基于教师自主命题的校本研修

1、基于教师自主命题的校本研修松岙初中 英语组 康吉近年来，各种各样形式的测试层出不穷。有课前十分钟教师给学生们测试前几天是所学的东西，有单元测试，有月考，期中考，除此之外还有与其他学校的联考。学生每天都要面对各种形式的测试。不错测试能帮助学生诊断和消除学习过程中的障碍，也能十分直观的告诉任课教师的教学目标落实情况和鉴别自己的教学优劣。那么多种形式的测试，试题从哪儿来呢？大多数的年轻教师都是从网上下载一些试题来给学生进行测试，这因归因于我们所处的时代-信息时代。确实，信息时代让我们有了很好的机会来共享资源，但是也存在着弊端。老师不停得从网是下载，没有进行删选就给学生做，搞题海战术。结果是老师有改不

2、完的卷子，学生有做不完的作业，师生都很累。有的甚至连中考题都从网是下载，而期中的一些题目只会误导学生对今年中考方向的判断。所以说，只是一味的“拿来主义”，不仅会助长自己本身的惰性，还会弱化自己的大脑。为了学生的成长（减轻学生的课业负担），为了学校的发展（培养优秀的学生），为了提高自身的素质（提高教学有效性），提高教师的命题能力是必须要做的一件事情。虽然名制一份高质量的试题需要 教师付出艰苦的努力，但是作为一个具有高度责任感和事业心的教师是绝对不会推脱的。我们教师如何在教学实践中进行科学命题呢？怎样以科学的考试为导向激发学生的学习热情？是值得我们教师研究的问题。一、我们认为对平时的练习题，我们要

3、做到这两点。 首先，重视学生能力的发展，归类所学的知识点，分类知识点的变化，并按其知识点、语法点、能力点和易错点进行详尽的罗列、整理。例如为了使学生能够区别使用冠词a和an的用法时，我们按照以上原则编写了以下的练习题。1. Last Saturday was_usual day, but I had _unusual experience.2. Which country is _ European country do you know?3. Jimmy is _ honest boy, we all like him.4. As _18-year-old girl, she always

4、dreams of a beautiful future.5. There is _"P" and _"n" in the word pollution.这些试题考查了学生已学知识很对现有知识的掌握与运用。教师不仅要把握好教材，还要剖析学生平时学习中问题的成因，你们试题是成为反思课堂教学，修正完善自己教学行为的重要依据。所以为了使学生明白hard，work hard, hard-working,success, successful, successfully, succeed这几个单词的词性和不同的意义，我们又编出了以下试题：1. Harry is a

5、 _boy, he always _.(努力学习）.2. Last night, because of the _ rain, I got wet everywhere.(hard). It is raining_, you can't go out without an umbrella.(hard) It is _ for you to understand this sentence.(hard) I can _recognize him, because we haven't seen each other for several years.(hard)The sof

6、a is soft, but the bench is very _(hard).3. Failure is the mother of _.(success) Yang Liwei is a _ astronaut.(success) If you work hard, you will _one day.(success) At last, they climbed the Mount E'mei _.(success) 其次内容要科学，情景要真是，要贴近生活，贴近实际，这样有利于引导学生关注自然，关注社会，关注生活，关注科技。将基础知识和技能放在实际问题的背景中去考查，将基础知识

7、和技能与实际生活相联系，有利于学生人文素养的提升和健康人格的形成，更赋予了学生学习的热情。例如我们为了巩固学生（八年级下）对Unit9的阅读课文单词的掌握程度，我们组一起设计了以下题目：1. China has the largest _ now, but I think in the near future Indian will instead of China.(population)2. There are 60 seconds in one minute and four _ in one hour.(quarter)3. Yang Liwei is so _ that we reg

8、ard him as our national hero.(brave)4. -Let me take your _. -Oh, my god, you have a fever,(temperature).5. Jack, a football fan is lying _ for The Football World Cup, because it will start in a few minutes. 二、难度最大，最具有挑战性的当然是中考命题。我们认为中考命题要做到以下几点：1. 精选命题的参考资料（避免师生接触过的），切记“拿来主义”。首先教师手头上要有足够的命题素材。我们平时可以

