研究生综合英语1修订版课文原文

1、m prospect, his cat, Tiger, took such a liking to me that he sat on my shoulder during my entire sales presentation. When I was finished, my prospect , s wife said, "Mr. Shook, Tiger only does that with members of our immediate family. You must be a very honest person for her to be so friendly

2、to you. ”The truth of the matter was that I refrained from pushing the cat off because I was afraid she' d rip my suit or scratch my eyes out. However, I replied, “Yes, ma' am, Tiger obviously has some kind of instinct that enables her to accurately judge humans. She sure is a good judge of

3、character. " Even though Tiger happened to be right in my case, Ipersonally put very little faith in an animal' s instinctual ability to judge people. I' d say his reactions have more to do with odors and body movement.Some people judge another person by the way he or she shakes hands.

4、A good, strong grip represents character, while a “dead fish” handshake! is a bad sign. 1, too, dislike the flabby handshake with no life to it, but I am careful not m to use it as a basis for judging an individual. Again, it' stoo easy for a con artist to put a hearty handshake into his act. Th

5、ough you should give a firm handshake so you' 11 immediately create a goodimpression, don' t place too much weight on the next fellow* s grip;it doesn' t tell you anything concrete about him.There* s certain clean-cut appearance that creates an honest image. For example, a blond, blue-ey

6、ed young man with a boyish grin and a look that typifies the boy-next-door, All-American type' will almost always inspire confidence in mothers. There is no logical reason for placing such blind faith in a man simply because of the way he looks, yet most people do make such quick judgments. Conv

7、ersely, the seedy man with dark oily skin, greasy black hair, and a moustache is not considered honest-looking. Similarly, a woman may have them looks which are usually associated with those of a streetwalker, whereas a high- priced call girl may look refined and refreshing. Naturally, clothes and i

8、n the case of women cosmetics, have a great deal to do with such aforementioned appearances, but unfortunately a person* s m natural looks, over which he or she has little control, play an important part in the judgments most people will make. I pity the hard-working, honest salesman who was born wi

9、th the looks that make people automatically think, "He' s not the kind of man I' d want to buy a used car from!n On the other hand, a very devious individual may look like the type you can trust. How can you be sure that the hitchhiker who looks so clean-cut is any less dangerous than t

10、he one who, because of his appearance, looks like a risk? And how can you be sure that this one really is a risk? The point is that we are most often being completely unreasonable in making such snap decisions.On a larger scale, voters often react favorably to a politician simply because of his clea

11、n-cut appearance. His opponent is often judged negatively because he has not been blessed with natural looks that generate trust. This kind of judgment is erroneous, and the consequences can produce devastating results. Granted, many people vote for a candidate strictly because of political issues,

12、but the clean-cut image can tip the scales in favor of the wrong man in a close election.We make snap judgments about people on the basis of how they express themselves. To revert to politics, many voters judge a candidatet s ability by the way he makes a public speech. But though a candidate may be

13、 an effective speaker, he may not be capable of doing the job for which he is running. I know many highly talented men who simply have not developed an ability to speak well in public, but who are excellent in communicating with others on a one-to-one basis. The ability to express yourself strongly

14、is always important, but we are too often wrongly impressed by the man who comes across as eloquent, since it is always possible that this virtue is only askin-deep. ” Yet it is easy to imaginea politician with a clean-cut look and a magnetic speaking voice romping all over his unassuming but better

15、 qualified opponent. He wins solely because his image is convincing.After many years of interviewing and hiring salesmen, I have reached the conclusion that the man with the glib tongue doesn' t necessarily become the top producer. Though there is a definite advantage in having a unaturaln selli

16、ng personality, more often than not the salesman with good working habits, proper motivation, and commitment is the one who becomes the best in his company. Too often, the sales manager who hires salesmen simply because of their extroverted and flamboyant personalities will have a high turnover.Anot

17、her influencing factor is the effect produced on the listener by the sound of a name. At some time or another, we' ve all been guilty of hastily forming an unwarranted opinion when we hear a “winning namenas opposed to a ,losing" one. Hollywood recognized this fact long ago when the studios

18、 began changing the stars' real names. One of my favorite movie lines is James Bond" s response to Pussy Galore* , the heroine in the movie Goldfinger. Meeting her for the first time, he can only exclaim, “I must be dreaming!n Had her name been Harriett Finkelstein, the audience would never

19、 have been able to appreciate one of the screen* s all-time great names! Yet, no matter how great a name is, using it as a criterion in evaluating character is just as illogical as determining a person* s value by a handshake.The beautiful, sexy redhead isn' t always the best bed partner, nor is

20、 the big, strong man, whom we usually expect to be the hero, always braver than the small, frail man on the battlefield. Likewise, there is no sound reason for believing that the out-of-town attorney or consultant is any more of an expert than the local man. Just because your dentist has to book you

