英语副词用法.

1、英语副词分类详解一、时间副词1. 常见的时间副词常见的时间副词有 now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。2. 时间副词在句中的位置(1) 表确定时间的副词 (如 today, yesterday 等 )通常位于句末，有时也位于句首：He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。

2、而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如 soon,recently, suddenly 等 )除可用于句末或句首外，还可位于句中 (通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后 )：He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recently he went to Paris.最近他去了巴黎。(2) still, already, just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后 )：He s just left for school. 他刚刚去学校。I have already f

3、inished my work. 我已经做完了工作。当要表示强调时， still 和 already 也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：She was still still was beautiful at the age of forty.她到了 40 岁仍然很美。I already have told him about it.我已经把情况告诉他了。still 若用于否定句，则总是位于助动词之前：I still don t understand what you mean. 我还是不明白你的意思。另外， still 和 already 还可位于句末，表示惊奇：Are you on page

4、 one still?你还在看第1 页？Is your mother back already?你妈妈就已经回来了？二、地点副词1. 常见的地点副词常见的地点副词有 here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。2. 地点副词在句中的位置地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首， 但从不位于主语和谓语之间。 若有多个副词排列， 地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前：Can you help to carry this tabl

5、e upstairs?你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?The boy read quietly over there all afternoon.这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。三、方式副词1. 方式副词的特点方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以-ly 结构的副词都是方式副词，如carefully, happily,quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily等。2. 方式副词在句中的位置(1) 方式副词通常位于动词 (及其宾语 )之后：He read the letter slowly.他从容不迫地看了那封信。方式副词通常不位于动词

6、与宾语之间，除非动词后的宾语很长：不可说： We like very much it. ( 应改为 We like it very much.)但可说： We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们可以很清楚地看到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。若遇到“动词+介词 +宾语”结构，方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可位于“介词+宾语”之后，但是若该结构的宾语较长，则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之前：He looked at me curiously. / He looked curiously at me.他好奇地打量着我。H

7、e looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane. 他好奇地打量着从飞机上走下来的每一个人。(2) 方式副词 (主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间：He quickly got dressed.他赶紧穿好衣服。He angrily tore up the letter.他很生气，把信撕碎了。(3) 有的方式副词( 如bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly, simply等 )位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化：They s

8、ecretly decided to leave the town.他们秘密决定离开这个城市。They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。He answered the questions foolishly.他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。He foolishly answered the questions.他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。(4) 有的方式副词 ( 如 gently, quietly, slowly, suddenly 等) 有时可位于句首， 以达到某种戏剧性的效果 (这主要见于书面语中 )：Suddenly, the

9、driver started the engine. 突然地，司机启动了发动机。四、频度副词1. 频度副词的特点频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally,constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always等。2. 频度副词在句中的位置频度副词通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后：He often comes to see us. 他常来看我们。He is seldom late for school.他上学很少迟到。有时为

10、了强调，频度副词也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：She always was late. 她老是迟到。有的频度副词可位于句末(尤其受 very, only 修饰时 ) ：I get paid on Fridays usually.我通常在星期五领工资。We go out very seldom.我们很少外出。Do you go to the cinema very often?你常去看电影吗?有的频度副词 (如 sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally 等) 可位于句首 (此时多半是因为强调或对比 )：Sometimes he we

11、nt there by bus. 有时他坐公共汽车去那儿。Very often the phone rings when I m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。【注】含有否定意义的频度副词置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序：Never have I been there. 我从未去过那儿。Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看电影。另外，频度副词always 和 never 通常不位于句首，除非是祈使句：Always remember this.时刻记住这一点。Never go out at night.晚上千万不要出去。3. 频度副词在否定句中的位置在否定

12、句中，有的频度副词可位于否定词 not 之后或之前 (如 usually, often) ，有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后 (如 always, constantly, continually, continuously ，均含有“连续不断”之意 )，而有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词not 之前 (如 sometimes, frequently) ：He doesn t usually come here. / He usually doesn t come here. 他通常不来这儿。She doesn t always come late. 她并非总是迟到。(不能说always does

13、n t)He is sometimes not responsible for what he does.他有时对所做的事不负责任。五、程度副词1. 程度副词的特点程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有 fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。2. 程度副词的用法注意点(1) 程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如 much, rather 等)和最高级( 如 q

14、uite, much, almost 等 )：Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房价贵多了。This is quite much the most expensive radio here.这是这里最贵的收音机。【注】 quite 有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quite better(身体康复 )这一表达。(2) 有的程度副词 ( 如 quite, rather, almost 等 )可修饰动词，但有的(如 fairly, pretty, very等 )则不能修饰动词：I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。(不

15、用 fairly, pretty, very)We rather like the film.我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用 fairly, pretty, very)(3) 个别的程度副词 (主要是 quite 和 rather)还可修饰名词 (注意词序 ) ：It s quite rather a good idea. / It s a quite rather good idea.那可真是个好主意。若此结构中没有形容词，则quite 和 rather 则只能放在冠词之前：It was quite rather a success.那事相当成功。六、连接副词1. 连接副词的分类连接副词可分为两

16、类，一类是用于连接句子或从句，常见的有therefore, besides, otherwise,however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile 等；另一类是用于引导从句或不定式，主要的有 when,why, where, how等。2. 连接句子或从句的连接副词其性质类似于并列连词，使用时其前通常用分号或句号；若其前用逗号， 则通常带有并列连词( 如 and)：I don t like it; besides, it s too expensive. 我不喜欢它，而且也太贵了。We all tried our best; however, welost t

