第05单元 副词-

1、第05单元 副词 I副词的一般特点 副词是一个可以修饰 a动词，b形容词，c另一副词，d介词，e连词，或 f整个句子的词。（黑体词为被修饰词） aHe arrived lateHe studies hard bHe is very honestHe has a rather difficult problem cHe arrived too lateHe studies very hard dHe started long after meShe sat just behind John eHe arrived long after I didShe fell ill just because

2、 she worked too hard fLuckily he succeededEconomically，Africa is underdeveloped 副词放在以下位置：a放在所修饰词前面，b紧跟所修饰词，c放在最前头，d放在最后头： aIt is fairly easyHe often came here bJohn will come soonWait here please cYesterday Johns father suddenly came hereOutsidepeople from the village were quarrelling dHe went to a

3、village far away from the city yesterday He has told me all about this matter be fore 根据词义，副词可以分为下面几类： a时间副词，b地点副词，c方式副词，d程度副词，及 e（不）肯定副词： aHe did yesterdayHe was frequently failed bJohn sleeps hereMary went abroadLet us climb up cHe slept soundlyHe ran fastWe waited patiently dHe is extremely cruel

4、John walked too fast eCertainly he will returnHe will probably let me know 副词和形容词一样可有等级。a单音节词，以加-er和-est的方式构成比较级及最高级，b以-ly结尾的副词，以加more和most的方式构成比较级和最高级。c还有少数不规则的比较形式： anear nearer nearest fast faster fastest bquickly more quickly most quickly steadily more steadily most steadily cleverly more clever

5、ly most cleverly cill，badly worse worst well better best far farther farthest much more most little less least A副词的普通用法 1几乎所有副词可以用来修饰动词： He died here（地点） He died yesterday（时间） He died suddenly（方式） He nearly（程度）died He has probably（肯定性）died 2程度副词可用来修饰下面的词：a形容词，b另一副词，c间或修饰动词： aHe is rather sillyThe ho

6、use is very darkHe has an extremely difficult problem bHe ran much faster than IHe speaks English fluently enoughHe works too hard cHe loves her very muchI little know that she is his sister 方式副词也可用来表示程度，修饰形容 词（d）或副词（e）： dHe is dreadfully sadMary is remarkably simpleShe is lamentably poorHe is comfo

7、rtably warm eHe ran tolerably fastHe writes immeasurably better than IWe have waited terribly longHe read incredibly fast 注：出于语音上的考虑，副词及所修饰的副词不能同时都以-ly结尾，避免说 He works terribly slowly（但可说 Hes terribly slow） 3表示a程度，b时间，或c地点的副词可以用来修饰介词： aHe is much against my proposal He failed entirely through his own

8、 fault He arrived exactly at five oclock he sat just behind me bHe came soon after noon He left long before the war cHe lives far beyond that pagoda He stood close beside me It is near（or hard）by the bridge 4表示a程度，或b时间的副词可用来修饰连词： aHe fell ill partly because he worked too hard He met her exactly when

9、 she was angry bHe got married long before he was graduated He died soon after he got sick 5表示a肯定程度，及b方式的副词可以用来修饰整个句子： aHe will surely succeed Surely he will succeed He will probably come We must positively get the license Yes，I canNoI cant bHappily，he was pardoned Luckily，he has tried his best and

10、succeeded B副词的特殊用法 6少数副词可用来修饰名词。在这样用时，它们通常放在所修饰名词的前面： He is quite a hero（=quite heroic） He is regarded as rather a fool（=rather foolish） He is almost a child（=almost childish） Only Wang studied English last year（No other students studied） Wang studied only English last year（not any other language） （

11、Even和almost的作用和only相同） 有些副词（多为地点副词）在修饰名词时，可以看作一个压缩的形容词从句（即定语从句）： He waited at the bridge there（=that lay there） He looked at the lamp avove His life abroad（=which was spent abroad）was hard The then king（=king that reigned then）was cruel The above statement is false The up train（=train that goes up）c

12、omes at seven He went to a far country 副词有时用在两个名词当中： Latin words，namely technical terms，often keep their original plural form Mr friends，especially Mary，are very young 有时副词出现在with和一名词中间： He came here with sometimes his son，sometimes his daughter He tried again with scarcely a hope of success The roo

13、m was out of order，with here books，there papers We talked in the house，with frequently roarings of guns coming from afar 7When，where，why和 how可用来引起问句，也可同时用作副词和连词，也就是说，用作“关系副词”（Relative Adverbs）： When did you get married？When shall we fight no more？ Where did you first see her？Where could I find a job

14、？ Why do apples fall from the trees？Why cant we live longer？How can you do that？How can I stay single？ I still remember the day when I got marriedTell me the month when you leave This is the place where he diedThe school where he studies is not far away I do not know the reason why he said thatThe c

15、ause why he was killed is unknown This is（the way）how they make moneyThis is always the manner（how）you treat me 副词构成法 1有些副词为简单副词（不带词尾）： often，out，quite，soon，home，back，there，thus，seldom，ever 2有些副词，特别是地点副词及时间副词，常常以加词尾的方式构成： -ly（=every）：yearly，monthly，daily，fortnightly -ward（s）（=toward）：backward（s），lef

16、tward（s），upward（s），homeward（s），eastward（s），onward（s），inward（s） -wise，-ways：lengthwise，clockwise，likewise，otherwise；always，lengthways，sideways-long：headlong-ling（s）：sideling（s） -s：upstairs，outdoors，sometimes，nowadays，needs或在一些单音节词前加词头或其他简单字： a-：along，away，abroad，apart，aside，adraft，aloud，ashore，across

17、，above be-：before，below，beneath，besides 介词：inside，overboard，uphill，beforehand，today there-：therein（=in that），thereafter，thereby，thereof，therewith，ect（陈旧用法） here-：herein（=in this），hereafter，hereby，hereof，herewith，etc（陈旧用法） where-：wherein（=in what or which），whereon，whereby，whereof，wherewith，ect（陈旧用法）

18、3绝大多数副词都由形容词以下述3种方式构成： a大多数方式副词，都在形容词后加-ly构成。注意拼法： 形容词 副词 形容词 副词 glad gladly mournful mournfully happy happily heavy heavily jolly jollily silly sillily shy shyly dry dryly due duly true truly able ably probable probably dull dully full fully vile vilely sole solely despotic despotically idiomatic i

19、diomatically public publicly（例外情况） ill-natured ill-naturedly kind-hearted kind-heartedly provoking provokingly charming charmingly faltering falteringly lingering lingeringly （书面语） mistaken mistakenly hidden hiddenly marked markedly undisguised undisguisedly （书面语） 但是：friendly（形容词）in a friendly way；m

20、anly（形容词）in a manly manner；kingly（形容词）in akingly manner 和形容词一样，以-ingly或-edly结尾的副词，也有激起感情及感受情绪的差别，但用得比较少，如： 激起情绪 感受情绪 He speaks amusingly We listen amusedly The flowers bloom delightfully We watch them deligtedly He behaves disgustingly We left disgustedly The fight goes on excitingly We look on excitedly b有少数副词和形容词形式相同： He came in the late afternoon（形容词） He arrived late（副词） He has waited for a long time（形容词） He has waited so long（副词） 另一些与形容词同形的副词有： early，fast，far，near，well，ill，high，low，much，lit-tle，only，eno