名词物质名词: 指无法分为个体的东西。指无法分为个体的东西。 beer; cake; cloth; cotton; detergent; fur; ice; paint; paper; soil一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有一些一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：特殊情况：1)有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份一份”、“一杯一杯”、“一一种种”Two s

5、trong black coffees, please. ( 两份）两份） Three beers, please. (三杯）三杯） It was a special tea. (一种）一种）2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。rains （雨季）（雨季）snows (积雪）积雪）waters(海域海域)（see note paper)编辑ppt抽象名词: 表示一些抽象的概念。表示一些抽象的概念。education; love; policy; trust; nature; fashion; relief; silence; truth多数情

6、况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。Hes learning French for fun.I wish you good luck.有时也可以加冠词。有时也可以加冠词。He works hard for the welfare of the poor. After a brief peace, war broke out again. 编辑ppt有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。glass ( 玻璃玻璃 )copper ( 铜铜 )tin ( 锡锡 )paper ( 纸纸 )iron (铁铁

7、)wood ( 木头木头 )gold (金子金子 )youth (青春青春 )power ( 力量力量 )beauty ( 美美 )pleasure( 愉快愉快 )relation(关系）关系）a glass ( 玻璃杯玻璃杯 )a copper ( 铜币板铜币板 )a tin ( 罐头，听头罐头，听头 )a paper ( 报纸，证件，论文报纸，证件，论文 )an iron (熨斗熨斗 )a wood ( 树林树林 )a gold (金牌金牌 )a youth (年青人年青人 )a power ( 大国大国 )a beauty ( 美人，美的东西美人，美的东西 )a pleasure( 使人

8、感到愉快的事使人感到愉快的事 )a relation(亲戚）亲戚）编辑ppt英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。a poem(一首诗一首诗 )a machine(一台机器一台机器 )a job(一件工作一件工作 )a laugh(一个笑声一个笑声 )a permit(许可证许可证 )a garment (一件衣裳一件衣裳 )a bag(case) (一件行李一件行李 )a loaf (一只面包一只面包 )a hair(一根头发一根头发 )poetry(诗歌总称诗歌总称 )machinery(机器总称机器总称 )work(工作工作 )laughter(

9、笑声笑声 )permission(允许允许 )clothing(衣裳总称衣裳总称 )luggage, baggage(行李行李 )bread(面包面包 )hair( 头发头发)编辑ppt名词复数名词复数情况变法例词一般情况以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词以辅音y结尾的词以辅音+o 结尾的词以f或fe结尾的词加-s加-es去y加-ies多数加-es 把f/fe改成vesbrothers; schoolsbuses; watches; dishesladies; countries;heroes; tomatoeshalves; leaves;编辑pptNotes:*stomachstomachs*

10、以元音以元音+y或以专有名词或以专有名词+y结尾的名词，直接在词尾加结尾的名词，直接在词尾加-s.Eg:boys; toys; Germanys; Henrys*以元音以元音+ovideos; studios以以oo结尾结尾 zoos; bamboos;kangaroos一些外来词一些外来词(特别是音乐方面的词特别是音乐方面的词) pianos一些缩写词一些缩写词 kilos; photos; memos一些专有名词一些专有名词 Eskimos; Filipinos直接在词尾加直接在词尾加-s.*以以f/fe结尾只加结尾只加-s的词：的词：proofs;gulfs; cliffs; roofs

11、;serfs; beliefs;chiefs编辑ppt不规则复数：不规则复数：menwoman women; chairman-chairmeneefoot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese3.+enchild-children; ox-oxenicemouse-mice; louse-lice（虱子）有些外来词的不规则复数形式：Eg: analysis-analyses; basis-bases; thesis-theses; crisis-crisescriterion-criteria; phenomenon-phenomena; medium-media编辑

12、ppt 单复数相同的情况：单复数相同的情况：sheep; deer; means; fish; works; species; Chinese;Japanese以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。Eg: yuan,jiao,fen, jin复合名词的复数形式：复合名词的复数形式：1.词末词末+-s film-goers ; forget-me-nots 2.主体名词变为复数形式：主体名词变为复数形式：lookers-on; editors-in-chief;sons-in-law3.两个组成部分皆变为复数：两个组成部分皆变为复数：women doctors; men cooks* 这种

