非谓语动词讲解

1、非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词分三大类不定时 to do / to be doing / to have done / to have been doing动名词 doing ( 名词 )分词 doing / done一，不定式与动名词做主语:1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。Collecting information about children s health is his job.收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It s ne cessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.

2、与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有:(1)It s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do(2)It s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever,foolish, brave) of sb. to do.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有:It s no good (use, fun) doing.It s (a) waste of time one s doing.It s worth while doing.There is n

3、o point in doinghave fun doing二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语:1、不定式做表语常表示要去做，表目的His teaching aim of this class is to train the students speak ingability. 他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换Itsfull-time job is laying eggs.它的 （指蚁后 ） 的专职工作是产卵。My job isteaching.3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征; 进行时表示正在进行的动作。Thetask

4、of this class is practising the idioms. （现在分词做表语） 4 现在分词表示进行与主动。或者作为形容词。The joke is amusing . 这笑话很逗人。The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人不解。5 、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。The village is surrounded by high mountains.（ 过去分词做表语）He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）6、注意如

5、下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同:interest（ 使感兴趣），surprise（使吃惊），frighten（ 使害怕）， excite（使兴奋），tire（使疲劳），please（使满意），puzzle（使迷惑不 解），satisfy（使满意），amuse（使娱乐），disappoint（使失望）， inspire（使欢欣鼓舞），worry（使忧虑）它们的现在分词常修饰物，表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的 look 、 voice 等 ） 。例如 :Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。They are very tired. 他们很疲劳After hear

6、ing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.三、不定式与动名词做宾语:1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语: 见精编2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语: 见精编3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同。He forgot to tell me to post the letter.(他忘了叫我发信。)I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope.我永远也

7、忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。I regret to tell you that I can t go to your birth -day party. 我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他们后悔同意这个计划。I didn t mean to hurt you. 我没有企图伤害你。A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return.真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。4、动名词作need, want, require, be wort

8、h 的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。 The washing-machine needs repairing.( 或用 :needs to be repaired) 这台 洗衣机需要修理。The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。This English novel is worth reading.这本英文小说值得一读。The situation in Russian required studying.俄国形式需要研究。四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语:1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语医生嘱咐The doctor advised him to stay i

9、n bed for another few days.他再卧床休息几天。We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。）2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to “的不定式，这些动词有 :see, watch,notice, hear, feel,make, let, have 等。例如:3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补:see, watch, notice, observe,hear, feel, make, set,have, leave, keep, find 等。用现在分词还是用过去

10、分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。例:We heard him singing the song when we came in. 当我们进来的时候，听见他正唱那首歌。We have heard the song sung twice. 我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。五、非谓语动词做定语:1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。例如:He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do.他没有房子住却有好多活要干。Our monitor is the first to arrive.我们班长是第一个到的。

11、3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别: 过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。如:a piece of disappointing news 使人失望的消息（ 意同 a piece of newswhich disappointedus)in the following years 在后来的几年中（意同 in the years that followed）a well dressed woman 衣着讲究的女士（ 意同 a woman who is dressed well） acar parked at the gate 停在门口的小汽车（ 意同 a car

12、 which was parked atthe gate）六、不定式与分词做状语:1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因:He hurried home only to find his money stolen.他匆忙赶到家中，发现钱被盗了。（ 结果状语 ）To make himself heard, he raised his voice.为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。 （ 目的状语） All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress.看到他的进步，我们都很吃惊。（ 原因状语）2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式:Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful.从山上看，这座城市很美。（ 条件状语） Coming into the room, he found his