9、订购一些关于英语的杂志、报纸。遇到较短的比较搞笑的或者富有哲理的阅读文章，我们可以把它修改成为听力材料。把一些较长的，比较适合学生阅读的，恶魔可以进行截取，改为完形填空和阅读理解。当然，其他题型的试题相对来说比较容易出，我们可以用不同的方法进行搜集改编来完成。2. 掌握试题的整体难度。让基础题占比较大的比例，试题设置要形成梯级，先易后难，中等难度，难题的过渡要自然、合理，让不同层次的学生都有发挥的余地。3. 切记知识点的重复，关注命题内容的严密性。在学生的平时教辅资料练习中，甚至在不少测验考试当中常常出现知识考点的多次出现和同一内容在不同题型中互为提示，这是命题中的失败或败笔，它不仅浪费试题的

10、量，降低试卷的科学性，更让学生接受了欠严密性的思维影响。作为一份中考模拟卷是绝对不能出现这种状况的，所以命题教师在命题过程中要时时对照自己在命题前所整理教材内容的知识点、能力点和考查点，做到随时发现和随时修改。4. 加强学科知识与社会热点问题的联系。英语复习，看涉及到各个社会热点问题的阅读和讨论。如今年的甲型H1N1病毒、金融危机、明年上海的世博会，还有我们近几年经常要讲到的环境污染等社会现象。当然，由于初中阶段所学的词汇量的限制，不可能充分表达或讨论社会热点问题，但具有时代气息的内容，会激发学生学习的热情，启迪他们的思维。5. 最后要把好审题这一关。命题教师在初次命题完成后，先自己作为一般学

11、生的身份亲自做一遍试题，检查所用的时间，检查知识面覆盖和知识结构的科学性，关注有否遗漏和错误之处，并作出必要的修正。毕竟自己命题主观性比较强，知识面也不够广泛，命题人还可以邀请其他同学科的教师做一遍试题，然后听取他人的意见和建议，合作出试题相应的调整。下面是我们组自制的一份中考模拟卷：2009年初中英语学业考试英语模拟试卷1、 听力部分（ 计20分）.听小对话，选择图片（共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分）1. What time does the class begin?2. What's the weather like tomorrow?3. What do they often d

12、o after school?4. What is Damings favourites animal? A B. C.5. What sign are they talking about?. A. B. C. 听小对话，回答问题（共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分）( )6.What class is Mary in? A Class 4 B Class 3 C Class 2( )7.What will Kelly do this afternoon? A She will go swimming B She will watch TV C She will do her homework(

13、 )8.Whose is the bike? A Bruce's B Peter's C David's ( )9.Where are they talking? A In a school B In a shop C In a hospital ( )10.What did the boy do yesterday evening? A To see Miss Liu B To see a friend C To buy some books . 听长对话，回答问题（共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分）听下面一段较长的对话，回答第11至第12两小题。( )11.Where

14、 is Mr Brown now? A In England B In his school C In Beijing ( )12.When will Mr Brown come back? A Next Monday B Next Wednesday C Next Tuesday 听下面一段较长的对话，回答13至15三小题( )13.Who looks worried? A Bill B Kate C Lucy( )14.How many children does Kate have?A One B Two C Three( )15.How old is Lucy?A Three B Fo

15、ur C Five .短文理解，回答问题（共5小题：每小题1 分，满分5 分）( )16The owner of the shop asked _dollars for the watch. A. 500 B. 250 C. 100 ( )17. The American paid_ dollars for the watch. A. 10 B. 50 C. 100 ( )18. Who is foolish? A. The young man B. The rich man C. The shop owner ( )19. Which of the following is TRUE?A.T

16、he young man liked the nice watch very much, too.B.The rich man didnt see the young man stealing the watch at all. C. The rich American was very happy to buy the stolen watch.( )20. The best title for the reading should be_. A. A Rich American B. Young Man C. The Stolen Watch 2、 笔试部分（ 计90 分）.选择填空（共1

17、5小题：每小题1 分，满分15 分） 从A、 B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。( )21.What _fine weather! -Yes, isn't it!A a B the C / D an( )22.Henry, don't spend too much time _ TV. You'd better do your homework.A watching B to watch C on watching D watched( )23.What are you supposed_when you meet a foreign guest i

18、n our school?A do B to do C doing D done( )24-What do you think of the story the teacher told us just now? -I find it quite _. A boring B bored C be boring D to be bore( )25.We _swim in the lake when we were children. A use to B use C used to D are use to ( )26.She can't dance _ the music by now

19、. A to B with C in D along( )27.When I got home, I realized I _my keys in the backpack.A forgot B had forgotten C have left D had left( )28.If I _ your place, I _ think differently.A am, will B was, will C were, would D am, would( )29.Tigers and cats _ the same family of beasts.A belong B belongs to