13、形式这种形式的第一个名词必须是的第一个名词必须是man或或woman编辑ppt 通常用于复数形式的词通常用于复数形式的词scissors剪刀; pants裤子; contents目录compasses两脚规; cords灯心絨裤; arms武器earphones耳机; pyjamas睡衣裤;ashes灰烬scales天平; overalls工装裤; tropics热带spectacles眼镜; braces背带;stairs楼梯nail-clippers指甲刀；slacks便装裤;brains头脑belongings所有物； savings积蓄；tidings消息doings行为；writin

14、gs作品；findings调查结果编辑ppt表示名词的所有关系，翻译为表示名词的所有关系，翻译为“的的”编辑ppt形式形式使用场合及构成方法使用场合及构成方法举例举例加加 s 单数单数a girls bag Jims room不以不以 S 结尾的复数结尾的复数mens room childrens school加加 s以以 S 结尾的复数结尾的复数students bike最后最后加加 s两人共有的一件东西两人共有的一件东西He is Tom and Marys father. (两兄妹同一个父亲)同时同时加加s两人各自的东西两人各自的东西They are Toms and Marys fat

15、her.(两人不同一个父亲)编辑ppt todays work 今天的工作 two weeks holiday 两星期的假期 ten minutes walk 走路十分钟的路程编辑ppt to my aunts 去舅妈家 at the doctors 在诊所编辑ppta map of the worldthe windows of the roomA of B ： “B的A” 编辑ppta friend of my fathersa picture of mine名词名词+of +所有格所有格/名词性物主代词名词性物主代词编辑ppt例例1 1 下列几组复数名词中，每组都有一个错词，请指出：下列

16、几组复数名词中，每组都有一个错词，请指出：1 A.Chinese B. Frenchmen C. Englishmen D. Germen2. A. tomatoes B. photos C. radioes D. potatoes3. A. desks B. Americans C. friends D. breads4. A. stories B. families C. plays D. keies5. A. leaves B. knives C. rooves D. shelves 6. A. clothes B.monthes C. mouths D. fifths编辑ppt1The

17、 two girls are ( Japan ) .2. The ( baby ) are asleep .3. Do you know the two ( man teacher ) ?4. The ( child ) are washing their ( foot ) .5.There are two ( people ) and lots of ( sheep ) in the fields . 6. September 10 is ( teacher ) Day .7. I think physics ( be )more interesting than maths .8. Don

18、t you think the ( radio ) are too noisy ?9. Whose ( knife )are these ?10. “ Whose house is this ?” “ Its the ( Smith )” .Japanesebabiessheeppeoplechildrenfeetmen teachersTeachersisradiosknivesSmiths编辑ppt1.The rich_not always happy. A.are B.is C.have D.has2.In Britain,_are all painted red. A.letter b

19、oxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box3.There are four_and two_in the group. A.Japanese，Germen B.Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，Germans4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_. A.home B.family C.house D.country5.Mother brought me_. A.a good news B.a piece of

20、 news C.many good news D.two news 训练训练AADAB编辑ppt6.March 8th is _Day. A.Womans B.Womens C.Womans D.Women7.We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few, few8.There are three_in our class. A.Zhous B.Zhous C.Zhous D.Zhouss9.Its about ten_walk. A.minu

21、tes B.minutes C.minute D.minutes10.This room is_. A.Bill and Davids B.Bills and Davids C.Bills and Davids D.Bill and David 训练训练(B)(A)(B)(B)(A)编辑ppt11.Beijing is one of the most beautiful_in China. A.city B.cities C.citys D.the cities12.Would you like_? A.some more meat B.any more meat C.many more me

22、at D.more much meat13.What can I do for you, sir? Id like two_. A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks14.Toms car is more beautiful than_. A.his brothers and sister B.his brother and sister C.his brothers and sisters D.his brothers and sisters15.“Nightingal Prize”is

23、for_. A.workers B.scientists C.doctors D.nurses 训练训练BACD D编辑ppt编辑ppt冠词冠词不使用冠词不使用冠词定冠词定冠词不定冠词不定冠词aanthe零冠词零冠词编辑ppt 单数可数名词前一定要用冠词。 复数可数名词、不可数名词两可，意义有别。 固定搭配或名词新意编辑ppt 泛指单一、每一、任一 指类别特指： 上文提到过的事物 被修饰语限定的 说话双方所默认的 世界上独一无二的 1. 指类别 泛指的一些事物 指类别编辑ppt（1）用于抽象名词前：a good understanding of ; a population of ; a hi

24、story of; a collection of ; an area of ; a distance of, a length of（2）用于形容词修饰的“一日三餐”前： a light breakfast; a big dinner; a quick lunch （3）在有或没有形容词修饰的季节、日期前，泛指： The accident happened on a Sunday in July. It was a very cold April.（4）指不具体的任何物： A Mr. called you just now.编辑ppt（5）相当于per “每一” 的意思： His incom