21、 six months in advance does not automatically mean that he does the best root-canal work. Nor will the insurance agent who drives a Mercedes * necessarily give you better service than the agent who drives a Ford sedan. Having to go through a main switchboard, a receptionist, and a private secretary

22、before you get to speak with your attorney is no indication of his legal abilities. I also hope you don' t withdraw all your savings from Fourth Bank and deposit them with Third Bank just because their new home office building is several stories taller. It is equally unreasonable to assume that

23、a hospital-clean restaurant serves the best food. True, all these factors are nice window dressing, and they shouldn" t be completely ignored, but other more important factors must be considered before you make any final decisions about those with whom you" 11 do business.Many images are o

24、nly mirages that we have been conditioned to accept as the real thing. So don' t be fooled the next time somebody tells you that Truman Blue is a great guy because of his wonderful smile, the way he looks people straight in the eye when he talks to them, his firm handshake, and his remarkable ra

25、pport with pets!Phrases and Expressionsin quest for: trying to find; seekingwhat about： what do you think about (sth.)stem from: arise from; have as its origin or cause take to: start to likecount on: rely on with confidencetake a liking to: be fond ofhave to do with sb. (sth. ) ： be connected with

26、or related to sb.(sth. ) tip the scales： give a slight advantage to sb. or sth. be blessed with sb. (sth. ) ： be fortunate in having sb. (sth. ) revert to： talk about again; go back to (a former subject of conversation)come across: make an impression of the specified type more often than not: very f

27、requentlyas opposed to: in contrast toUnit2 Is Love an Art?Is love an art? Then it requires knowledge and effort. Or is love a pleasant sensation, which to experience is a matter of chance, something one ufalls into” if one is lucky? This little book is based on the former premise, while undoubtedly

28、 the majority of people today believe in the latter.Not that people think that love is not important. They are starved for it; they watch endless numbers of films about happy and unhappy love stories, they listen to hundreds of trashy songs about love yet hardlyanyone thinks that there is anything t

29、hat needs to be learned about love.This peculiar attitude is based on several premises which either singly or combined tend to uphold it. Most people see the problem of love primarily as that of being loved, rather than that of loving, of one" scapacity to love. Hence the problem to them is how

30、 to be loved, how to be lovable. In pursuit of this aim they follow several paths. One, which is especially used by men, is to be successful, to be as powerful and rich as the social margin of one' s position permits. Another, used especially by women, is to make oneself attractive, by cultivati

31、ng one' s body, dress, etc. Other ways of making oneself attractive, used both by men and women, are to develop pleasant manners, interesting conversation, to be helpful, modest, inoffensive. Many of the ways to make oneself lovable are the same as those used to make oneself successful, “to win

32、friends and influence people. " As a ED matter of fact, what most people in our culture mean by being lovable is essentially a mixture between being popular and having sex appeal.A second premise behind the attitude that there is nothing to be learned about love is the assumption that the probl

33、em of love is the problem of an object, not the problem of a faculty. People think that to love issimple, but that to find the right object to love or to be loved isdifficult. This attitude has several reasons rooted in the development of modern society. One reason is the great change which occurred

34、 in the twentieth century with respect to the choice of a ulove object. '' In theVictorian age, as in many traditional cultures, love was mostly not a spontaneous personal experience which then might lead to marriage. On the contrary, marriage was contracted by convention either by the respe

35、ctive families, or by a marriage broker, or without the help of such intermediaries; it was concluded on the basis of social considerations, and love was supposed to develop once the marriage had been concluded. In the last few generations the concept of romantic love has become almost universal in

36、the Western world. In the UnitedStates, while considerations of a conventional nature are not entirely absent, to a vast extent people are in search of uromantic love, '' of the personal experience of love which then should lead to marriage. This new concept of freedom in love must have grea

37、tly enhanced the importance of the object as against the importance of the function.Closely related to this factor is another feature characteristic of contemporary culture. Our whole culture is based on the appetite for buying, on the idea of a mutually favorable exchange. Modern man' s happine

38、ss consists in the thrill of looking at the shop windows, and in buying all that he can afford to buy, either for cash or on installments. He (or she) looks at people in a similar way. For the man an attractive girl 一and for the woman an attractive man are the prizes they are after. uAttractiven usu

39、ally means a nice package of qualities which arepopular and sought after on the personality market. What specificallymakes a person attractive depends on the fashion of the time, physically as well as mentally.During the twenties, a drinking and smoking girl, tough and sexy, was attractive; today th

40、e fashion demands more domesticity and coyness. At the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of this century, a man had to be aggressive and ambitious - today he has to be social and tolerant in order to be an attractive upackage. " At any rate, the sense of falling in love develops usually o

