(完整版)2018年12月英语六级考试真题详细参考答案(全三套)

1、2018 年 12 月六级考试真题参考答案（全三套）第一套六级听力原文conversation 1Hey I just read a great book about physics。I think you d 。like itItcalleds the physics of the world 。Itwrittensby a scientistnamedSylvia Mendez 。Oh I read that book 。It was great 。The writeris a warm andcompetent guide to the mysteries of physics 。 I

2、think it promises enrichment for any reader from those who know little about science to the career physicist 。And it s refreshing to see a strong curious clever woman adding her voice to the scientific discourse and a field that has been traditionally dominated by men 。 I think she has to be commend

3、ed for making an effortto include anecdotes about little known female scientists。You know theywere often victims of a generation firmly convinced that the woman was in the home 。 s placI like how the book is clearly written with each chapter brought to lifeby pieces of fascinatingknowledge 。For exam

4、ple in one chapter sheexposes a myth that I ve heard taught by university physics professors。I veoften heard that medievalglass windowsare thickerat the bottombecause glass flows like a fluid。 This ， she shows ， is not true 。 Thedistortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glassmakers proce

5、ss。Yeah I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by providing ahost of Do ItYourselfexperimentsthat bringthe same foundationalprinciples of classical physics that govern everything from the solar systemto your kitchen table 。 From using complex laws of physics to test whethera spinning egg is

6、 cooked to measuring atmospheric pressure by lifting a piece of cardboard 。 Her hands-on examples make her book a trulyinteractive read 。Yes I must say this a equation-free book is an ideal read for scientistsof all stripes ，anyone teaching science and even people who dislikephysics 。Question1 ：what

7、 does the woman say about the book the manrecommended ？Question 2 ： what can we find in the book the man recommended。？Question 3 ：How does the author bring her book to life？Question 4 ： How does the book cultivate readers interest in physics。conversation 2A ： Hi professor 。I was hoping I could have

8、a moment of your timeif you re ntoto busy 。 I m having some problems getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could give me some advice on how to begin 。B ： Sure。I have quite a few students though.So can you remind mewhat your topic is？A ： the general topic I chose is aesthetics， but

9、that s as far as I vegot I don t really know where to go from there。B ： Yeah ， that s much too large a topic。 You really need to narrowit down in order to make it more accessible。 Otherwise you ll be writinga book 。A ： Exactly 。That shatw I wanted to ask you about 。I was hopingit would be possible f

10、or me to change topics。I m really more interestedin nature than beauty 。B ： I m afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic 。Still ，Ifyou re interested in nature， then that certainly can be worked into yourdissertation 。We ve talked about Hume before in class right。A ： Oh yeah ，he s the philosop

11、her who wrote about where our ideasof beauty come from 。B ： Exactly 。I suggest you go to the library and get a copy of hisbiography 。Start from there 。But remember to stick to the parametersof the assignment 。 This paper is a large part of your cumulative grade。So make sure to follow the instruction

12、s。 If you take a look at his biography。You can get a good idea of how his life experiences manifest themselvesin his theories of beauty。 specifically the way he looked towards natureas the origin of what we find beautiful。A ： Great。Thanks for taking the time to answer my questions ，Professor 。 I ll

13、let you get back to class now 。B ： If thereanythings else you need，please come see me in myoffice any time。Question 5 ：What is the man s problem？Question 6 What does the professor think of the man？ s topicQuestion 7 What s the man really more interested？ inQuestion 8 what does the professor say the

14、man has to do？passage 1During the arctic winter from October to March ， the average temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus 20 degrees Celsius 。 But this year the Arctic is experiencing much highertemperatures 。 On February the 20th the temperature in Greenland climbedabove fre

15、ezing or zero degrees Celsius and it stayed there for over 24 hours。Then on February the 24th the temperature on Greenland northerns tip reached six degrees Celsius 。 Climate scientists describe the phenomenonas stunning 。Weather conditions that drive this bizarre temperature surgehave visited the A

16、rcticbefore 。They typicallyappear about once in adecade。However ，the last such increase in temperature took place twoyears ago。This is troublingas climbingarctic temperatures combinedwith rapid sea ice loss arecreating a new type ofclimate feedbackloopwhich could accelerate Arctic warming。 Indeed ，s

