5,乳清粉质量索赔的谈判

1、乳清粉质量索赔的谈判卖方背景：荷兰飞利饲料公司（以下简称飞利公司）系饲料的专业生产企业，尤其是精饲料及饲料添加剂产量较大，在荷兰本土及欧洲市场占有一席之地。亚洲市场是其市场开拓的目标之一。几年前即也在北京开设了办事处，积极与中国的代理商及最终用户进行接触。几年来，由于其代表处的不懈努力，逐渐将其精饲料与饲料添加剂挤入中国市场。与北京世纪通进出口公司的乳清粉业务是当年市场开拓的重要成果之一。其驻京代表处和荷兰总部均予以高度重视。买方背景：北京世纪通进出口公司（以下简称世纪通公司）系综合性进出口公司，其母公司系大型的跨国企业集团，在国内外市场均有一定的信誉。该公司与农牧业联系较多，为农牧业进口的精

2、制饲料量较大。尤其乳猪饲养的乳清粉，世纪通公司从欧洲采购较多，国内的用户对其采购的乳清粉质量反映很好。该项业务也成了该公司的一项重要的长线业务。产 品：乳清粉分食品与饲料两类。食品级的乳清粉主要用作冰激凌的原料。其酸度、细菌、灰份等指标要求很严格。饲料级的乳清粉，主要作为饲养乳猪的精饲料。为了加工需要，从其包装运输要求上必须使其保持粉状。客户关系：买方世纪通公司与卖方荷兰飞利饲料公司系先从第三者处知道对方的经营实力、彼此互有敬重与信用。后经飞利公司在北京代表处的努力，终于成交了第一批业务。虽然第一次做生意，但决心均很大，在一个月中就签订两份总计数量为400吨，18万美元的饲料级乳清粉合同，可以

3、表明双方渴望在中国市场把该项业务做大。索赔事由：买卖双方6月已签了两个合同，共400吨乳清粉。买方于当月开出两份信用证。信用证条款要求，卖方第一批200吨乳清粉，最晚于7月15日前从荷兰鹿特丹港发运，第二批200吨货，最晚于8月31日前发运。第一批货200吨（9万美元）于8月中旬到中国天津港，买方向开证行承兑后取得了单据并办理了接货手续，但当打开货柜时发现部分货物已结块。买方立即与船公司联系，排除了船仓进水的可能性及保险公司责任后，认为是货物质量问题，并就此问题向卖方交涉。买方谈判目标：买方要依照国际惯例，就合同违约向出口方索取合理赔偿。在第一批货已接收且信用证已承兑的情况下，要处理好乳清粉结

4、块的质量损失问题，争取换货或降价收进。由于夏季雨水多，结块现象会加重，应争取尽快结束谈判。卖方谈判目标：卖方在确认质量与责任的前提下，适当降价或以换货的方式给予进口方补偿。由于中国北方夏季雨水亦多，结块现象会加重，应尽快结束谈判，确保第二个合同的继续履行。谈判地点、时间： 中国北京，某年8月。要求模拟：谈判组织（人员调配及分工安排），谈判方案的准备，谈判主持及展开。Negotiation on the Claim due to Whey Powder Quality ProblemThe sellers background: Holland Filly Feedstuff Co., Ltd

5、(hereinafter referred to as “Filly”) is a professional feedstuff manufacturer that produces extractive feedstuff and addictive at large scale and takes up a remarkable market share in the domestic market and the European market. The Asian market is one of its target markets. Several years ago, it es

6、tablished office in Beijing, which actively contacts the agents and end users in China. For years, due to the continuous efforts of this office, it has taken up a certain market share with its extractive feedstuff and addictive. The whey powder business with Beijing Shijitong Import and Export Co.,

7、Ltd was one of the most achievements in its market exploration in China. For this issue, its office in Beijing and head office in Holland pay much attention to. The buyers background:Beijing Shijitong Import and Export Co., Ltd (hereinafter referred to as “Shijitong”) is a comprehensive import and e

8、xport company whose parent company is a large multinational and that enjoys high reputation in the markets at home and abroad. It mainly contacts the sectors of agriculture and animal husbandry and imports a great amount of extractive feedstuff. Especially, it imports much whey powder for breeding o