41、nly with regard to such human commodities as are within reach of one* s own possibilities for exchange. I am out for a bargain; the object should be desirable from the standpoint of its social value, and at the same time should want me, considering my overt and hidden assets and potentialities. Two

42、persons thus fall in love when they feel they have found the best object available on the market, considering the limitations of their own exchange values. Often, as in buying real estate, the hidden potentialities which can be developed play a considerable role in this bargain. In a culture in whic

43、h the marketing orientation prevails, and in which material success is the outstanding value, there is little reason to be surprised that human love relations follow the same pattern of exchange which governs the commodity and the labor market.The third error leading to the assumption that there is

44、nothing to be learned about love lies in the confusion between the initialexperience of ,falling” in love, and the permanent state of being in love, or as we mightbetter say, of “standing" in love. If two people who have been strangers, as all of us are, suddenly let the wall between them break

45、 down, and feel close, feel one, this moment of oneness is one of the most exhilarating, most exciting experiences in life. It is all the more wonderful andmiraculous for persons who have been shut off, isolated, without love. This miracle of sudden intimacy is often facilitated if it is combined wi

46、th, or initiated by, sexual attraction and consummation.However, this type of love is by its very nature not lasting. The two persons become well acquainted, their intimacy loses more and more its miraculous character, until their antagonism, their disappointments, their mutual boredom kill whatever

47、 is left of the initial excitement. Yet, in the beginning they do not know all of this, in fact, they take the intensity of the infatuation, this being “crazy" about each other, for proof of the intensity of their love, while it may only prove the degree of their preceding loneliness.This attit

48、ude that nothing is easier than to love - has continued tobe the prevalent idea about love in spite of the overwhelming evidence to the contrary. There is hardly any activity, any enterprise, which is started with such tremendous hopes and expectations, and yet, which fails so regularly, as love. If

49、 this were the case with any other activity, people would be eager to know the reasons for the failure, and to learn how one could do better - or they would give up the activity. Since the latter is impossible in the case of love, there seems to be only one adequate way to overcome the failure of lo

50、ve to examine the reasons for this failure,and to proceed to study the meaning of love.The first step to take is to become aware that love is an art just as living is an art; if we want to learn how to love we must proceed in the same way we have to proceed if we want to learn any other art, say mus

51、ic, painting, carpentry, or the art of medicine or engineering.What are the necessary steps in learning any art?The process of learning an art can be divided conveniently into two parts; one, the mastery of the theory; the other, the mastery of the practice. If I want to learn the art of medicine, I

52、 must first know the facts about the human body, and about various diseases. When I have all this theoretical knowledge, I am by no means competent in the art of medicine. I shallbecome a master in this art only after a great deal of practice, until eventually the results of my theoretical knowledge

53、 and the results of my practice are blended into one my intuition, the essence of the masteryof any art. But, aside from learning the theory and practice, there is a third factor necessary to becoming a master in any art the masteryof the art must be a matter of ultimate concern; there must be nothi

54、ng else in the world more important than the art. This holds true for music, formedicine, for carpentry and for love. And, maybe, here lies the answerto the question of why people in our culture try so rarely to learn this art, in spite of their obvious failures, in spite of the deep- seated craving

55、 for love, almost everything else is considered to be more important than love, success, prestige, money, power - almost all our energy is used for thelearning of how to achieve these aims, and almost none to learn the art of loving.Could it be that only those things are considered worthy of being l

56、earned with which one can earn money or prestige, and that love, which “only" profits the soul, but is profitless in the modern sense, is a luxurywe have no right to spend much energy on?Phrases and Expressionsbe starved for sth. : be hungry for sth. ; suffer greatly because someone is not gett

57、ing enough of sth.in pursuit of sb. /sth. : pursing sb. or sth.hold true for sth. : certainly apply to sth. ; have an effect onUnit 3 The Ant and the GrasshopperWhen I was a very small boy I was made to learn by heart certain of the fables of La Fontaine, and the moral of each was carefully explaine

58、d to me. Among those learned was The Ant and the Grasshopper, which is devised to bring home to the young the useful lesson that in an imperfect world industry is rewarded and giddiness punished. In this admirable fable ( I apologize for telling something which everyone is politely, but inexactly, s

59、upposed to know) the ant spends a laborious summer gathering its winter store, while the grasshopper sits on a blade of grass singing to the sun. Winter comes and the ant is comfortably provided for, but the grasshopper has an empty larder, he goes to the ant and begs for a little food. Then the ant

60、 gives him her classic answer:“What were you doing in the summer time?”uSaving your presence, I sang, I sang all day, all night. ” u You sang. Why, then go and dance. ”I do not ascribe it to perversity on my part, but rather to the inconsequence of childhood, which is deficient in moral sense, that