17、ea ice cover in theArctic is melting faster than expected。Without those masses of coolingsea ice，warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further inland thanit ever did before 。The air can stay warmer longer too 。This drivesadditionalmelting 。Overallearth is warmingat a rapid pace。2014through 20

18、17 rank as the hottest years on record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else on earth 。 This raises unique challenges for Arctic wildlife and indigenous people who depend on Arctic ecosystems tosurvive 。Previously climate forecasts predicted thatArcticsummer icewould disappear en

19、tirely by around 2060 ， but based on what scientists are seeing now the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within 20 years。Question 9 。What did climate scientists describe as stunning？A ）The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland。Question 10 。 What does the passage say about that temperat

20、ure surgein the Arctic ？Question 11。what may occur in 20 years accordingto scientistsrecent observations ？Passage2A good dose of willpower is often necessaryto see any task throughwhether it s sticking to a spending plan or finishing a great novel 。 Andifyou want to increase that willpower。A new stu

21、dy suggestsyou justsimply have to believe you have it。 According to this study，what mattersmost is what we thinkabout our willpower。If we believeitas finiteresource，we act that way ， we feel exhausted and need breaks betweendemanding mental tasks 。However ， people who view their willpoweras a limitl

22、essresource get energized instead 。The researchers used apsychological assessment tool to test the validity of the study。 They asked1100 Americans and 1600 Europeans to grade different statements such as after a challenging mental activity ， my energy is depleted and I must rest to get it refueled a

23、gain or I can focus on a mental task for long periods without feeling tired 。00 ： 01： 08 Although there was little difference between men andwomen overall 。Americans were more likely to admit to needing breaksafter completing mentally challenging tasks European participants on theother hand claimed

24、they were able to keep going。 Based on the findings ，the researchers suggest that the key to boosting your willpower is to believethat you have an abundantsupplyof it 。Yourfeelingsabout yourwillpower affect the way you behave。 But these feelings are changeable ，they said 。 Changing your beliefs abou

25、t the nature of your self-control canhave positive effects on character development。This leads to healthierbehaviors and perceptions of other people。Question 12 What is often necessary for carrying through a task？Question 13 What is the finding of the new study？Question14Whatdo welearn aboutcompared

26、 with their American counterparts？EuropeanparticipantsasQuestion 15 What do the research say concerning people feelings about willpower ？lecture 1Here is my baby niece Sarah 。Her mum is a doctor and her dad is alawyer 。By the time Sarah goes to college the jobs her parents do aregoing to lookdramati

27、callydifferent 。In 2013 ， researchers at OxfordUniversity did a study on the future of work。 They concluded that almostone in every two jobs has a high risk of being automated by machines。Machinelearningisthetechnology thatresponsible for most ofthisdisruption 。 It s the most powerful branch of arti

28、ficial intelligence。 Itallows machines to learn from dataandcopy some of the thingsthathumans can do 。 My company ， Kaggle ， operates on the cutting edgeof machine learning。 We bring together hundreds of thousands of expertsto solve important problems for industry and academia。 This gives us anuniqu

29、e perspective on what machines can do， what they can t do and whatjobs they might automate or threaten。 Machine learning started makingits wayintoindustry in the early90s 。 It startedwithrelativelysimpletasks 。Itstartedwiththingslikeassessingcreditriskfromloanapplications ， sorting the mail by readi

30、ng handwritten zip codes。 Overthe past few years， we have made dramatic breakthroughs 。 Machinelearning is now capable of far ， far more complex tasks 。 In 2012 ， Kaggle challenged its community to build a program that could grade high school essays。 The winning programs were able to match the grade

31、s given byhuman teachers 。Now giventhe rightdata ，machines are goingtooutperform humans at tasks like this。A teacher might read 10000 essaysover a 40-year career 。A machine can read millionsof essays withinminutes 。We have no chance of competing against machines on frequenthigh-volume tasks ， but th

32、ere are things we can do that machines cannot 。Wheremachineshave made verylittleprogress is intacklingnovelsituations 。Machines can t handle things they haven t seen many timesbefore 。The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needsto learn from large volumes of past data。But humans d

33、ont。We havethe ability to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we never seen before 。Question 16 what did the researchers at Oxford University conclude？Question 17。What do we learn about Kaggle companies winningprograms ？Question 18 。 What is the fundamental limitation on machine le

