初中英语动词不定式用法梳理

1、初中英语动词不定式用法梳理动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。现对九年级动词不定式的用法作一次简要梳理。一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：1.As

2、 young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge. (p.8)2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. (p.16)3.How to make requests politely is important.(p.93)二、用作表语动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club

3、. (p.7)2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. (p.96)三、用作宾语1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. (p.88)2)He prefers

4、 to eat white bread and rice.(p.50)3)Id love to visit Mexico.(p.53)2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介词结构on.可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?(p.92)2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. (p.32)3.动词feel, find, make,

5、think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. (p.98)4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：1)Then I started

6、 to watch English-language TV.(p.6)2)Im beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. (p.116)begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。3)I like to eat vegetables. (p.118) 感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。sto

7、p to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如：1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.(p.107)2)I stopped using them last year. (p.121) 3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：He is doing his homework.(

8、名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词)She wants to go home.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(动名词)【注意】有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball，will you？(间宾直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如：Han Chen lent some money to

9、Li Hai.(直宾间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾间宾)有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：I hope to see you again.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：Do you mind my opening the window？ 有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。a)for

10、get to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如： Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下 原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。) The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来

11、时学生们停止谈话。)4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：What a beautiful kite it is！(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)There are two students in the classroom.(数词)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。 5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，

12、一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：Thank you very much.(副词)I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如： He is old enough to go to school. 6.表语：用于说明主语的

13、身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：They are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.(数词)The story is very interesting.(形容词)M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词) She is at home.(介词短语) I feel terrible.(形容词)The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词