9、f porkets from Europe. The domestic users have a positive feedback on the whey powder for breeding of porkets it imports. This business has become one of its long-term businesses. Product: Whey powder is classified into food and feedstuff. The former one is mainly used for the raw material for ice c

10、ream so the requirements are strict with its acidity, bacteria and grey etc; the latter one is mainly used as the feedstuff for the breeding of porkets. For processing purpose, it must keep in powder during packing and transportation. Customer relation: Shijitong and Filly know mutual operation stre

11、ngth from the third party and show respect and credit to each other. Afterward, with the office of Filly in Beijing, the first business between them was done. Although it was the first business, the scale was large, within one month, they signed two feedstuff class whey powder contracts with total q

12、uantity up to 400t and total amount up to USD180,000. This indicated that both parties desired to have large business in the Chinese market. Claim cause: In June, the buyer and the seller signed two contracts with the total quantity up to 400t and the buyer opened two letters of credit that month. A

13、ccording to the terms and conditions of the letters of credit, the seller should delivery first batch of goods, i.e. 200t whey powder before July 15 from Rotterdam Port, while the second batch of goods, i.e. 200t whey powder before August 31. In fact, the first batch with amount up to USD90,000 reac

14、hed Tianjin Port in the mid of August, and the buyer obtained the related bills after accepting to pay the goods money, and transacted delivery pickup procedures; however, when opening the containers, the buyer found some of the goods had been agglomerated. The buyer immediately contacted the forwar

15、der; after excluding the possibility of water penetration into the ship and the responsibility of the insurance company, the buyer deemed that this was the quality problem and contacted they seller for such issue. Negotiation target: The buyer should lodge a claim to the contract violator for reason

16、able compensation in conformity with the usual international practice. The seller must argue on reasonable ground to reduce the compensation pressure, but the follow-on contract must be fulfilled well. Negotiation place and time: Beijing China; August, Simulation requirements:Complete negotiation or

17、ganization (personnel arrangement and staffing), prepare negotiation scheme and hold and have negotiation.案例解析这是一场有关贸易合同纠纷的索赔谈判。乳清是乳制品企业利用牛奶生产干酪时所得的一种天然副产品，它是液态的，将乳清直接烘干后就得到了乳清粉。乳清粉能提供大量的乳糖，在仔猪消化道内发酵可产生大量的乳酸，帮助消化，抑制细菌的生长，这对仔猪健康有重要意义。争议双方表面上看来都没有什么过错。北京世纪通公司作为进口方，在第一次按合同接货200吨乳清粉之后发现，货物已经结块，给自己造成了实际损

18、失，这是不争的事实，因此向荷兰菲力公司要求赔偿理所当然。菲力公司按照信用证结算的规定，在货物装船之前并没有发现结块，按照“单单一致”和“单证一致”的原则，不愿意承担对于第一批200吨乳清粉的赔偿，这也是合理的主张。所以，双方在谈判的过程中很容易陷入“公说公有理，婆说婆有理”的局面，事实上谈判中要去追究乳清粉为什么结块是很困难的。当然我们事后知道，这是生产厂家在生产过程中没有添加防止结块的原料，加上夏季高温湿热所造成的，但这都是后话，查明这些都需要很多时间。这笔进出口贸易合同一共400吨分两次交货，信用证是同一次开的，第一批200吨货物的损失怎么处理，关系到第二批货物能否顺利交接，合同能否履行到底，这个关联性谈判双方要注意到。这次谈判要有一个满意的结果，前期准备必须充分，特别是了解贸易惯例、结算、索赔等国际贸易知识，作为进口方世纪通公司，应该在谈判中拿出第一批乳清粉结块的证据，比如照片、检验数据等，而且应该算一笔账。当初结块的乳清粉降价一半都没有卖完，因此货值应该低于50% 以下，按照货值的60%，也就是要求对方补偿9万元的损失是合理的索赔，具体数字同学们不必苛求一致，但就是要做一个损失的明细帐，以使自己在谈判中处于一个主动的地位。此次谈判不仅涉及到这200吨