25、e is one thousand yuan a month. (6) 用于有good/great many修饰的名词复数前： He visited the Great Wall a good many times. (7)用于形式为复数，但意义仍为单数的名词前： Reading is a means of learning. (8)用于与动词同型的名词前： Lets have a walk and a talk at the same time. (9) 在and连接的两个名词前，用一个a(n)和用两个意义不同： He went to see a teacher and (a) writer

26、. (10) 与 of 连用， 表示“同一的”、“相同的”： of a kind 同一种; of an age 同岁 ；of a size 大小相同 (11)在固定词组中：编辑ppta few, a little , a lot of, a bitin a hurry , in a wordhave a good timedo sb. a favoras a rulehave a word with sb.make a livingtake a bath have a cold (fever, headache)many a student 编辑ppt（1）世界上独一无二的天体、河流、海洋、湖

27、泊、山川等与地理知识有关的名词前使用the : As we know, the earth moves around the sun.The Pacific Ocean is the largest in the world. (2) 发明的事物名称前或或濒临灭绝的动物单数名词前Bell is generally considered to have invented the telephone. The tiger is in danger of dying out.(3) 在介词by后表示“由来计算”之意：In England cloth is sold by the yard inste

28、ad of by the metre. Cleaning women get paid by the hour.编辑ppt(4) 在比较级中，强调两者之间的比较且作主语、定语时The older of the two brothers is my deskmate.Which is the bigger country, Canada or China? (5) 表示某个国家的形容词前加the 则表示该国人：the Chinese; the French; the Irish; the Dutch(6) 某些形容词前加定冠词the 表示一类人：the homeless; the young;

29、the poor; the blind; the old 编辑ppt(7) 在形容词最高级、序数词、only、same、 very前面Who picked the most apples?This is the very thing I am looking for?It must be the only way to save her.(8) 在多数的饭店、电影院、博物馆、美术馆等的名称前：the Hilton Hotel; the Palace Museum; the Pentagon (9)在含有普通名词的专有名词前，机关、团体、党派、国家等： the United Kingdom; t

30、he Philippines; the U.S.(10) 在乐器名称前用定冠词the: She plays the piano/violin very well.编辑ppt(11) 在姓氏的复数形式前加the 表示“一家人”： the Blacks; the Lis; the Bushes(12) 在某些大家都熟悉的事物名称前： The wind is blowing strongly. They are talking about the weather. I like to go to the seaside or go to the cinema.(13) 在固定搭配的短语中： in t

31、he end; come to the point; on the contrary; in the morning; in the distance; on the air; out of the question; in the middle of ; on the other hand; 编辑ppt(1) 三餐、球类运动和娱乐名词前一般不用冠词：What do you have for breakfast? play football/basketball/chess/cards (2) 节日、星期、月份、日期和季节前一般不用冠词。如用，则表示特指： Lets go to the par

32、k on Sunday. She is leaving on July 3. New Years Day; Fathers Day (3) 在学科、语言、称呼及大部分疾病名称前： I think math is more difficult than physics. He died of cancer.编辑ppt(4)表示“头衔”的名词用作宾语补足语和主语补足语时We elected him monitor of us.(5) 在turn, go（当“变成”解） 后的名词用作表语时，不带冠词： He was a worker before he turned writer. He has g

33、one socialist. (6) 在as, though倒装分句中，名词不用冠词： Child as Tom is, you cant fool him.(7)在某些独立（主格）结构中的名词前： He sat in a chair, pipe in mouth. Book in hand, I entered the room.编辑ppt(8) 当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省略冠词：The earth turns from (the) east to (the) west. When () father and () son appeared, we all go up to greet

34、 them.(9) 在一些含有两个并列名词的短语中： day after day ; step by step; with knife and fork; from head to foot; shoulder to shoulder; arm in arm(10)在by短语中表示方式时： by bike=on a bike; by plane; by car; by telephone(11) 在纯专有名词前：(洲名、城市、街道、港口、机场、车站、公园等的名称）Asia; Mary; Beihai Park; Beijing University;编辑ppt(12) 在固定短语中：at night; at home; at first; go to church; in prison; in danger; on board; on purpose; in space; in history; in nature; in society编辑ppt1. The book on the desk is _ useful one.A. an B. a C. / 2. There is _ underground shopping center over there.A. a B.