20、 C belong to D belongs( )30.Tom, please help me _ the picture on the wall.A put off B put away C put up D put down( )31.A talk on Chinese history _ in our school next week.A be given B has been given C will be given D will give( )32.Would you mind if I sit down here? -_. Do sit down.A Yes, please B

21、No, you can't. C Of course D Not at all( )33.Do you mean the one _ was bought yesterday?A which B that C who D whose( )34.-Do you know what is in the box? -Oh, there is nothing in it _ a new pen.A except B with C between D towards( )35.He really doesn't know _ .A what to do B how to do C to

22、do what D how can I do .完型填空（共15小题：每小题1 分，满分15 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。 I am a newspaperman. I don't have much money,_36_ I meet a lot of interesting people. Some are rich; others are poor. I like my job very much and I'm good at it. I don't talk a lot , but I'

23、;m a good _37_. Perhaps I am the best listener in the city, and I am getting a lot of _38_. Let me give you _39_of how I got to talk. I was writing an article about _40_ in the city, how they live, _41_ they do, and so on. So yesterday afternoon I went to the park, sat on a beach _42_ the sun and wa

24、ited. Soon an old woman cane and sat near to me. She was carrying two large paper bags and an old handbag. I sat quietly beside her about ten minutes, and_43_ I took out some chocolate and gave her a piece. After that, she _44_ me about herself. She didn't have a _45_. She and two friends slept

25、in the bus station. On warm days she came to the park _46_ her few clothes and things in two paper bags. Later we went to an eating place and asked _47_a cup of coffee and _48_ to eat, I paid, of course. I asked her a few questions about TV and films that she was _49_. I gave her a dollar. Then , I

26、_50_ her in the park, went down to the office, and wrote the story for my article.( ) 36. A because B but C so D if( ) 37.A writer B reader C listener D learner( ) 38.A money B news C things D time( ) 39.A a story B an example C a place D news( ) 40.A young girls B young people C old people D old me

27、n( ) 41.A how B what C when D why( ) 42.A in B under C below D down( ) 43.A when B after C then D so( ) 44.A spoke B said C talked D told( ) 45. A work B friend C home D job( ) 46.Ato wear B to put on C with D to dress( ) 47.A to B with C at D for( ) 48.A something B nothing C everything Danything(

28、)49.A pleased with B interested in C angry with D surprised ( ) 50.A left B carried C brought D took.阅读理解（共15小题： 5155每小题1分，56-65每小题2分，满分25分） 阅读下面短文，并做短文后面的题目，从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。 (A) One winter afternoon, a little mouse went out for a walk, suddenly the little mouse saw a hole. He t

29、hought is must be his friends'. So he went into it. To his surprise , it wasn't a mouse's house, but a snake's. Several snakes were sleeping there. When they saw the little mouse, they didn't catch him and went on sleeping. The little mouse was afraid and ran away. After he got h

30、ome, he told his mother the whole thing. His mother said, “Never mind. Don't be afraid. They are our enemies(敌人), but they can't catch you now. It's time for winter sleep. During winter sleep, snakes never harm anyone.” ( ) 51.The hole _.A was a mouse's house B wasn't a big one C

31、 was a snake's house D was a good place( ) 52. The snakes _.A were sleeping then B were afraid of the little mouseC caught the little mouse D didn't see the little mouse( ) 53. The mouse's mother _.A was afraid of the snakes at this timeB didn't know that the snakes were doingC said

32、that the snakes were their enemiesD wanted to sleep, too( ) 54.A snake _ during winter sleep.A often harms mice B sometimes catch miceC often wakes up D never harms anyone( ) 55.This story happened _.A on a hill B in a forest C on a winter morning D on a winter afternoon(B)World Laughter Day was sta

33、rted in Mumbai, India in 1998 by Dr Madan Kataria, organizer of the worldwide Laughter Yoga activity.The celebration of World Laughter Day is for world peace and is a plan to make good friends through laughter. Now more and more people are joining the Laughter Yoga movement. On the 9th of January, 2

34、000, more than 10, 000 people gathered in Denmark to celebrate the first World Laughter Day. It was very successful.World Laughter Day is now celebrated on the first Sunday of May every year. Hundreds of people all over the world laugh together on that day. No one thinks that laughing doesn't ma

35、ke us feel good.Today, some people in the world still face war( 战争). Laughter is a good way to deal with world problems. When different groups laugh together, they can get along better. Many difficult problems can become easier to solve if people feel good.Laughter is a world language, which is the

36、same in every country. We should believe that only laughter can bring the world together and help people become good friends.The famous writer, Mark Twain said, " Mankind has only one really effective weapon ( 武器) , and that is laughter. "( )56 World Laughter Day was started_.A. in 1998 B.