34、arning？lecture 2we ve talkedrecently about the importanceof sustainableenergy 。We ve also talked about the different theories on how that can be done。So far ， our discussions have all been theoretical。 Now I have a practicalquestion for you all。Can you run a 140 ， 000 kilogram train on just thesteam

35、 generated by solar power ？Well ， one engineer ， Tim Casselman ，believes itpossible 。And his home cityof Sacramento ，Californiashould see the technologyfirsttest as part of the upgradingof its railyard 。Casselman ，whois an inventorand self-proclaimedsteamvisionary ， is campaigning for a new steam tr

36、ain that runs without any fire and could run on an existing 10 kilometer line drawing tourists and perhaps offering city commuters a green alternative to their cars 。 Casselman wants to build an array of solar magnifying mirrors at one end of the line to collectand focus heat onto water filled tubes

37、。 This would generate steam thatcould be used to fill tanks on a small steam train without the use of fire。Supplyingpower to trainsin this way wouldoffer the shortestdistancefrom wellto wheels hesays withthe leastamount of energy lost 。According to Harry Valentijn， a Canadian engineer who is researc

38、hingmodern steam technology ， a special tank measuring 2 by 10 metres could store over 750 kilowatt hours of energy as high pressure steam enough to pull a two car train for an hour or so 。 Energy to drive a steam locomotivecan be stored in other materials besides water for example a team at Tohoku

39、University in Japan has studied materials that can store large amounts of heat when heated 。 These materials turn from a solid into a liquidabsorbing energy as they change phase。The liquid is maintained aboveits melting point until steam is required at which point the liquid is allowed to turn back

40、into a solid releasing its stored energy another team at Nagoya University in Japan has tested calcium compound as an energy storage material 。 Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gasleaving calcium oxide the gas can be stored under pressure and attain to recover the energy the

41、gas is fed back over the calcium oxide 。 In theory says Valentijn this can create a high enough temperature to generate superheated steam。Question 19 ：What has the speaker previously talked about？Question 20 ：What is Tim Casselman trying to do in Sacramento？Question 21 ：what has a Japanese research

42、team tried to do ？Lecture 3Today s crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes。First ， people are livinglongerwitha lot more complexneeds。Second， they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relationbetween national health and social-care services。Currentservices orig

43、inatein twokey measures 。Theyare theNationalHealthService and the 1948 NationalAssistance Act 。required local government to provide residential accommodation for olderpeople and supervise care homes run by independent organizations。ThisThey also provided home and community services including meals，d

44、ay centers and home helpers and other subsidized services 。 The NationalHealth Service was free and wholly publicly provided。 It delivered thebest health-care for all 。 No such vision guided residential and communitycare though 。 The care was substantially provided by voluntary serviceswhich worked

45、together with local authorities as they long had with eligibility based on income 。 Today ， life expectancy has risen from 66for a male at birth in 1948 to around 80 now。In addition ， there is betteroverall health and improved medical knowledge and care。This means anunprecedented number of people ar

46、e surviving longer in conditions requiring expert support 。 Families provide at least as much care as theyever did 。Even so ，they can rarely without subsidised support addressserious personal needs 。Care for older people faced persistent criticismas these trends became apparent。 From the early 1960s

47、 ， local authoritieswere required to plan health and welfare services。The aim was to enableolder people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible， butthis increased concern about the lack of coordination between free healthand paid-forsocial care。 Through the 1970s， a numberof measuressou

48、ght to improve matter 。 However at a time of financial crisis， fundingdiminishedand little changed 。 In the 1980s ， the government cutspending 。 Meanwhile ， preference for private over public services mademanagement even more difficult。Simultaneously ，the number of sickolder people grew 。 Government

49、s emphasized the need to improve services。They did so though while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid。Services were irregular across authorities。 Unless you were prepared topay ， they were increasingly difficultto obtain forany but themostseverely disabled 。 Why has 60 years of critic

50、ism produced so little change。Discrimination against older people has a long history。 Additionally ，those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable tolaunch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination。Question 22 what is one cause of the current crisis in ca

51、re for the elderly in England ？Question23 。What does the speaker say about residentialandcommunity care ？Question 24 。What made management of care for the elderly moredifficult in the 1980s？Question 25 。What does the speaker say about older people inEngland ？听力Section A1. D) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.2. A) Stor