工作安全分析(培训材料之一)

1、Job Safety Analysis (JSA)工作安全分析工作安全分析安全管理工具之一安全管理工具之一Risk Assessment tools on site现场风险评估方法现场风险评估方法Risk analysis风险分析Manufacturing process生产过程Unit operation单元操作Industrial hygiene assessment工业卫生评估Identify hazard of working environment: Chemical, physical, biological exposure识别工作环境的危害：化学危害，物理危害，生物曝露危害。T

2、ask risk assessment任务风险评估Non-routine job非日常工作Maintenance, modification of equipment维修，设备改造Job Safety Analysis工作安全分析Routine operation; Loading, unloading etc.常规操作;装载卸载等。Equipment operation; Hand pallet truck, hoist operation etc.设备操作;液压手拖车，起重操作等。Job Safety Analysis (JSA)工作安全分析工作安全分析n Purpose目的 To def

3、ine the arrangements and responsibilities for ensuring that the hazards and risks associated with certain tasks are identified, assessed, and properly managed 为明确责任，确保特定任务的相关危害和风险已被识别、评估和正确处理。nDefinition定义 A technique for identifying hazards associated with each step of a task, for providing solutio

4、ns to eliminate or control each hazard一种用来识别相关任务每一阶段危害的技术方法，为消除或控制危害提供解决办法。JSA process steps工作安全分析过程工作安全分析过程General Guidelines 总则Perform by group of 2-4 people由2-4人组成一个小组来执行Supervisor might lead the group由主管领导小组The worker who is performing the job participate analyze工作执行工人应参加分析Visual observation of

5、the job is done prior to starting开始前先对工作进行外部观察2.Selecting the Job for JSA选择需要安全分析的工作The supervisor or operator identify jobs that require safety analysis. 主管或操作工识别需要安全分析的工作。The following factors should be considered 下列因素应该考虑- Potential hazards associated with the job工作潜在危害- Severity of the consequen

6、ces of an error occurring错误产生的后果严重度- Frequency of performance of the job工作执行频率- Skill level of personnel performing the job执行工作人员的技能水平- Probability of unintended consequences非预期的后果发生概率- Complexity of the task工作复杂程度- Frequency of contact with fellow workers工友的联系频率- Previous history of incidents or ne

7、ar misses associated with the job该工作先前事故或事件的记录JSA process工作安全分析过程工作安全分析过程Basic Job steps 基本工作步骤Break the job down into a sequence of steps; dont miss any step of a job按顺序列出工作步骤，不要漏掉任何工作步骤。Each step shall consist of a set of movements每一个工作步骤包含一系列活动Look at the first set of movements used to perform a

8、task and then determine the next logical set of movements研究执行任务的第一个系列活动，然后决定下一个符合逻辑的系列活动。4. Identification of Potential Hazards:潜在危害识别Identify the hazards (Safety hazards, health hazards, others) which correspond to each step识别每一个工作步骤的危害（安全危害，健康危害，其它危害）Use techniques like “what if ”, brainstorming a

9、nd others.利用如“假设分析法”，头脑风暴法等分析方法。JSA process工作安全分析过程工作安全分析过程5. Risk Evaluation 风险评估Probability: Define the class of probability (1-5) 概率：定义概率等级1-5级Probability of occurrence 事件概率5Frequent 频繁1 x per week 每周一次4Often 经常1 x per month 每月一次3Occasional 偶尔1 x per year 每年一次2Seldom 很少1 x within 3 years 三年一次1Ver

10、y seldom 非常少1 x in more than 3 years 多于三年一次Severity: Define the class of severity (A-E) 严重度：定义严重度等级A-EPossible Severity 可能的严重度Damage to Persons 人的伤害人的伤害Damage to Work-Environment 环境破坏环境破坏AAccident with loss of life 死亡事故Very serious impact 非常严重影响BAccident with very severe consequences非常严重伤害事故 Impact

11、beyond site borders 造成公司外影响CAccident with severe injuries严重伤害事故Important impact within the site 公司内重要影响DAccident with light injuries 轻伤事故Damages to equipment 设备损坏EFirst aid case 急救事故Little to no damage 几乎没有影响JSA process工作安全分析过程工作安全分析过程6. Risk Class: Applying the probability and severity to the Risk

12、Matrix, the Risk Class can be assigned as high, medium or low. 风险等级：用发生概率与严重度来表示风险，风险等级分为高、中、低。JSA process工作安全分析过程工作安全分析过程Existing Protective Measures: 现有保护措施Record the actual measures on the form填表记录实际措施New or additional Measures: 新的或附加措施Record additional required measures记录所需附加措施Technical measures

13、 are mandatory to reduce “high” risks“高”等级风险通过强制性技术措施来降低风险等级“Low” classified risks often do not need any or only light measures低等级风险通常不需要太多措施In- between technical, administrative and personal measures shall be applied (also in combination) according to needs.应根据需要应用技术上、管理上和人的措施（或结合使用）JSA process工作安全分析过程工作安全分析过程Responsibility and Due Date: 责任人和完成时间Note the responsible person确定责任人By when this measure has to be in place. 必须完成的时间To make the JSA an exit: 工作安全分析的导出The measures/results of the analysis have to be implemented completely and