37、 in 2000 C. in America D. in China( )57. The celebration of the first World Laughter Day was held_. A. in India B. in Denmark C. in Mumbai D. by Mark Twain( )58. The meaning of the underlined sentence is_.A. laughing doesn't make us feel goodB. laughter makes us feel happyC. nobody thinks it is

38、good to laughD. everyone thinks laughing together makes us feel sad ( )59.Which of the following sentences are True? A Now, it is peace all over the world because of World Laughte Day B Laughter is only for people who want to be happy C Many difficult problems can become easier to solve if you make

39、others laugh D Mark Twain didn't like laugh( )60. What's the best title of the passage?A. The celebration of World Laughter Day B. B. Successful LaughterC. The first World Laughter Day D. World Laughter Day (C) Doctors have studied sleep for many years. It is said that a lot happens when peo

40、ple sleep. It is reported that people have five stages(阶段）of sleep and that people may go through each stage about every 90 minutes. During the first two stages, you sleep lightly. That is, if someone calls you or puts his hands on you, you wake up quickly. Your body rests quietly your heart beats s

41、lowly. You breathe more slowly than when you are awake. During stages three and four, you sleep deeply. You don't hear sounds. Lights don't wake you up, your heart beats more slowly than in stage one and two. The last stage of sleep is called Rapid Eye Movement. During REM sleep, you breathe

42、 faster, and your heart beats faster than in stage one through four. Your eyes move rapidly(快速地）under your eyelids(眼皮). All of this happens because you are dreaming. What doctors have proved(证明) is that everyone dreams.( )61.The best title for this passage is _.A How to Sleep B What Is REM SleepC Fi

43、ve Stages of Sleep D The Importance of Sleep( )62.During stages one and two,_.A we wake up easily B we don't want to wake upC we breathe quickly D we don't wake up easily( ) 63.The Rapid Eye Movement shows that _.A we want to wake up B we can hear someone callingC our eyes are under the eyel

44、ids D we are dreaming( )64.When we sleep deeply, _.A we can hardly breathe B we can hear soundsC our hearts beat faster and faster D neither sounds nor lights can wake us easily( ) 65.Which of the following is TRUE?A Five stages of sleep usually takes 90 minutesB Your eyelids sometimes open during R

45、EM sleepC Sometimes we may go from the last stage of sleep to the first D It is proved that we all dream during sleep.单词拼写（共10小题：每小题1 分，满分10 分） (A) 根据下列句子及所给汉语注释，写出空缺处单词的正确形式，每空一词。66.He is so kind that he always _(提供）to help others.67.I can't find my watch though I've looked for it _(到处).68.

46、John is_(幸运) enough to be chosen for the school football team.69.My _(爱好）are reading, singing and dancing.70.The glasses he _(戴）a moment ago are broken. He needs a new pair. (B)在下列各句的每个空格内填上一个适当的完整的单词，该词的首字母已给。71.S_ is the ninth month of the year.72.When Li Lei was six years old, he taught h_.73.Eng

47、lish people often begin their talks with w_. So when you meet someone in England , you can say. " It's a fine day, isn't it?"74.The house with a garden is so expensive that they can't a _ it.75.The Yellow River, the second l_ river in China, has watered some of the oldest farms

48、 on earth.补全对话（共5小题：每小题1 分，满分5 分） 根据对话的语境，在下列七个选项选出五个句子，使对话意义完整。（It's Saturday. LiLei and WuPeng are talking about what they are going to do tomorrow)L: It's Sunday tomorrow. _76_W: Oh, I'm going to watch a football match. It's between Korean and China.L: Wonderful! I really hope we&

49、#39;ll win this game. _77_.W: At 3 o'clock in the afternoon. I have two tickets here. I can let you have one . 78 L:Of course I do, but I can't. We are going to have basketball match tomorrow afternoon.W: What's a pity! 79 L: A team from No.2 Middle School.W: 80 .L: In our school.W: Good

50、 luck to you and your team, then.L: Thank you. See you later.W: See you.A It's a wonderful chance. B Who are you going to play with?C You want to go, don't you? D Where are you going to play?E What do you think? F What time is it going to be?G What are you going to do?. 任务型阅读（共5小题：每小题1 分，满分5 分）Ladies and gentlemen,We are going to visit the biggest science museum in LondonCi