17、he game. / We all tried our best. However, we lost thegame. 我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。注意，有的连接副词 (如 however 等 )后通常有逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。另外，这类副词有的还可位于句中或句末：He may, however, come later. 不过，他也许一会儿就到。We all tried out best. We lost the game, however.我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。Peter is our youngest child, and we have three o

18、thers besides. 彼特是我们最小的孩子，我们另外还有三个。3. 引导从句和不定式的连接副词用于引导从句 (名词性从句 )或不定式的连接副词主要有when, why, where, how 等：Tell me when we shall leave. / Tell me when to leave.告诉我什么时候离开。I don t know how I can find him. / I don t know how to find him.我不知道如何找到他。Where we can get the money is just our problem. / Where to ge

19、t the money is just our problem.到哪里去弄这笔钱正是我们头痛的事。That s why he speaks English so well.那就是他为什么英语讲得这么好的原因。【注】连接副词why 后不能接不定式，如可说I don t know why I must leave.( 我不知道我为什么必须离开)，但不能说I don t know why to leave 。七、关系副词1. 关系副词的特点关系副词用于引出定语从句，主要有when, where, why ：Sunday is the day when very few people go to wo

20、rk.星期日是没什么人上班的日子。That s the reason why he dislikes me. 这就是他不喜欢我的原因。Do you know a shop where I can find sandals?你知道哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗？【注】关系副词用于引出定语从句， 且在从句中用作状语。 关系副词 when 表示时间， where 表示地点， why 表示原因。2. 使用关系副词的注意点(1) how 不能用作关系副词，不要想当然地将how 用作关系副词置于the way 后表示方式：他说话就是那个样子。误： This is the way how he spoke.正： T

21、his is how he spoke. / This is the way (that, in which) he spoke.(2) 关系副词 when 和 where 既可引导限制性定语从句， 也可引导非限制性定语从句， 但 why只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非限制性定语从句，可用forwhich reason) 。(3) 引导定语从句时， when 的先行词为时间， where 的先行词为地点， why 的先行词为原因(主要是 the reason)，但是反过来却不一定：Don t forget the time (that) I ve told you.

22、不要忘记我告诉你的时间。 This is the house (that) he bought recently. 这就是他最近买的那座房子。 Please tell me the reason (that) you know. 请告诉我你所知道的原因吧。八、疑问副词1. 疑问副词的特点疑问副词有when, where, why, how等，用于引出特殊疑问句：Where do you come from?你是哪里人？When will it be ready?这什么时候能准备好？Why was she crying?她刚才为什么哭？2. 两类易混句型的区别。请看以下两句：Where do y

23、ou think he has gone? 你认为他去什么地方了？Do you know when he will come?你知道他什么时候来吗？上面第一句为特殊疑问句，第二句为一般疑问句，它们不能倒过来说成Do you think where hehas gone? When do you know he will come? 其区别是：可以用 yes 或 no回答者，用一般疑问句的形式 (疑问词放在句中， 即主句之后 )，适合这类句型的主句动词通常有know, hear, ask,tell 等；不能用yes 或 no 回答者，用特殊疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句首 ) ，适合这类句型的主句动

24、词通常有think, believe, suppose, guess 等。3. 使用疑问副词的注意点(1) 疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句，通常位于句首，但有时也不一定：Without friends where are we?没有朋友我们会怎样？(2) 疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时，其后应接一般疑问句，但有时可有所省略：Why argue with him?为什么要与跟他争吵？Why not ask the teacher? / Why don t you ask the teacher? 为什么不问问老师呢？【注】 Why去，如不说不告诉我 ?)或 Why not 后接动词原形，不接带why no

25、t tell me yesterday? 应改为to 不定式，主要用于现在或将来，不用于过Why didn t you tell me yesterday?( 昨天为什么(3) 有时两个疑问副词连用：When and where were you born? 你生于何时何地？九、句子副词1. 句子副词的特点句子副词用于修饰句子( 而不是修饰某个单词)，反映说话人的观点和看法，如actually,certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhap

26、s, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly 等。2. 句子副词在句中的位置句子副词通常位于句首 (或分句句首 )：Obviously he can t tell the difference between them. 显然他无法区别两者的不同。 I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 我迟到了，幸而会议推迟了。但有些句子副词也可以出现在句中：He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didn t

27、. 他发出狞笑， 他显然知道一些我所不知道的事。有的句子副词也可用作其他种类的副词，不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化：Clearly he didn t say so. 显然他没有这样说。( 句子副词 )He didn t say so clearly. 他说得没有那么清楚。(方式副词 )Frankly, you are wrong.说实在的，你错了。 (句子副词 )He spoke frankly about his past life.他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。(方式副词 )副词的实战演练1. After a long walk, little Jim was hungry and tir

28、ed. He couldwalk any farther.A. suddenlyB. hardlyC. luckilyD. mostly2.Writeand try not to make any mistakes.A. as careful as possibleB. as carefully as you canC. most carefulD. more careful3.His car is not new, and mine is not new.A. tooB. alsoC. eitherD. so4.Whatwind! It s blowing.A. a strong; stro

29、nglyB. strong; stronglyC. a strong;bigD. strong; strong5.His school is in the northest, thousands of kilo metres.A. awayB. longC. outD. far6.Which do you like, apples.oranges or pears?A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best7.“andare we going to have the meeting?”“ At half past eight in our school.”A. Whatwhe

30、reB. WhenhowC. WhowhereD. Whenwhere8.She walked sothat she missed the last bus.A. fastB. quietlyC. brightlyD. slowly9. It wascold yesterday. Tom caught a bad cold. He can t go to school today.A. much tooB. too muchC. very muchD. much10. Last time Zhang Hong s exam results were the best in our class.This time Li Hong took first place.A. carefullyB. nearlyC. clearlyD. instead1. B. 考查词意；